ACI 304R 00 2000
$56.60
304R-00: Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete (Reapproved 2009)
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ACI | 2000 | 48 |
This guide presents information on the handling, measuring, and batching of all the materials used in making normalweight, lightweight structural, and heavyweight concrete. It covers both weight and volumetric measuring; mixing in central mixute plants and truck mixers; and concrete placement. Keywords: batching; continuous mixing; conveying; heavyweight concretes; lightweight concretes; materials handling; mixing; placing; preplaced aggregate concrete; pumped concrete; tremie concrete; volumetric measuring.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | CONTENTS |
| 4 | CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION 1.1— Scope 1.2—Objective |
| 5 | 1.3—Other considerations CHAPTER 2— CONTROL, HANDLING, AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS 2.1— General considerations 2.2—Aggregates 2.2.1 Coarse aggregate 2.2.1.1 Sizes 2.2.1.2 Control of undersized material 2.2.2 Fine aggregate (sand) |
| 7 | 2.2.3 Storage 2.2.4 Moisture control 2.2.5 Samples for test 2.3—Cement |
| 8 | 2.4—Ground slag and pozzolans 2.5—Admixtures 2.6—Water and ice 2.7—Fiber reinforcement CHAPTER 3— MEASUREMENT AND BATCHING 3.1— General requirements 3.1.1 Objectives 3.1.2 Tolerances |
| 9 | 3.2—Bins and weigh batchers 3.3—Plant type 3.3.1 Manual weigh batching 3.3.2 Partially automatic weigh batching 3.3.3 Semiautomatic weigh batching 3.3.4 Automatic weigh batching 3.3.4.1 Cumulative automatic weigh batching 3.3.4.2 Individual automatic weigh batching 3.3.5 Volumetric batching |
| 11 | 3.4—Cementitious materials 3.4.1 Batching 3.4.2 Discharging 3.5—Water and ice measurement 3.5.1 Batching equipment 3.5.2 Aggregate moisture determination and compensation 3.5.3 Total mixing water 3.6—Measurement of admixtures |
| 12 | 3.7—Measurement of materials for small jobs 3.8—Other considerations CHAPTER 4— MIXING AND TRANSPORTING 4.1— General requirements 4.2—Mixing equipment 4.2.1 Tilting drum mixer 4.2.2 Nontilting drum mixer 4.2.3 Vertical shaft mixer 4.2.4 Pugmill mixers 4.2.5 Truck mixers 4.2.6 Continuous mixing equipment |
| 13 | 4.2.7 Separate paste mixing 4.3—Central-mixed concrete 4.4—Truck-mixed concrete 4.5—Charging and mixing 4.5.1 Central mixing 4.5.2 Truck mixing |
| 14 | 4.5.3 Water 4.5.3.1 Mixing water 4.5.3.2 Addition of water on the job 4.5.3.3 Wash water 4.6—Mixture temperature |
| 15 | 4.7—Discharging 4.8—Mixer performance 4.9—Maintenance 4.10—General considerations for transporting concrete 4.10.1 General 4.10.2 Revolving drum 4.10.3 Truck body with and without an agitator 4.10.4 Concrete buckets on trucks or railroad cars |
| 16 | 4.10.5 Other methods 4.11—Returned concrete 4.11.1 Admixtures 4.11.2 Mechanical methods CHAPTER 5— PLACING CONCRETE 5.1— General considerations 5.2—Planning |
| 20 | 5.3—Reinforcement and embedded items 5.4—Placing 5.4.1 Precautions 5.4.2 Equipment 5.4.2.1 Buckets and hoppers 5.4.2.2 Manual or motor-propelled buggies 5.4.2.3 Chutes and drop chutes |
| 21 | 5.4.2.4 Paving equipment 5.4.2.5 Slipforming 5.5—Consolidation 5.6—Mass concreting CHAPTER 6— FORMS, JOINT PREPARATION, AND FINISHING 6.1— Forms |
| 23 | 6.2—Joint preparation 6.3—Finishing unformed surfaces |
| 24 | CHAPTER 7— PREPLACED-AGGREGATE CONCRETE 7.1—General considerations 7.2—Materials 7.2.1 Cement 7.2.2 Coarse aggregate 7.2.3 Fine aggregate 7.2.4 Pozzolan 7.2.5 Admixtures 7.2.5.1 Grout fluidifier 7.2.5.2 Calcium chloride |
| 25 | 7.3—Grout proportioning 7.3.1 Cementitious materials 7.3.2 Fine aggregate 7.3.3 Proportioning requirements 7.3.4 Consistency of grout 7.4—Temperature control 7.5—Forms 7.6—Grout pipe systems 7.6.1 Delivery pipes 7.6.2 Grout insertion pipes |
| 26 | 7.6.3 Vent pipes 7.7—Coarse aggregate placement 7.7.1 Preparation for placement 7.7.2 Aggregate placement 7.7.3 Contamination 7.8—Grout mixing and pumping 7.8.1 Mixers 7.8.2 Pumps 7.8.3 Grout injection |
| 27 | 7.8.4 Grout surface determination 7.9—Joint construction 7.9.1 Cold joints 7.9.2 Construction joints 7.10—Finishing 7.11—Quality control CHAPTER 8— CONCRETE PLACED UNDER WATER 8.1— General considerations |
| 28 | 8.1.1 Scope 8.1.2 Methods available 8.1.3 Basic technique 8.2—Materials 8.2.1 General requirements 8.2.2 Aggregates 8.2.3 Admixtures 8.3—Mixture proportioning 8.3.1 Basic proportions 8.3.2 Final selection 8.4—Concrete production and testing 8.4.1 Production sampling and testing 8.4.2 Concrete temperature 8.5—Tremie equipment and placement procedure 8.5.1 Tremie pipes |
| 29 | 8.5.2 Placement procedures 8.5.2.1 Pipe spacing 8.5.2.2 Starting placements 8.5.2.3 Placing 8.5.2.4 Horizontal distribution of concrete |
| 30 | 8.5.3 Postplacement evaluation 8.6—Direct pumping 8.7—Concrete characteristics 8.8—Precautions 8.8.1 Inspection 8.8.2 Loss of seal 8.8.3 Go-devils 8.8.4 Laitance |
| 31 | 8.8.5 Cracking 8.8.5.1 Cement content 8.8.5.2 Placement environment 8.8.5.3 Volume 8.8.5.4 Restraint 8.8.6 Detailing 8.8.7 Preplacement planning 8.8.8 Personnel 8.9—Special applications 8.9.1 Fabric forming 8.9.2 Diaphragm-wall construction |
| 32 | 8.10—Antiwashout admixtures CHAPTER 9— PUMPING CONCRETE 9.1— General considerations 9.2—Pumping equipment 9.3—Pipeline and accessories 9.3.1 General |
| 33 | 9.3.2 Pipeline components 9.4—Proportioning pumpable concrete 9.4.1 Basic considerations 9.4.2 Coarse aggregate 9.4.3 Fine aggregate 9.4.4 Combined normalweight aggregates 9.4.5 Water |
| 34 | 9.4.6 Cementitious materials 9.4.7 Admixtures 9.5—Field practice 9.6—Field Control CHAPTER 10— CONVEYING CONCRETE 10.1— General considerations 10.2—Conveyor operation |
| 35 | 10.3—Conveyor design 10.4—Types of concrete conveyors 10.4.1 Portable conveyors |
| 36 | 10.4.2 Feeder conveyors 10.4.3 Spreading conveyors 10.4.3.1 Radial spreaders 10.4.3.2 Side-discharge conveyors 10.4.3.3 Conveyor combinations 10.5—Field practice |
| 37 | CHAPTER 11— HEAVYWEIGHT AND RADIATION- SHIELDING CONCRETE 11.1—General considerations 11.2—Materials 11.2.1 General 11.2.2 Aggregate 11.2.3 Proprietary premixed mortar 11.3—Concrete characteristics 11.3.1 Physical properties |
| 38 | 11.3.2 Mixture proportioning 11.4—Mixing equipment 11.5—Formwork 11.6—Placement 11.6.1 Conventional method |
| 39 | 11.6.2 Preplaced-aggregate method 11.7—Quality control 11.7.1 Samples and testing 11.7.2 Control tests |
| 40 | 11.7.3 Inspection CHAPTER 12— LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURAL CONCRETE 12.1— General considerations 12.2—Measuring and batching 12.2.1 Free water and absorbed water 12.2.2 Unit-weight variations 12.2.3 Volume-weight batching of coarse aggregate |
| 41 | 12.2.3.1 Calibrating the weighing hopper 12.2.4 Batching lightweight fine aggregate 12.3—Mixing 12.3.1 Charging mixers 12.3.1.1 Stationary mixers 12.3.1.2 Truck mixers 12.3.2 Mixer operation |
| 42 | 12.4—Job controls CHAPTER 13— VOLUMETRIC-MEASURING AND CONTINUOUS- MIXING CONCRETE EQUIPMENT 13.1— General Considerations 13.2—Operations 13.3—Fresh concrete properties |
| 43 | CHAPTER 14— REFERENCES 14.1— Referenced standards and reports |
| 44 | 14.2—Cited references |
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