ACI 210R 93:1993 Edition

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210R-93: Erosion of Concrete in Hydraulic Structures (Reapproved 2008)

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ACI	1993	24

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Description

This report outlines the causes, control, maintenance, and repair of erosion in hydraulic structures. Such erosion occurs from three major causes: caviration, abrasion, and chemical attack. Design parameters, materials selection and quality,environmental factors, and other issues affecting the performance of concrete are discussed. Evidence exists to suggest that given the operating characteristics and conditions to which a hydraulic structure will be subjected, it can be designed to mitigate future erosion of the concrete. However, operational factors change or are not clearly known and hence erosion of concrete surfaces occurs and repairs must follow. This report briefly treats the subject of concrete erosion and repair and provides numerous references to detailed treatment of the subject. Keywords: abrasion; abrasion resistance; aeration; cavitation; chemical attack concrete dams; concrete pipes; corrosion; corrosion resistance; deterioration; Eros ion by chemical attack, erosion; grinding (material removal): high-strength concretes; hydraulic structures; maintenance; penstocks; pipe linings; pipes (tubes); pitting polymer concrete; renovating; repairs; spillways; tolerances (mechanics); wear.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	CONTENTS
2	PART I- CAUSES OF EROSION CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2- EROSION BY CAVITATION 2.1-Mechanism of cavitation
3	2.2-Cavitation index 2.3-Cavitation damage
5	CHAPTER 3- EROSION BY ABRASION 3.1-General
6	3.2-Stilling basin damage
7	3.3-Navigation lock damage 3.4-Tunnel lining damage CHAPTER 4- EROSION BY CHEMICAL ATTACK 4.1-Sources of chemical attack 4.2-Erosion by mineral-free water
8	4.3-Erosion by miscellaneous causes 4.3.1 Acidic environments 4.3.2 Bacterial action PART 2- CONTROL OF EROSION CHAPTER 5- CONTROL OF CAVITATIONEROSION 5.1-Hydraulic design principles
9	5.2-Cavitation indexes for damage and construction tolerances
10	5.3-Using aeration to control damage
12	5.4-Fatigue caused by vibration 5.5-Materials
13	5.6- Materials testing 5.7-Construction practices
14	CHAPTER 6- CONTROL OF ABRASION EROSION 6.1-Hydraulic considerations 6.2-Materials evaluation 6.3-Materials
15	CHAPTER 7- CONTROL OF EROSION BY CHEMICAL ATTACK 7.1-Control of erosion by mineral-free water 7.2-Control of erosion from bacterial action
16	7.3-Control of erosion by miscellaneous chemical 7.3.1 Acid environments 7.3.2 Alkali-aggregate reaction and chloride admixtures 7.3.3 Soils and ground waters
17	PART 3- MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF EROSION CHAPTER 8- PERIODIC INSPECTIONS AND CORRECTIVE ACTION 8.1-General 8.2-Inspection program 8.3-Inspection procedures 8.4-Reporting and evaluation
18	CHAPTER 9- REPAIR METHODS AND MATERIALS 9.1-Design considerations 9.1.1 General 9.1.2 Consideration of materials 9.2-Methods materials 9.2.1 Steel plating 9.2.2 Dry-packed concrete 9.2.3 Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC)
19	9.2.4 Epoxy resins 9.2.5 Acrylics and other polymer systems
20	9.2.6 Silica-fume concrete 9.2.7 Shotcretes 9.2.8 Coatings 9.2.9 Preplaced-aggregate concrete- 9.2.10 Pipe inserts 9.2.11 Linings
21	9.2.12 Aeration slots CHAPTER 10- REFERENCES 10.1-Specified and/or recommended references 10.2-Cited references
24	APPENDIX-NOTATION