BSI PD CEN/TR 15728:2016
$189.07
Design and use of inserts for lifting and handling of precast concrete elements
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2016 | 48 |
1.1 General This Technical Report provides recommendations for the choice and use of cast-in steel lifting inserts, hereafter called ‘inserts’ for the handling of precast concrete elements. They are intended for use only during transient situations for lifting and handling, and not for the service life of the structure. The choice of insert is made according to the lifting capacity of their part embedded in the concrete, or may be limited by the capacity of the insert itself and the corresponding key declared by the insert manufacturer. The report covers commonly used applications (walls/beams/columns and solid slabs and pipes). The range of these applications is further limited to prevent other types of failure than concrete breakout failure (cone failure), bond failure, failure of reinforcement or failure in the steel insert. Due to lack of information this report does not cover double shell walls, floor plates and beams for beam-and-block floor systems. The safety levels are given for information and are intended for short-term-handling and transient situations. This Technical Report applies only to precast concrete elements made of normal weight concrete and manufactured in a factory environment and under a factory production control (FPC) system (in accordance with EN 13369:2013, 6.3) covering the insert embedment. This Technical Report does not cover: – the design of the lifting inserts independently placed on the market; – lifting inserts for permanent and repeated use. This Technical Report is prepared based on the fact that the anchorage in the concrete of parts of the lifting assembly is governed by the Construction Products Regulation. Lifting accessories independently placed on the market are governed by the Machinery Directive. 1.2 Types of inserts for lifting and handling This Technical Report applies to the embedment of lifting inserts. Devices made by the precaster may consist of smooth bars, prestressing strands, steel plates with anchorage or steel wire ropes. The system devices may be e.g. internal threaded inserts, flat steel inserts and headed inserts. Lifting loops of ribbed bars are not covered. 1.3 Minimum dimensions This Technical Report applies in general to inserts with a minimum nominal diameter of 6 mm or the corresponding cross section. In general, the minimum anchorage depth should be hef = 40 mm. Wire ropes of diameter less than 6 mm are not covered.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | Contents Page |
| 6 | European foreword |
| 7 | 1 Scope 1.1 General 1.2 Types of inserts for lifting and handling 1.3 Minimum dimensions 2 Normative references |
| 8 | 3 Terms and definitions and symbols 3.1 Definitions Figure 1 — Examples of anchorage length for different types of inserts |
| 10 | 3.2 Symbols 3.2.1 Action and resistance 3.2.2 Concrete and steel |
| 11 | 3.2.3 Inserts 4 Basis of design 4.1 General 4.2 Required verifications 4.3 Design Principles 4.3.1 Limit state design 4.3.2 Ultimate limit state 4.3.2.1 General |
| 12 | 4.3.2.2 Servicability limit state 4.3.3 Admissible load design |
| 13 | 4.4 Verification 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Partial factor method (Ultimate limit state) 4.4.2.1 Partial factors for actions 4.4.2.2 Partial factors for resistance Table 1 — Partial safety factors γs for steel failure Table 2 — Partial safety factors for concrete and anchorage failure |
| 14 | 4.4.2.3 Global safety factor method Table 3 — Global safety factors γ used in different National provisions and MD 2006/42/EC 5 Actions on inserts 5.1 General |
| 15 | 5.2 Effect of lifting procedures on load directions Figure 2 — Examples of handling equipment for slabs Figure 3 — Statically indeterminate system, only two inserts loaded |
| 16 | Figure 4 — Example of statically determinate lifting of a slab and resolution of forces Figure 5 — Examples of loads on lifting inserts for walls 5.3 Actions from adhesion and form friction |
| 17 | Table 4 — Examples of values for adhesion and form friction, qadh 5.4 Dynamic actions Table 5 — Influence of dynamic actions on site |
| 18 | 5.5 Combined actions 6 Design of lifting inserts and anchorage in concrete by calculation 6.1 General conditions |
| 19 | 6.2 Types of inserts covered 6.2.1 Inserts independently placed on the market Figure 6 — Headed bolts and spread anchors |
| 20 | Figure 7 — Anchors with additional rebar Figure 8 — Anchor systems with threaded sockets Figure 9 — Short versions of headed bolts and spread anchors Figure 10 — Short versions of headed bolts and spread anchors Figure 11 — Plate sockets |
| 21 | 6.2.2 Inserts made by the precaster 6.3 General design 6.3.1 Failure modes Figure 12 — Failure modes for lifting inserts under tensile loading Figure 13 — Failure modes for lifting inserts under shear loading |
| 22 | 6.3.2 Design procedures 6.3.3 Unreinforced concrete 6.3.3.1 Tensile load Figure 14 — Concrete cone failure in tension |
| 23 | Figure 15 — Bond failure in tension 6.3.3.2 Shear load Figure 16 — Concrete edge failure in shear |
| 24 | Figure 17 — Local crushing and flexural failure 6.3.4 Reinforced concrete 6.3.4.1 Tensile load Figure 18 — Effect of large foot |
| 25 | Figure 19 — Anchorage reinforcement 6.3.4.2 Shear load Figure 20 — Reinforcement for the prevention of concrete edge failure |
| 26 | 6.4 Lifting inserts 6.4.1 General design Figure 21 — Flow of forces on lifting inserts 6.4.2 Lifting loops of smooth bars |
| 27 | Figure 22 — Typical geometry of lifting loops of smooth bars Table 6 — Capacity reduction factor for lifting loops of smooth bars depending on the lifting hook dimension Figure 23 — Loading angle for lifting loops |
| 28 | 6.4.3 Lifting loops of strands Figure 24 — Typical geometry of lifting loops of strands Table 7 — Reduction factor for lifting loops made of bundled strands with sleeves 6.4.4 Lifting loops of steel wire ropes |
| 29 | Figure 25 — Typical geometry of lifting loops of steel wire ropes 6.5 Lifting of walls and linear elements 6.5.1 General |
| 30 | 6.5.2 Minimum thickness of wall or element 6.5.3 Anchorage reinforcement Figure 26 — Examples of anchorage reinforcement for insufficient anchorage length of the insert |
| 31 | Figure 27 — Examples of reinforcement for combined axial and shear load* Figure 28 — Examples of lifting inserts in a wall with supplementary tilting reinforcement for transverse shear loads |
| 32 | Figure 29 — Typical anchorage reinforcement in walls for shear and tension 6.6 Lifting of slabs and pipes 6.6.1 Minimum edge distances 6.6.2 Anchorage reinforcement |
| 33 | Figure 30 — Examples of increasing concrete cone capacity 7 Design of lifting inserts and anchorage in concrete by testing 7.1 General conditions |
| 34 | 7.2 Specification of specimens 7.2.1 Areas of application 7.2.2 Design of test specimen Table 8 — Typical test specimen simulating different areas of application Figure 31 — Example of a test set-up for inserts under tension load and combined tension and shear load |
| 35 | Figure 32 — Example of a test set-up for inserts under tension load in a pipe Figure 33 — Examples of test set-ups for inserts under tension load and shear load in a wall |
| 36 | Figure 34 — Examples of transverse shear test set-ups 7.2.3 Age of concrete specimen at testing 7.2.4 Specification of inserts 7.3 Loading conditions 7.3.1 Load and support conditions |
| 37 | 7.3.2 Loading history 7.3.3 Measurements 7.4 Test programs 7.4.1 General |
| 38 | 7.4.2 Tests to verify prior knowledge 7.4.3 Tests utilizing no prior knowledge — Determination of properties for one insert used for specific applications 7.5 Assessment of the test results 7.6 Test report 7.6.1 General information |
| 39 | 7.6.2 Test members 7.6.3 Installation of the insert 7.6.4 Measured values |
| 40 | 7.6.5 Evaluation report 8 Lifting and handling instructions |
| 41 | Annex A (informative) Information to be given by the insert supplier A.1 Information on the content of an operational manual A.1.1 General technical introduction A.1.2 Documentation of the lifting anchor |
| 42 | A.1.3 Documentation of the lifting key |
| 43 | A.1.4 Documentation of accessories |
| 44 | Annex B (informative) Use of Supplier’s recommendations |
| 45 | Bibliography |
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