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ASHRAE Standard 55 2020 2021

ASHRAE Standard 55 2020 2021

$72.04

ASHRAE Standard 55-2020 — Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy (ANSI Approved)

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASHRAE 2021 80
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ASHRAE Standard 55 specifies conditions for acceptable thermalenvironments and is intended for use in design, operation, and commissioning ofbuildings and other occupied spaces. The 2020 edition of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55 incorporates eight publishedaddenda to the 2017 edition. This version steers users toward the analyticalmethod (and companion elevated airspeed method) and replaces the graphicalmethod with a series of examples that use the analytical method. With multiple freelyavailable third-party implementations of the analytical method, barriers to itsuse have been greatly reduced, allowing for greater flexibility and accuracythan with the graphical method. The standard includes a separate adaptive model for determiningacceptable thermal conditions in occupant-controlled naturally conditioned spaces,with newly expanded applicability in this version. Users are now allowed to usethe adaptive model when an air-conditioning unit is installed but notoperating. Other noteworthy additions to the standard include the additionof a new method for the avoidance of draft risk at the ankle region, as well asnew Thermal Environmental Control Classification Levels that document how muchcontrol an occupant has over their thermal environment. These levels were addedto Section 6 of the standard and are required elements of documentingcompliance with Standard 55.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
3 CONTENTS
4 FOREWORD
1. PURPOSE
2. SCOPE
2.1 The environmental factors addressed in this standard are temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, and air speed; the personal factors are those of activity and clothing.
2.2 It is intended that all of the criteria in this standard be applied together, as comfort in the indoor environment is complex and responds to the interaction of all of the factors that are addressed herein.
2.3 This standard specifies thermal environmental conditions acceptable for healthy adults at atmospheric pressure equivalent to altitudes up to 3000 m (10,000 ft) in indoor spaces designed for human occupancy for periods not less than 15 minutes.
5 2.4 This standard does not address such nonthermal environmental factors as air quality, acoustics, illumination, or other physical, chemical, or biological space contaminants that may affect comfort or health.
2.5 This standard shall not be used to override any safety, health, or critical process requirements.
3. DEFINITIONS
7 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Where information is required to be identified in this standard, it shall be documented in accordance with and in addition to the requirements in Section 6.
4.2 Identify all of the space types to which the standard is being applied and any locations within a space to which it is not applied.
4.3 For each space type, at least one representative occupant shall be identified. If any known set of occupants is excluded from consideration then these excluded occupants shall be identified.
8 4.4 For each representative occupant, the metabolic rate M in mets and the insulation I in clo shall be determined.
4.5 The thermal environment required for comfort is determined in accordance with Section 5 of this standard.
5. CONDITIONS THAT PROVIDE THERMAL COMFORT
5.1 General Requirements. Section 5 of this standard shall be used to determine the acceptable thermal environment for each representative occupant of a space. Section 5.2 is used to determine representative occupant characteristics.
5.2 Method for Determining Occupant Characteristics
13 5.3 Method for Determining Acceptable Thermal Environment in Occupied Spaces. Section 5.3 is permitted to be used to determine the requirements for thermal comfort in all occupied spaces within the scope of this standard.
21 5.4 Determining Acceptable Thermal Conditions in Occupant-Controlled Naturally Conditioned Spaces (Adaptive Model)
23 6. DESIGN COMPLIANCE
6.1 Design. Building systems (i.e., combinations of mechanical systems, control systems, and thermal enclosures) shall be designed so that at outdoor and indoor design conditions they are able to maintain the occupied space or spaces at indoor therma…
6.2 Documentation. The method and design conditions appropriate for the intended use of the building shall be selected and documented as follows. (Informative Note: Some of the requirements in items (a) through (h) below are not applicable to natural…
25 7. EVALUATION OF COMFORT IN EXISTING BUILDINGS
7.1 Introduction. Evaluation of comfort in existing buildings is not a requirement of this standard. When such evaluation is otherwise required (e.g., by code or another standard) use one of the following methods:
7.2 Criteria for Comfort in Existing Buildings
26 7.3 Measurement Methods
27 7.4 Evaluation Methods
28 8. REFERENCES
29 NORMATIVE APPENDIX A: METHODS FOR DETERMINING OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE
30 NORMATIVE APPENDIX B: COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CALCULATION OF PMV-PPD
32 NORMATIVE APPENDIX C: PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING COMFORT IMPACT OF SOLAR GAIN ON OCCUPANTS
C1. CALCULATION PROCEDURE
33 C2. INPUTS TO CALCULATION PROCEDURE
37 C3. COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING COMFORT IMPACT OF SOLAR GAIN ON OCCUPANTS
39 C4. COMPUTER CODE VALIDATION TABLE
40 NORMATIVE APPENDIX D PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING COOLING EFFECT OF ELEVATED AIR SPEED USING SET
D1. Calculation Overview
D2. CALCULATION PROCEDURE
41 D3. Validation Table for SET Calculation
42 D4. Computer Program for Calculation of Set
45 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E: CONDITIONS THAT PROVIDE THERMAL COMFORT
E1. Introduction
E2. Thermal Comfort Factors
E3. Variation among Occupants
E4. Temporal Variation
E5. Local Thermal Discomfort
46 E6. Variation in Activity Level
E7. Naturally Conditioned Spaces
47 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX F: USE OF METABOLIC RATE DATA
48 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX G: CLOTHING INSULATION
50 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX H: COMFORT ZONE METHODS
H1. Determining Acceptable Thermal Conditions in Occupied Spaces
H2. ANALYTICAL COMFORT ZONE METHOD
51 H3. ELEVATED AIR-SPEED COMFORT ZONE METHOD
H4. Humidity Limits
52 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX I: LOCAL DISCOMFORT AND VARIATIONS WITH TIME
I1. Local Thermal Discomfort
I2. Radiant Temperature Asymmetry
I3. Draft
54 I4. Vertical Air Temperature Difference
I5. Floor Surface Temperature
I6. Temperature Variations with Time
55 I7. Cyclic Variations
I8. Drifts or Ramps
57 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX J: OCCUPANT-CONTROLLED NATURALLY CONDITIONED SPACES
60 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX K: SAMPLE DESIGN COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTATION
63 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX L: MEASUREMENTS, SURVEYS, AND EVALUATION OF COMFORT IN EXISTING SPACES: PARTS 1 AND 2
L1. PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS
L1.1 Overview of Comfort Prediction Using Physical Measurements. Measurements of indoor environmental parameters are converted to predictions of occupantsā€™ thermal satisfaction through calculations and tests against comfort limits.
L1.2 Environmental and Occupant Measurements. Environmental parameters are described in Section 5.1, and their measurement requirements are described in Section 7.3. For nonsteady conditions, the Section 7.3.3 prescribes measurement timing.
L2. SURVEYING OCCUPANTS
64 L2.1 Point-in-time (ā€œright-nowā€) surveys are used to evaluate thermal sensations of occupants at a single point in time. Thermal comfort researchers have used these surveys to correlate thermal comfort with environmental factors such as those inc…
L2.2 A second form of thermal environment survey, a satisfaction survey, is used to evaluate thermal comfort response of the building occupants in a certain span of time. Instead of evaluating thermal sensations and environmental variables indirectly…
68 L3. Evaluation of Comfort in Existing Spaces
L3.1 Analysis Based on Occupant Surveys. Surveys can assess comfort directly, in contrast to the indirect approach of calculating comfort through comfort models using measured environmental variables.
70 L3.2 Analysis Based on Measurements of Environmental Variables. Environmental measurements are linked to occupant comfort through comfort models. Two comfort models, PMV and adaptive, are specific to mechanically conditioned and naturally ventilated …
72 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX M: INFORMATIVE REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
76 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX N: ADDENDA DESCRIPTION

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