This document is to be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification.<\/p>\n
\nNOTE 1 Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type.<\/p>\n
This document covers bearings in cranes. It is not intended for bearings being part of standard components, e.g. gearboxes, motors \u2026 however those bearings shall be designed using load actions from EN 13001-2 and classification parameters of EN 13001-1.<\/p>\n
NOTE 2 EN 13001-3-7 is under preparation for gears and gearboxes and deals with load actions for bearings in gear boxes.<\/p>\n
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 7 of this document are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazards:<\/p>\n
\n
- \n
exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
exceeding temperature limits of material or components;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
This document is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types (see Annex D).<\/p>\n
NOTE EN 13001-3-4 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n
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\n PDF Pages<\/th>\n PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2<\/td>\n undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 8<\/td>\n 1 Scope
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 9<\/td>\n 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 10<\/td>\n 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 17<\/td>\n 4 General
4.1 Documentation
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 Grades and qualities for slewing rings
4.2.1.1 Grades
4.2.1.2 Inclusions
4.2.1.3 Impact toughness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 18<\/td>\n 4.2.2 Grades and qualities for rolling bearings, except slewing rings
4.2.2.1 Grades
4.2.2.2 Inclusions
4.2.3 Materials for plain bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 19<\/td>\n 4.3 Bearings
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Slewing rings
4.3.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 20<\/td>\n 4.3.2.2 Supporting structure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 21<\/td>\n 4.3.2.3 Hardness
4.3.2.4 Retaining bolts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 22<\/td>\n 4.3.2.5 Lubrication
4.3.3 Rolling bearings
4.3.3.1 General
4.3.3.2 Housings
4.3.3.3 Hardness
4.3.3.4 Lubrication <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 23<\/td>\n 4.3.4 Plain bearings
4.3.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 25<\/td>\n 4.3.4.2 Sealing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 26<\/td>\n 4.3.4.3 Lubrication
4.3.4.4 Shafts for cylindrical plain bearings
4.3.4.5 Shafts for spherical plain bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 27<\/td>\n 4.4 Proofs of competence for bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 28<\/td>\n 5 Proof of static strength
5.1 General
5.2 Limit design stresses and forces
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Limit design forces and stresses for slewing rings
5.2.2.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 29<\/td>\n 5.2.2.2 Static equivalent loads for raceways and rolling elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 37<\/td>\n 5.2.2.3 Limit design static load ratings C0a,Rd and C0r,Rd for slewing rings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 38<\/td>\n 5.2.2.4 Fixing elements (bolts) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 42<\/td>\n 5.2.3 Execution of the proof for slewing rings
5.2.3.1 Raceways and rolling elements
5.2.3.2 Fixing elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 43<\/td>\n 5.2.4 Limit design forces and stresses for rolling bearings
5.2.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 44<\/td>\n 5.2.4.2 Static equivalent loads for rolling bearings
5.2.4.3 Limit design static load ratings C0a,Rd and C0r,Rd for rolling bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 45<\/td>\n 5.2.5 Execution of the proof for rolling bearings
5.2.5.1 Ball bearings
5.2.5.2 Roller bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 46<\/td>\n 5.2.6 Limit design forces and stresses for plain bearings
5.2.6.1 Cylindrical plain bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 50<\/td>\n 5.2.6.2 Spherical plain bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 51<\/td>\n 5.2.7 Execution of the proof for plain bearings
5.2.7.1 Cylindrical plain bearings
5.2.7.2 Spherical plain bearings
6 Proof of endurance and fatigue strength
6.1 General
6.2 Slewing rings
6.2.1 Design dynamic loads and load ratings
6.2.1.1 Raceways and rolling elements: general <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 52<\/td>\n 6.2.1.2 Raceways and rolling elements: design dynamic equivalent loads Pa,i and Pr,i <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 53<\/td>\n 6.2.1.3 Total number of revolutions Utot,Sr and relative number of revolutions \u03bdsr <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 55<\/td>\n 6.2.1.4 Basic dynamic axial load rating Ca and basic dynamic radial load rating Cr
6.2.1.5 Dynamic load spectrum factors ksr and ksr,r <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 56<\/td>\n 6.2.1.6 Slewing ring raceway load history parameter ssr
6.2.1.7 Minimum slewing ring fatigue strength specific resistance factor \u03b3srf
6.2.1.8 Limit design dynamic loads Ca,Rd and Cr,Rd <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 58<\/td>\n 6.2.2 Fatigue strength of the fixing elements
6.2.2.1 Design stress range \u0394\u03c3Sd
6.2.2.2 Characteristic fatigue strength \u0394\u03c3c <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 59<\/td>\n 6.2.3 Execution of the proof for slewing rings
6.2.3.1 Raceways and rolling elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 60<\/td>\n 6.2.3.2 Fixing elements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 61<\/td>\n 6.3 Rolling bearings
6.3.1 Design dynamic loads and load ratings
6.3.1.1 General
6.3.1.2 Design dynamic equivalent loads Pa,Sd,i and Pr,Sd,i
6.3.1.3 Total number of revolutions Utot,rb and relative total number of revolutions \u03bdrb for rolling bearing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 62<\/td>\n 6.3.1.4 Basic dynamic axial load rating Ca and basic dynamic radial load rating Cr
6.3.1.5 Rolling bearing dynamic load spectrum factor krb <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 63<\/td>\n 6.3.1.6 Rolling bearing load history parameter srb
6.3.1.7 Minimum rolling bearing resistance factor \u03b3rbf
6.3.1.8 Limit design dynamic loads Ca,Rd and Cr,Rd <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 64<\/td>\n 6.3.2 Execution of the proof for rolling bearings
6.3.2.1 General
6.3.2.2 Thrust ball bearings and thrust roller bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 65<\/td>\n 6.3.2.3 Radial ball bearings and radial roller bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 67<\/td>\n 6.4 Plain bearings
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Cylindrical plain bearings
6.4.2.1 Design dynamic pressure of plain bearing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 68<\/td>\n 6.4.2.2 Limit design dynamic pressure pL of plain bearing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 69<\/td>\n 6.4.2.3 Design effective sliding speed \u03bdeff <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 70<\/td>\n 6.4.2.4 Limit design effective sliding speed \u03bdL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 71<\/td>\n 6.4.2.5 Limit effective transmitted power density (p\u00b7\u03bd)L of cylindrical plain bearings
6.4.3 Spherical plain bearings
6.4.3.1 Design dynamic load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 72<\/td>\n 6.4.3.2 Limit design dynamic pressure pspb,L of spherical plain bearing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 73<\/td>\n 6.4.3.3 Design effective sliding speed vspb,eff of spherical plain bearing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 74<\/td>\n 6.4.3.4 Limit design effective sliding speed vspb,L of spherical plain bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 75<\/td>\n 6.4.3.5 Limit design transmitted power densities (p\u00b7v)spb,L of spherical plain bearings
6.4.4 Execution of the proof of endurance for plain bearings
6.4.4.1 Cylindrical plain bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 76<\/td>\n 6.4.4.2 Spherical plain bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 77<\/td>\n 6.4.5 Plain bearing design life
7 Proof of elastic stability <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 78<\/td>\n Annex A (informative)Calculation factors and guide load ratings of slewing rings
A.1 Excess load factor Krep
A.1.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 79<\/td>\n A.1.2 Analytical method of determining Krep <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 80<\/td>\n A.2 Influence factors
A.2.1 Proof of static strength
A.2.1.1 Factor for shear in sub-hardened layer f1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 81<\/td>\n A.2.1.2 Factor for surface hardness f3
A.2.2 Proof of fatigue strength: factor f\u2032f1 for sub-hardened layer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 82<\/td>\n A.2.3 Proof of fatigue strength: Inclusion factor f\u2032f2
A.2.4 Proof of fatigue strength: Surface hardness factor f\u2032f3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 83<\/td>\n A.3 Guidelines for various load ratings
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Guide value of limit design static axial load rating C0aRd for slewing rings with ball bearings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 84<\/td>\n A.3.3 Guide value of limit design static load ratings C0a,Rd and C0r,Rd for slewing rings with roller bearing
A.3.3.1 Limit design static axial load rating C0a,Rd
A.3.3.2 Limit design static radial load rating C0r,Rd (three-row roller bearing) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 85<\/td>\n A.3.4 Basic dynamic axial load rating Ca of a slewing ring with ball bearings
A.3.4.1 Single-row with 4 contact points and double-row with 2 point contacts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 86<\/td>\n A.3.4.2 Double-row with 4 contact points
A.3.5 Basic dynamic load ratings Ca and Cr of a slewing ring with roller bearings
A.3.5.1 Basic dynamic axial load rating Ca <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 87<\/td>\n A.3.5.2 Basic dynamic radial load rating Cr (three-row roller bearing)
A.4 Fixing elements: alternative calculation of the design stress \u03c3Sd
A.4.1 Bolt prying moment Mfb <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 92<\/td>\n A.4.2 Normal design stress \u03c3Sd
A.4.3 Calculation of the lever arm sa <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 94<\/td>\n Annex B (informative)Proof of fatigue strength of slewing ring raceway: calculation of load history parameter ssr (example)
B.1 General
B.2 Working cycles
B.2.1 Type of crane <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 95<\/td>\n B.2.2 Description of the sequence of movements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 96<\/td>\n B.3 Description of the slewing ring
B.3.1 Type of slewing ring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 97<\/td>\n B.3.2 Main data
B.4 Proof of fatigue strength
B.4.1 Load combinations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 99<\/td>\n B.4.2 Dynamic axial equivalent loads Pa,i for supporting\/retaining raceways <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 101<\/td>\n B.4.3 Dynamic radial equivalent loads Pr,i for radial raceway
B.4.4 Classification of the raceways
B.4.4.1 Supporting raceway <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n 102<\/td>\n B.4.4.2 Retaining raceway <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 103<\/td>\n B.4.4.3 Radial raceway <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 105<\/td>\n Annex C (informative)Equivalence of proofs of fatigue strength of slewing rings and rolling bearings according to EN 13001 method and ISO 281’s one <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 107<\/td>\n Annex D (informative)Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 109<\/td>\n Annex ZA (informative)Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006\/42\/EC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cranes. General design – Limit states and proof of competence of machinery. Bearings<\/b><\/p>\n
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\n Published By<\/td>\n Publication Date<\/td>\n Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n 2019<\/td>\n 114<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":265136,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[314,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-265130","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-21-100-01","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/265130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/265136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=265130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=265130"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=265130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}