Since its first issuance in 1914, ASME’s Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) has pioneered modern standards-development, maintaining a commitment to enhance public safety and technological advancement to meet the needs of a changing world. More than 100,000 copies of the BPVC are in use in 100 countries around the world. Product Scope / Abstract This Division of Section VIII provides requirements applicable to the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and certification of pressure vessels operating at either internal or external pressures exceeding 15 psig. Such vessels may be fired or unfired. This pressure may be obtained from an external source or by the application of heat from a direct or indirect source, or any combination thereof. These rules provide an alternative to the minimum requirements for pressure vessels under Division 1 rules. In comparison the Division 1, Division 2 requirements on materials, design, and nondestructive examination are more rigorous; however, higher design stress intensify values are permitted. Division 2 rules cover only vessels to be installed in a fixed location for a specific service where operation and maintenance control is retained during the useful life of the vessel by the user who prepares or causes to be prepared the design specifications. These rules may also apply to human occupancy pressure vessels typically in the diving industry. Rules pertaining to the use of the U2 and UV ASME Product Certification Marks are also included. Careful application of this Section will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for manufacturers, users, constructors, designers and others concerned with the design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection and testing of pressure vessels, plus all potential governing entities.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
63	1.1 Year of Acceptable Edition of Referenced Standards in This Division
68	1-C.1 Typical Size or Thickness Conversions for Fractions 1-C.2 Typical Size or Thickness Conversions
69	1-C.3 Typical Size or Length Conversions 1-C.4 Typical Nominal Pipe Size Conversions
70	1-C.5 Typical Area Conversions 1-C.6 Typical Volume Conversions 1-C.7 Typical Pressure Conversions
71	1-C.8 Typical Strength Conversions 1-C.9 Typical Temperature Conversions
72	1-C.10 Conversion Factors
80	2-A.1 Typical Certification of Compliance of the User’s Design Specification
82	2-B.1 Typical Certification of Compliance of the Manufacturer’s Design Report
86	2-D.1 Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s Data Reports
88	2-D.2 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer’s Data Reports for Layered Vessels
89	A-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Vessels
92	A-1P Manufacturer’s Data Report for Plate Heat Exchangers
94	A-2 Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report
96	A-3 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
97	A-3L Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet
98	A-4 Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplementary Sheet Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
106	2-F.1 Form of Stamping
110	2-H.1 Instructions for the Preparation of a Certificate of Authorization
111	2-H.1 Sample Certificate of Authorization
145	3.1 Material Specifications 3.2 Composition Requirements for 2.25Cr–1Mo–0.25V Weld Metal 3.3 Toughness Requirements for 2.25Cr–1Mo Materials
146	3.4 Low Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to Part 4, 4.16
147	3.5 High Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to Part 4, 4.16 3.6 Aluminum Alloy, Copper, and Copper Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to Part 4, 4.16
148	3.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to Part 4, 4.16 3.8 Bolting Materials for Use With Flanges Designed to Part 5 3.9 Maximum Severity Levels for Castings With a Thickness of Less Than 50 mm (2 in.)
149	3.10 Maximum Severity Levels for Castings With a Thickness of 50 mm to 305 mm (2 in. to 12 in.) 3.11 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below the Minimum Design Metal Temperature 3.12 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.3 and 3.3M)
150	3.13 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.4 and 3.4M) 3.14 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.7 and 3.7M)
151	3.15 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.8 and 3.8M) 3.16 Reduction in the MDMT, TR, Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT (See Figures 3.12 and 3.12M)
152	3.17 Reduction in the MDMT, TR, Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts (See Figures 3.13 and 3.13M)
153	3.18 Required HAZ Impact Test Specimen Set Removal
154	3.1 Cr–Mo Heat Treatment Criteria
155	3.2 Typical Locations for Tensile Specimens
156	3.3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
157	3.3M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
158	3.4 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts
159	3.4M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels as a Function of the Minimum Specified Yield Strength — Parts Subject to PWHT or Nonwelded Parts
160	3.5 Illustration of Lateral Expansion in a Broken Charpy V-Notch Specimen
161	3.6 Lateral Expansion Requirements 3.6M Lateral Expansion Requirements
162	3.7 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
164	3.7M Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
166	3.8 Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
168	3.8M Impact Test Exemption Curves — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
170	3.9 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
171	3.10 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
172	3.11 Typical Vessel Details Illustrating the Governing Thickness
173	3.12 Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
174	3.12M Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Not Subject to PWHT
175	3.13 Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
176	3.13M Reduction in the MDMT Without Impact Testing — Parts Subject to PWHT and Nonwelded Parts
177	3.14 Orientation and Location of Transverse Charpy V-Notch Specimens
178	3.15 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content 3.16 HAZ Impact Specimen Removal
180	3-A.1 Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Materials
185	3-A.2 Quenched and Tempered High Strength Steels
186	3-A.3 High Alloy Steel
191	3-A.4 Aluminum Alloys
192	3-A.5 Copper Alloys 3-A.6 Nickel and Nickel Alloys
195	3-A.7 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
196	3-A.8 Ferrous Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
197	3-A.9 Aluminum Alloy and Copper Alloy Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4
198	3-A.10 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 4 3-A.11 Bolting Materials for Design in Accordance With Part 5
205	3-D.1 Stress–Strain Curve Parameters 3-D.2 Cyclic Stress–Strain Curve Data
207	3-D.2M Cyclic Stress–Strain Curve Data
213	3-F.1 Smooth Bar Fatigue Curve Stress Amplitude Correction Equations 3-F.2 Coefficients for the Welded Joint Fatigue Curves
214	3-F.2M Coefficients for the Welded Joint Fatigue Curves
215	3-F.1 Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σuts ≤ 80 ksi 3-F.1M Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°C — σuts ≤ 552 MPa
216	3-F.2 Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σuts = 115 ksi to 130 ksi 3-F.2M Fatigue Curve for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy, and High Tensile Strength Steels for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°C — σuts = 793 MPa to 892 MPa
217	3-F.3 Fatigue Curve for Series 3XX High Alloy Steels, Nickel–Chromium–Iron Alloy, Nickel–Iron–Chromium Alloy, and Nickel–Copper Alloy for Temperatures Not Exceeding 800°F 3-F.3M Fatigue Curve for Series 3XX High Alloy Steels, Nickel–Chromium–Iron Alloy, Nickel–Iron–Chromium Alloy, and Nickel–Copper Alloy for Temperatures Not Exceeding 427°C
218	3-F.4 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys ≤ 18 ksi 3-F.4M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°C — σys ≤ 134 MPa
219	3-F.5 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys = 30 ksi 3-F.5M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°C — σys = 207 MPa
220	3-F.6 Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — σys = 45 ksi 3-F.6M Fatigue Curve for Wrought 70–30 Copper–Nickel for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°C — σys = 310 MPa
221	3-F.7 Fatigue Curve for Nickel–Chromium–Molybdenum–Iron, Alloys X, G, C-4, and C-276 for Temperatures Not Exceeding 800°F
222	3-F.7M Fatigue Curve for Nickel–Chromium–Molybdenum–Iron, Alloys X, G, C-4, and C-276 for Temperatures Not Exceeding 427°C
223	3-F.8 Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — Maximum Nominal Stress ≤ 2.7SM
224	3-F.8M Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°C — Maximum Nominal Stress ≤ 2.7SM
226	3-F.9 Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 700°F — Maximum Nominal Stress > 2.7SM 3-F.9M Fatigue Curve for High Strength Bolting for Temperatures Not Exceeding 371°C — Maximum Nominal Stress > 2.7SM
232	4.1.1 Design Loads
233	4.1.2 Design Load Combinations 4.1.3 Load Factor, β, and Pressure Test Factors, βT, γmin, and γSt/S, for Class 1 and Class 2 Construction and Hydrostatic or Pneumatic Testing
240	4.2.1 Definition of Weld Categories 4.2.2 Definition of Weld Joint Types
241	4.2.3 Definition of Material Types for Welding and Fabrication Requirements 4.2.4 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Shell Seams
243	4.2.5 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Formed Heads
245	4.2.6 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Unstayed Flat Heads, Tubesheets Without a Bolting Flange, and Side Plates of Rectangular Pressure Vessels
246	4.2.7 Some Acceptable Weld Joints With Butt Weld Hubs
247	4.2.8 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Attachment of Tubesheets With a Bolting Flange
248	4.2.9 Some Acceptable Weld Joints for Flange Attachments
251	4.2.10 Some Acceptable Full Penetration Welded Nozzle Attachments Not Readily Radiographable
253	4.2.11 Some Acceptable Pad Welded Nozzle Attachments and Other Connections to Shells
255	4.2.12 Some Acceptable Fitting-Type Welded Nozzle Attachments and Other Connections to Shells
256	4.2.13 Some Acceptable Welded Nozzle Attachments That Are Readily Radiographable
258	4.2.14 Some Acceptable Partial Penetration Nozzle Attachments
259	4.2.15 Nozzle Necks Attached to Piping of Lesser Wall Thickness 4.2.16 Corner Welds for Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
261	4.2.1 Weld Joint Locations Typical of Categories A, B, C, D, and E 4.2.2 Some Bracket, Lug, and Stiffener Attachment Weld Details
263	4.2.3 Some Acceptable Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings
264	4.2.4 Some Acceptable Skirt Weld Details
278	4.3.1 Large End Junction
279	4.3.2 Small End Junction 4.3.3 Pressure Applied to Large End Junction
280	4.3.4 Equivalent Line Load Applied to Large End Junction
281	4.3.5 Pressure Applied to Small End Junction
282	4.3.6 Equivalent Line Load Applied to Small End Junction
283	4.3.7 Stress Calculations — Knuckle — Large End Cylinder
284	4.3.8 Stress Calculations — Flare — Small End Cylinder
286	4.3.1 Conical Shell 4.3.2 Offset Transition Detail
287	4.3.3 Torispherical Head of Uniform Thickness 4.3.4 Torispherical Head of Different Thickness of Dome and Knuckle 4.3.5 Ellipsoidal Head
288	4.3.6 Local Thin Band in a Cylindrical Shell
289	4.3.7 Shells Subjected to Supplemental Loadings
290	4.3.8 Conical Transition Details
291	4.3.9 Reinforcement Requirements for Conical Transition Junction
292	4.3.10 Parameters for Knuckle and Flare Design
309	4.4.1 Maximum Metal Temperature for Compressive Stress Rules
310	4.4.1 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Typical Vessel Configurations
311	4.4.2 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Cylindrical Shells
312	4.4.3 Stiffener Ring Parameters
313	4.4.4 Various Arrangements of Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure
314	4.4.5 Maximum Arc of Shell Left Unsupported Because of a Gap in the Stiffening Ring of a Cylindrical Shell Under External Pressure
315	4.4.6 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Conical Shells
316	4.4.7 Lines of Support or Unsupported Length for Unstiffened and Stiffened Conical Shell Transitions With or Without a Knuckle
337	4.5.1 Minimum Number of Pipe Threads for Connections 4.5.2 Nozzle Minimum Thickness Requirements
338	4.5.1 Nomenclature for Reinforced Openings
339	4.5.2 Nomenclature for Variable Thickness Openings
340	4.5.3 Radial Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
341	4.5.4 Hillside Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
342	4.5.5 Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell Oriented at an Angle From the Longitudinal Axis
343	4.5.6 Radial Nozzle in a Conical Shell
344	4.5.7 Nozzle in a Conical Shell Oriented Perpendicular to the Longitudinal Axis
345	4.5.8 Nozzle in a Conical Shell Oriented Parallel to the Longitudinal Axis
346	4.5.9 Radial Nozzle in a Formed Head
347	4.5.10 Hillside or Perpendicular Nozzle in a Spherical Shell or Formed Head
348	4.5.11 Example of Two Adjacent Nozzle Openings 4.5.12 Example of Three Adjacent Nozzle Openings
349	4.5.13 Metal Area Definition for A2 With Variable Thickness of Set-in Nozzles
350	4.5.14 Metal Area Definition for A2 With Variable Thickness of Set-on Nozzles
354	4.6.1 C Parameter for Flat Head Designs
358	4.6.2 Junction Stress Equations for an Integral Flat Head With Opening 4.6.3 Stress Acceptance Criteria for an Integral Flat Head With Opening
359	4.6.1 Integral Flat Head With a Large Central Opening
366	4.7.1 Type A Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange 4.7.1 Junction Stress Equations and Acceptance Criteria for a Type D Head
367	4.7.2 Type B Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange 4.7.3 Type C Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange
368	4.7.4 Type D Spherically Dished Cover With a Bolting Flange 4.7.5 Type D Head Geometry for Alternative Design Procedure
371	4.9.1 Stress Factor for Braced and Stayed Surfaces
372	4.9.1 Typical Forms of Welded Staybolts
374	4.10.1 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row 4.10.2 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row
375	4.10.3 Example of Tube Spacing With the Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row 4.10.4 Example of Tube Spacing With the Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines
376	4.10.5 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
377	4.10.6 Diagram for Determining the Equivalent Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells
381	4.11.1 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Shell
387	4.11.2 Design of Jacket Penetration Details
389	4.11.3 Coefficients for Eq. (4.11.5)
391	4.11.1 Types of Jacketed Vessels
392	4.11.2 Types of Partial Jackets
393	4.11.3 Half Pipe Jackets
403	4.12.1 Noncircular Vessel Configurations and Types
404	4.12.2 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 1 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section)
406	4.12.3 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 2 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Unequal Side Plate Thicknesses)
408	4.12.4 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 3 Noncircular Vessels (Chamfered Rectangular Cross Section)
409	4.12.5 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 4 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section)
411	4.12.6 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 5 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Rectangular Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
414	4.12.7 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 6 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Octagonal Cross Section With Chamfered Corners)
418	4.12.8 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 7 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
419	4.12.9 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 8 Noncircular Vessels (Rectangular Cross Section With Double-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
420	4.12.10 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 9 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section)
421	4.12.11 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 10 Noncircular Vessels (Reinforced Obround Cross Section)
423	4.12.12 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 11 Noncircular Vessels (Obround Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate or Multiple Bars)
424	4.12.13 Stress Calculations and Acceptance Criteria for Type 12 Noncircular Vessels (Circular Cross Section With Single-Stay Plate)
425	4.12.14 Effective Width Coefficient
426	4.12.15 Compressive Stress Calculations
427	4.12.1 Type 1 Noncircular Vessels
428	4.12.2 Type 2 Noncircular Vessels
429	4.12.3 Type 3 Noncircular Vessels
430	4.12.4 Type 4 Noncircular Vessels
431	4.12.5 Type 5 Noncircular Vessels
432	4.12.6 Type 6 Noncircular Vessels
433	4.12.7 Type 6 Noncircular Vessels
434	4.12.8 Type 7 Noncircular Vessels
435	4.12.9 Type 8 Noncircular Vessels
436	4.12.10 Type 9 Noncircular Vessels
437	4.12.11 Type 10 Noncircular Vessels
438	4.12.12 Type 11 Noncircular Vessels
439	4.12.13 Type 12 Noncircular Vessels 4.12.14 Multi-Diameter Holes
440	4.12.15 Rectangular Vessels With Multiple Compartments
447	4.13.1 Some Acceptable Layered Shell Types
448	4.13.2 Some Acceptable Layered Head Types
449	4.13.3 Transitions of Layered Shell Sections
450	4.13.4 Some Acceptable Welded Joints of Layered-to-Layered and Layered-to-Solid Sections
451	4.13.5 Some Acceptable Solid Head Attachments to Layered Shell Sections
453	4.13.6 Some Acceptable Flat Heads and Tubesheets With Hubs Joining Layered Shell Sections
454	4.13.7 Some Acceptable Flanges for Layered Shells
455	4.13.8 Some Acceptable Layered Head Attachments to Layered Shells
456	4.13.9 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachments to Layered Shell Sections
458	4.13.10 Some Acceptable Supports for Layered Vessels
459	4.13.11 Gap Between Vessel Layers 4.14.1 LTA Blend Radius Requirements
468	4.15.1 Stress Coefficients for Horizontal Vessels on Saddle Supports
469	4.15.1 Horizontal Vessel on Saddle Supports
470	4.15.2 Cylindrical Shell Without Stiffening Rings
471	4.15.3 Cylindrical Shell With Stiffening Rings in the Plane of the Saddle
472	4.15.4 Cylindrical Shell With Stiffening Rings on Both Sides of the Saddle
473	4.15.5 Locations of Maximum Longitudinal Normal Stress and Shear Stress in the Cylinder
474	4.15.6 Locations of Maximum Circumferential Normal Stresses in the Cylinder
475	4.15.7 Skirt Attachment Location on Vertical Vessels
476	4.15.8 A Typical Hot-Box Arrangement for Skirt Supported Vertical Vessels
483	4.16.1 Gasket Factors for Determining the Bolt Loads
484	4.16.2 Recommended Minimum Gasket Contact Width
485	4.16.3 Effective Gasket Width for Determining the Bolt Loads
487	4.16.4 Flange Stress Factors Equations Involving Diameter
489	4.16.5 Flange Stress Factor Equations
491	4.16.6 Moment Arms for Flange Loads for the Operating Condition 4.16.7 Flange Moments of Inertia
492	4.16.8 Flange Stress Equations 4.16.9 Flange Stress Acceptance Criteria
493	4.16.10 Flange Rigidity Criterion 4.16.11 Bolt Spacing Equations
494	4.16.1 Integral Type Flanges
495	4.16.2 Integral Type Flanges With a Hub
496	4.16.3 Integral Type Flanges With Nut Stops — Diameter Less Than or Equal to 450 mm (18 in.)
497	4.16.4 Integral Type Flanges With Nut Stops — Diameter Greater Than 450 mm (18 in.)
498	4.16.5 Loose Type Flanges
499	4.16.6 Loose Type Lap Joint Type Flanges
500	4.16.7 Reverse Flanges
501	4.16.8 Location of Gasket Reaction Load Diameter
508	4.17.1 Flange Stress Equations
509	4.17.2 Flange Stress Acceptance Criteria
510	4.17.1 Typical Hub and Clamp Configuration
511	4.17.2 Typical Clamp Lugs Configurations
550	4.18.1 Effective Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Hole Pattern
551	4.18.2 Effective Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern
552	4.18.3 Evaluation of Za, Zd, Zv, Zw, Zm, and Fm
553	4.18.4 Evaluation of Ft,min and Ft,max
554	4.18.5 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joint Load Cases and Stress Limits 4.18.6 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W* 4.18.7 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for the Design Condition
555	4.18.8 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for Each Operating Condition x 4.18.9 Load Combinations Required to Evaluate the Heat Exchanger for Each Operating Condition x
556	4.18.1 Terminology of Heat Exchanger Components
557	4.18.2 Tubesheet Geometry
558	4.18.3 Typical Untubed Lane Configurations
559	4.18.4 U-Tube Tubesheet Configurations
560	4.18.5 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations
561	4.18.6 Zd, Zv, Zw, and Zm Versus Xa
562	4.18.7 Fm Versus Xa (0.0 ≤ Q3 ≤ 0.8)
563	4.18.8 Fm Versus Xa (−0.8 ≤ Q3 ≤ 0.0)
564	4.18.9 Shell With Increased Thickness Adjacent to the Tubesheets
565	4.18.10 Floating Tubesheet Heat Exchangers
566	4.18.11 Stationary Tubesheet Configurations
567	4.18.12 Floating Tubesheet Configurations
568	4.18.13 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Strength Welds
569	4.18.14 Tube Layout Perimeter
570	4.18.15 Integral Channels 4.18.16 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the Tubesheet Flanged Extension, hr
571	4.18.17 Kettle Shell
582	4.19.1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Application of the Rules of 4.19
583	4.19.2 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
584	4.19.3 Method to Determine Coefficient Cp
585	4.19.4 Method to Determine Coefficient Cf 4.19.5 Method to Determine Coefficient Cd
586	4.19.6 Allowable Number of Cycles for U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows
587	4.19.7 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure
588	4.19.8 Allowable Number of Cycles for U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows
589	4.19.9 Stress Calculations and Acceptability Criteria for Toroidal Bellows Subject to Internal Pressure 4.19.10 Stress and Axial Stiffness Coefficients for Toroidal Bellows
590	4.19.11 Allowable Number of Cycles for Toroidal Bellows
592	4.19.1 Typical Bellows Expansion Joints
593	4.19.2 Starting Points for the Measurement of the Length of Shell on Each Side of Bellows
594	4.19.3 Possible Convolution Profile in Neutral Position 4.19.4 Dimensions to Determine Ixx
595	4.19.5 Bellows Subjected to an Axial Displacement x 4.19.6 Bellows Subjected to a Lateral Deflection y
596	4.19.7 Bellows Subjected to an Angular Rotation θ
597	4.19.8 Cyclic Displacements 4.19.9 Cyclic Displacements
598	4.19.10 Cyclic Displacements
599	4.19.11 Some Typical Expansion Bellows Attachment Welds
600	4.19.12 Cp Versus C1 and C2
601	4.19.13 Cf Versus C1 and C2
602	4.19.14 Cd Versus C1 and C2
603	4.19.1 Metric Form Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Bellows Expansion Joints, Metric Units
604	4.19.2 U.S. Customary Form Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Bellows Expansion Joints, U.S. Customary Units
607	4.20.1 Typical Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints
608	4.20.2 Typical Nozzle Attachment Details Showing Minimum Length of Straight Flange or Outer Shell Element
617	4-C.1 Efficiencies for Welded and/or Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
619	4-C.1 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
620	4-C.2 Typical Test Fixtures for Expanded or Welded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
627	TEXP-1 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS)
629	TEXP-1 Instructions for Filling Out TEPS Form
631	TEXP-2 Suggested Format for Tube-to-Tubesheet Expanding Procedure Qualification Record for Test Qualification (TEPQR)
661	5.1 Loads and Load Cases to Be Considered in a Design 5.2 Load Descriptions
662	5.3 Load Case Combinations and Allowable Stresses for an Elastic Analysis
663	5.4 Load Case Combinations and Load Factors for a Limit-Load Analysis 5.5 Load Case Combinations and Load Factors for an Elastic–Plastic Analysis
664	5.6 Examples of Stress Classification
666	5.7 Uniaxial Strain Limit for Use in Multiaxial Strain Limit Criterion 5.8 Temperature Factors for Fatigue-Screening Criteria
667	5.9 Fatigue-Screening Criteria for Method A 5.10 Fatigue-Screening Criteria Factors for Method B 5.11 Weld Surface Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors 5.12 Weld Surface Fatigue-Strength-Reduction Factors
668	5.13 Fatigue Penalty Factors for Fatigue Analysis
669	5.1 Stress Categories and Limits of Equivalent Stress
670	5.2 Example of Girth Weld Used to Tie Layers for Solid Wall Equivalence 5.3 Example of Circumferential Butt Weld Attachment Between Layered Sections in Zone of Discontinuity
671	5.4 An Example of Circle Weld Used to Tie Layers for Solid Wall Equivalence
676	5-A.1 Structural Stress Definitions for Continuum Finite Elements
677	5-A.2 Structural Stress Definitions for Shell or Plate Finite Elements
678	5-A.1 Stress Classification Line (SCL) and Stress Classification Plane (SCP)
679	5-A.2 Stress Classification Lines (SCLs)
680	5-A.3 Stress Classification Line Orientation and Validity Guidelines
681	5-A.4 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Stress Integration Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Continuum Elements
682	5-A.5 Continuum Finite Element Model Stress Classification Line for the Structural Stress Method
683	5-A.6 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Structural Stress Method Using Nodal Force Results From a Finite Element Model With Continuum Elements
684	5-A.7 Processing Nodal Force Results With the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Three-Dimensional Second Order Continuum Elements
685	5-A.8 Processing Structural Stress Method Results for a Symmetric Structural Stress Range
686	5-A.9 Computation of Membrane and Bending Equivalent Stresses by the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Shell Elements
687	5-A.10 Processing Nodal Force Results With the Structural Stress Method Using the Results From a Finite Element Model With Three-Dimensional Second Order Shell Elements
688	5-A.11 Element Sets for Processing Finite Element Nodal Stress Results With the Structural Stress Method Based on Stress Integration
699	5-D.1 Stress Indices for Nozzles in Spherical Shells and Portions of Formed Heads 5-D.2 Stress Indices for Nozzles in Cylindrical Shells
700	5-D.3 Stress Indices for Laterals
701	5-D.1 Direction of Stress Components
702	5-D.2 Nozzle Nomenclature and Dimensions
703	5-D.3 Nomenclature and Loading for Laterals
712	5-E.1 Values of E* for Perforated Tubesheets With an Equilateral Triangular Pattern 5-E.2 Values of v* for Perforated Tubesheets With an Equilateral Triangular Pattern
713	5-E.3 Values of E* for Perforated Tubesheets With a Square Pattern 5-E.4 Values of v* for Perforated Tubesheets With a Square Pattern
714	5-E.5 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Triangular Hole Pattern
715	5-E.6 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern — Pitch Direction
716	5-E.7 Effective Elastic Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, and Shear Modulus for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern — Diagonal Direction
717	5-E.8 Orthotropic Effective Elasticity Matrix for a Perforated Plate With an Equilateral Triangular Hole Pattern
718	5-E.9 Orthotropic Effective Elasticity Matrix for a Perforated Plate With a Square Hole Pattern
719	5-E.10 Equations for Determining Stress Components Based on the Results From an Equivalent Plate Analysis for an Equilateral Rectangular Hole Pattern 5-E.11 Stress Factor Kx Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
721	5-E.12 Stress Factor Ky Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
722	5-E.13 Stress Factor Kxy Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
724	5-E.14 Stress Factor Kxz Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
725	5-E.15 Stress Factor Kyz Coefficients — Triangular Hole Pattern
726	5-E.16 Stress Factors Kx and Ky Coefficients — Rectangular Hole Pattern
727	5-E.17 Stress Factor Kxy — Square Hole Pattern
728	5-E.18 Stress Factors Kxz and Kyz — Square Hole Pattern
730	5-E.19 Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Analysis (See Figure 5-E.3)
731	5-E.1 Perforated Plate Geometry Details
732	5-E.2 Perforated Plate Geometry Details
733	5-E.3 Boundary Conditions for Numerical Analysis
734	5-E.4 Stress Orientations for Perforated Plate With Triangular Pattern Holes
735	5-E.5 Stress Orientations for Perforated Plate With Square Pattern Holes
741	5-F.1 Construction of the Testing Parameter Ratio Diagram
742	5-F.2 Construction of the Testing Parameter Ratio Diagram for Accelerated Tests
773	6.1 Equations for Calculating Forming Strains 6.2.A Post-Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements for P-No. 15E Materials
774	6.2.B Post-Fabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment for High Alloy Materials
775	6.3 Post-Fabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment for Nonferrous Materials 6.4 Maximum Allowable Offset in Welded Joints 6.5 Acceptable Welding Process and Limitations
776	6.6 Maximum Reinforcement for Welded Joints 6.7 Minimum Preheat Temperatures for Welding
778	6.8 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 1, Group 1, 2, 3
779	6.9 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 3, Group 1, 2, 3
780	6.10 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 4, Group 1, 2
781	6.11 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 5A; P-No. 5B, Group 1; and P-No. 5C, Group 1
782	6.11.A Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 15E, Group 1
783	6.12 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 6, Group 1, 2, 3 6.13 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 7, Group 1, 2; and P-No. 8
784	6.14 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 9A, Group 1, and P-No. 9B, Group 1
786	6.15 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT) of Pressure Parts and Attachments for Materials: P-No. 10A, Group 1; P-No. 10C, Group 1; P-No. 10H, Group 1; P-No. 10I, Group 1; P-No. 10K, Group 1; and P-No. 45
788	6.16 Alternative Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements
789	6.17 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Quenched and Tempered Materials in Part 3, Table 3-A.2
790	6.18 Quench and Tempered Steels Conditionally Exempt From Production Impact Tests 6.19 High Nickel Alloy Filler for Quench and Tempered Steels 6.20 Mandrel Radius for Guided Bend Tests for Forged Fabrication
791	6.21 U-Shaped Unreinforced and Reinforced Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances
792	6.1 Peaking Height at a Category A Joint
793	6.2 Weld Toe Dressing
794	6.3 Forged Bottle Construction
795	6.4 Solid-to-Layer and Layer-to-Layer Test Plates
796	6.5 Tensile Specimens for Layered Vessel Construction
797	6.6 Toroidal Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances
805	6-A.9.2-1 Technical Data Sheet for PMI
820	7.1 Examination Groups for Pressure Vessels
821	7.2 Nondestructive Examination
825	7.3 Selection of Nondestructive Testing Method for Full Penetration Joints 7.4 Nondestructive Examination of Layered Vessels
826	7.5 NDE Techniques, Method, Characterization, Acceptance Criteria 7.6 Visual Examination Acceptance Criteria
828	7.7 Radiographic Acceptance Standards for Rounded Indications (Examples Only) 7.8 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 6 mm (1/4 in.) and Less Than 13 mm (1/2 in.)
829	7.9 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 13 mm (1/2 in.) and Less Than 25 mm (1 in.) 7.10 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Between 25 mm (1 in.) and Less Than or Equal to 300 mm (12 in.)
830	7.11 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Welds With Thicknesses Greater Than 300 mm (12 in.)
831	7.1 Examination of Layered Vessels
832	7.2 Examination of Layered Vessels
833	7.3 Aligned Rounded Indications 7.4 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
834	7.5 Charts for 3 mm (1/8 in.) to 6 mm (1/4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive 7.6 Charts for Over 6 mm (1/4 in.) to 10 mm (3/8 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
835	7.7 Charts for Over 10 mm (3/8 in.) to 19 mm (3/4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
836	7.8 Charts for Over 19 mm (3/4 in.) to 50 mm (2 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
837	7.9 Charts for Over 50 mm (2 in.) to 100 mm (4 in.) Wall Thickness, Inclusive
838	7.10 Charts for Over 100 mm (4 in.) Wall Thickness
839	7.11 Single Indications
840	7.12 Multiple Planar Flaws Oriented in a Plane Normal to the Pressure-Retaining Surface
841	7.13 Surface and Subsurface Flaws
842	7.14 Nonaligned Coplanar Flaws in a Plane Normal to the Pressure-Retaining Surface
843	7.15 Multiple Aligned Planar Flaws
844	7.16 Dimension “a” for Partial Penetration and Fillet Welds
845	7.17 Dimensions “a” and “d” for a Partial Penetration Corner Weld
848	7-A.1 Inspection and Examination Activities and Responsibilities/Duties

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASME	2017	867


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Standard Title	ASME BPVC – VIII – 2 -2017 BPVC Section VIII-Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 2-Alternative Rules
Published Code	ASME
Publication Date	2017
Pages Count	867

ASME BPVC VIII 2 2017

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