ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922. ASME B31.5 covers refrigerant, heat transfer components, and secondary coolant piping for temperatures as low as -320°F (-196°C), whether erected on the premises or factory assembled. Users are advised that other piping Code Sections may provide requirements for refrigeration piping in their respective jurisdictions. This Code does not apply to any self-contained or unit systems subject to the requirements of Underwriters Laboratories or other nationally recognized testing laboratory. It also does not apply to water piping; piping designed for external or internal gage pressure not exceeding 15 psi (105 kPa) regardless of size; or pressure vessels, compressors, or pumps. However, B31.5 does include all connecting refrigerant and secondary coolant piping starting at the first joint adjacent to such apparatus. Key changes to this edition include revisions to sections on flange facings, bolting for cast iron flanges, and grey iron and malleable iron materials. B31.5 prescribes comprehensive solutions for materials, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, testing and inspection. It also serves as a companion to ASME’s B31.1 Code on Power Piping as well as to the other codes in ASME’s B31 series. Together, they remain essential references for anyone engaged with piping. Careful application of these B31 codes will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for designers, owners, regulators, inspectors, and manufacturers of refrigeration piping and heat transfer components.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
4	CONTENTS
6	FOREWORD
7	ASME B31 COMMITTEE ROSTER
9	INTRODUCTION
11	SUMMARY OF CHANGES
12	Chapter I Scope and Definitions 500 GENERAL STATEMENTS 500.1 Scope 500.1.1 500.1.3 500.2 Definitions
15	Tables Table 500.2-1 Refrigerant Safety Classifications
17	Table 500.2-2 Safety Classifications for Refrigerant Blends
18	500.3 Nomenclature
19	Chapter II Design PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA 501 DESIGN CONDITIONS 501.1 General 501.2 Pressure 501.2.2 Internal Design Pressure. 501.2.3 External Design Pressure. 501.2.4 Minimum Design Pressure. 501.2.5 Minimum Design Pressure for Specific Service 501.3 Temperature 501.3.1 Brittle Fracture. 501.4 Ambient Influences 501.4.1 Ambient Temperature. 501.4.2 Fluid Expansion Effects Increased Pressure. 501.5 Dynamic Effects 501.5.1 Impact. 501.5.2 Wind. 501.5.3 Earthquake Seismic Forces.
20	501.5.4 Vibration. 501.5.5 Discharge Reactions. 501.6 Weight Effects 501.6.1 Live Loads. 501.6.2 Dead Loads. 501.6.3 Test Loads. 501.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads 502 DESIGN CRITERIA 502.1 General 502.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria for Piping Components 502.2.1 Components Having Specific Ratings. 502.2.2 Ratings: Normal Operating Conditions. 502.2.3 Ratings: Allowance for Variations From Normal Operation. 502.2.4 Considerations for Local Conditions and Transitions. 502.2.5 Standards and Specifications. 502.2.6 Use of Criteria. 502.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Limits 502.3.1 Allowable Stress Values
21	Table 502.3.1 Maximum Allowable Stress Values, ksi
33	502.3.2 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads and Thermal Expansion or Contraction
34	502.3.3 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads 502.4 Allowances 502.4.1 Corrosion and Erosion. Figures Fig. 502.3.2 Stress Range Reduction Factors
35	502.4.2 Threading and Grooving. 502.4.3 Mechanical Strength. PART 2 DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS 503 CRITERIA FOR DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS 504 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS 504.1 Straight Pipe 504.1.1 General 504.1.2 Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure.
36	504.1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure. 504.2 Curved Segments of Pipe 504.2.1 Pipe Bends. 504.2.2 Elbows. 504.3 Intersections 504.3.1 Branch Connections
38	Fig. 504.3.1-1 Reinforcement of Branch Connections
40	Fig. 504.3.1-2 Extruded Outlet Header Notation
41	504.3.2 Openings in Closures
42	504.3.3 Miters. Fig. 504.3.1-3 Mechanically Formed Tee Connections in Copper Materials
43	504.3.4 Attachments. 504.4 Closures 504.4.1 General 504.4.2 Flat Plate Closures. 504.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks 504.5.1 General
44	504.5.2 Blind Flanges. 504.5.3 Blanks 504.6 Headers 504.7 Design of Other Pressure-Containing Components PART 3 DESIGN APPLICATION OF PIPING COMPONENTS SELECTION AND LIMITATIONS 505 PIPE 505.1 General 505.1.1 Additional Limitations for Carbon Steel Pipe.
45	505.1.2 Additional Limitations for Cast Iron Pipe. 505.1.3 Pressure Design of Other Piping Components. 505.2 Nonferrous Pipe or Tube 505.2.1 505.2.2 506 FITTINGS, BENDS, AND INTERSECTIONS 506.1 Fittings 506.1.1 General. 506.1.2 Bell and Spigot Fittings. 506.2 Bends and Intersections 506.3 Limitation on Materials for Fittings 507 VALVES Fig. 504.5.3 Blanks
46	508 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, GASKETS, AND BOLTING 508.1 Flanges 508.1.1 General. 508.1.2 Screwed Flanges. 508.2 Blanks 508.3 Flange Facings 508.4 Gaskets 508.5 Bolting 508.5.1 General. 508.5.2 Bolting for Cast Iron Flanges. PART 4 SELECTION AND LIMITATIONS OF PIPING JOINTS 510 PIPING JOINTS 510.1 General 511 WELDED JOINTS 511.1 General 511.2 Butt Welds 511.3 Socket Welds 511.3.1 511.3.2
47	511.3.3 511.4 Fillet Welds 511.5 Seal Welds 512 FLANGED JOINTS 513 EXPANDED JOINTS 514 THREADED JOINTS 515 FLARED, FLARELESS, AND COMPRESSION JOINTS 515.1 Selection and Application 515.2 Piping Joints With Applicable Standards 515.3 Piping Joints Without Applicable Standards Table 514 Minimum Thickness of External Threaded Components
48	517 BRAZED AND SOLDERED JOINTS 518 SLEEVE COUPLED AND OTHER NOVEL OR PATENTED JOINTS PART 5 EXPANSION, FLEXIBILITY, STRUCTURAL ATTACHMENTS, SUPPORTS, AND RESTRAINTS 519 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY 519.1 General 519.1.1 Objectives. 519.1.2 Expansion Strains. 519.2 Concepts 519.2.1 Stress Range. 519.2.2 Expansion Range.
49	519.2.3 Cold Spring. 519.2.4 Local Overstrain. 519.3 Properties 519.3.1 Unit Thermal Expansion Range. 519.3.2 Moduli of Elasticity. 519.3.3 PoissonŒs Ratio. 519.3.4 Allowable Expansion Stress Range. 519.3.5 Dimensions. 519.3.6 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors. 519.4 Analysis for Bending Flexibility 519.4.1 Calculations/Tests.
50	519.4.2 Flexibility. 519.4.3 Methods of Analysis. Table 519.3.1 Thermal Expansion Data, e (IP and SI)
51	Table 519.3.2 Moduli of Elasticity, E (IP and SI)
52	Table 519.3.6 Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i
55	519.4.4 Standard Assumptions. 519.4.5 Flexibility Stresses 519.4.6 Reactions. Fig. 519.4.5-1 Bends
56	519.4.7 Reaction Limits. 519.4.8 Movements. Fig. 519.4.5-2 Branch Connections
57	520 DESIGN OF PIPE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS 520.1 General 520.1.1 Objectives. 520.1.2 Allowable Stresses in Piping. 520.1.3 Allowable Stresses in Piping Support and Restraint Components 520.1.4 Materials — Steel. 520.1.5 Materials Other Than Those in Para. 520.1.4. 520.1.6 Protective Coatings
58	520.1.7 Threaded Components. 521 DESIGN LOADS FOR PIPE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS 521.1 General 521.1.1 521.1.2 521.1.3 521.1.4 521.2 Resilient Variable-Support and Constant-Support Types 521.3 Design Details 521.3.1 General 521.3.2 Spring Supports. 521.3.3 Counterweights.
59	521.3.4 Hydraulic-Type Supports. 521.3.5 Sway Braces or Vibration Dampeners. Table 521.3.1 Minimum Sizes of Straps, Rods, and Chains for Hangers
60	Chapter III Materials 523 MATERIALS — GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 523.1 Materials and Specifications 523.1.1 Listed Materials 523.1.2 Unlisted Materials. 523.1.3 Unknown Materials. 523.1.4 Reclaimed Materials. 523.2 Limitations on Materials 523.2.1 General. 523.2.2 Impact Tests.
61	Table 523.1 Acceptable Materials — Specifications
64	Fig. 523.2.2 Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing
65	523.2.3 Gray Iron and Malleable Iron. 523.2.4 Ductile Nodular Iron. 523.2.5 Clad and Lined Materials. 523.2.6 Nonmetallic Pressure-Containing Components. Table 523.2.2 Impact Exemption Temperatures
66	523.3 Deterioration of Materials in Service 524 MATERIALS APPLIED TO MISCELLANEOUS PARTS 524.1 Gaskets 524.2 Bolting
67	Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements 526 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS 526.1 Standard Piping Components 526.2 Nonstandard Piping Components 526.3 Threads
68	Table 526.1 Dimensional Standards
69	Chapter V Fabrication and Assembly 527 WELDING 527.1 Material 527.1.1 Electrodes and Filler Metal. 527.1.2 Backing Rings. 527.2 Preparation 527.2.1 Butt Welds
70	Fig. 527.1.2 Typical Joints With Backing Ring Fig. 527.2.1-1 Butt Welding End Preparation Fig. 527.2.1-2 Internal Trimming for Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment
71	527.2.2 Fillet Welds. 527.3 Procedure 527.3.1 General. 527.3.2 Butt Welds Fig. 527.3.3-1 Fillet Weld Size
72	527.3.3 Socket and Fillet Welds. 527.3.4 Seal Welds. 527.3.5 Welded Branch Connections Fig. 527.3.3-2 Welding Details for Slip-On and Socket Welding Flanges, and Some Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds Fig. 527.3.3-3 Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges
73	Fig. 527.3.5-1 Typical Welded Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement Fig. 527.3.5-2 Typical Welded Branch Connection With Additional Reinforcement Fig. 527.3.5-3 Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement
74	Fig. 527.3.5-4 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment Details Showing Minimum Acceptable Welds
75	Fig. 527.3.5-5 Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings
76	527.3.6 Welded Flat Plate Closures. 527.3.7 Heat Treatment for Welds. 527.4 Responsibility 527.4.1 Qualification Requirements. 527.4.2 Standard Welding Procedures. 527.4.3 Procedure Qualification by Others. 527.4.4 Performance Qualification by Others.
77	Fig. 527.3.6-1 Acceptable Welds for Flat Plate Closures
78	527.5 Qualification Records 527.6 Defect Repairs 528 BRAZING AND SOLDERING 528.1 Brazing Materials 528.1.1 Filler Metal. 528.1.2 Flux. 528.2 Brazing Preparation and Procedures 528.2.1 Surface and Joint Preparation. 528.2.2 Joint Clearance. 528.2.3 Heating. 528.2.4 Brazing Qualification. 528.2.5 Oil. 528.3 Soldering Materials 528.3.1 Solder. Fig. 527.3.6-2 Unacceptable Welds for Flat Plate Closures
79	528.3.2 Flux. 528.4 Soldering Preparation and Procedure 528.4.1 Surface Preparation. 528.4.2 Joint Clearance. 528.4.3 Heating. 528.4.4 Procedure. 529 BENDING — HOT AND COLD 529.1 Radii of Bends 529.2 Procedure 529.3 Heat Treatment 530 FORMING 530.1 Procedure 530.2 Heat Treatment 531 HEAT TREATMENT 531.1 Heating and Cooling Method 531.2 Preheating 531.2.1 531.2.2 531.2.3 531.3 Postheat Treatment 531.3.1 531.3.2 531.3.3
80	531.3.4 531.3.5 531.3.6 531.3.7 531.3.8 531.3.9 Local Postheat Treatment 535 ASSEMBLY 535.1 General 535.2 Bolting Procedure 535.2.1 535.2.2 535.2.3 535.2.4 535.2.5 535.3 Threaded Piping 535.3.1 535.3.2 535.3.3 535.3.4 535.3.5 535.4 Welded Joints 535.5 Brazed Sleeve Joints 535.6 Soldered Sleeve Joints
81	Table 531.2.1 Heat Treatment of Welds
83	535.7 Flare Type Fitting Joints 535.8 Flareless and Compression-Type Fitting Joints 535.9 Assembly of Hangers 535.10 Piping Identification
84	Chapter VI Examination, Inspection, and Testing 536 EXAMINATION 536.1 Definition 536.2 Responsibility 536.3 Examination Personnel Qualification and Certification 536.4 Required Examination 536.4.1 Visual Examination. 536.4.2 Additional Examination for Groups A3 and B3 Piping. 536.4.3 Defects
85	536.5 Supplementary Examination 536.6 Types of Examinations 536.6.1 General 536.6.2 In-Process Examination. 536.6.3 Radiographic Examination 536.6.4 Ultrasonic Examination
86	536.6.5 Special Methods. 537 INSPECTION 537.1 Definition 537.2 Responsibility 537.3 Rights of Inspectors 537.4 Qualifications of the OwnerŒs Inspector 538 TESTING 538.1 Testing Before Erection or Assembly 538.2 Preparation for Testing 538.3 Factory Testing of Refrigerant Piping 538.4 Field Testing of Refrigerant Piping 538.4.1 General Requirements. 538.4.2 Pressure Test
87	538.4.3 Leak Test. 538.5 Testing Medium for Refrigerant Piping 538.6 Pressure Tests for Secondary Coolant Piping 538.7 Pressure Gages 538.8 Repair of Joints 539 RECORDS 539.1 Definition 539.2 Responsibility 539.3 Extent and Retention of Records
88	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A REFERENCED STANDARDS
91	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES B-1 INTRODUCTION B-2 REQUIREMENTS B-3 SUBMITTAL
92	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C SELECTING APPLICABLE PIPING CODES C-1 GENERAL C-2 ASME B31 CODES C-2.1 ASME B31.1 Power Piping C-2.2 ASME B31.3 Process Piping C-2.3 ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries C-2.4 ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components C-2.5 ASME B31.8 Gas Transportation and Distribution Piping Systems
93	C-2.6 ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping C-2.6.1 C-2.6.2 C-2.7 ASME B31.11 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems1 C-3 OTHER PIPING CODES
94	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D NOMENCLATURE
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Standard Title	ASME B31.5 – 2016: Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components
Published Code	ASME
Publication Date	2016
Pages Count	102

ASME B31.5 2016

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