AWWA M14 2024 5thed
$86.13
M14 Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control: Recommended Practices, Fifth Edition
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| AWWA | 2024 |
This manual describes the causes and prevention of backflow and cross-connections in potable water systems.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | Preface, ix |
| 16 | METRIC CONVERSIONS |
| 18 | Chapter 1 Introduction |
| 19 | PURPOSE OF MANUAL SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT |
| 21 | PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM RESPONSIBILITIES |
| 22 | PROTECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH (Program Implementation) |
| 23 | Figure 1-1 Illustration of protective devices and a dedicated line for potable water |
| 24 | Figure 1-2 Location on private side of property line |
| 25 | Figure 1-3 Location on public entity side of property line |
| 26 | Figure 1-4 Commercial property with fire protection system |
| 27 | PUBLIC HEALTH AND PLUMBING CODES |
| 28 | PUBLIC HEALTH PARAMETERS |
| 30 | LEGAL ASPECTS |
| 31 | REFERENCES |
| 32 | Chapter 2 Backflow Prevention Principles BASIC HYDRAULICS |
| 33 | Figure 2-1a Example of barometric loop in a piping configuration |
| 34 | TYPES OF BACKFLOW Figure 2-1b Example of barometric loop outside building |
| 36 | Figure 2-2 Backsiphonage backflow due to high rate of water withdrawal |
| 38 | Figure 2-3 Backpressure backflow caused by carbon dioxide cylinder |
| 39 | Figure 2-4 Backpressure backflow caused by pumping system |
| 40 | Figure 2-5 Backsiphonage backflow caused by reduced pressure on suction side of booster pump |
| 41 | Figure 2-6 Backsiphonage backflow caused by shutdown of water system |
| 42 | ASSESSING OTHER RISK FACTORS |
| 43 | TYPES OF ASSEMBLIES AND DEVICES |
| 44 | Table 2-1 Means of backflow prevention in the United States Table 2-2 Selection guide for backflow preventers in Canada (See Clauses 5.3.1.1 and 5.4.1) |
| 46 | Chapter 3 Cross-Connection Control Program Administration |
| 47 | DEVELOPING A CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL PROGRAM TYPES OF CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS |
| 52 | MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS |
| 56 | DOCUMENTATION |
| 57 | HUMAN RESOURCES |
| 58 | PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION |
| 66 | Chapter 4 Backflow Prevention Assembly, Device, and Method: Application, Installation, and Maintenance |
| 67 | What IS USED TO PREVENT BACKFLOW BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES |
| 68 | DUAL CHECK VALVE (DCV) Figure 4-1 Dual check valve |
| 69 | DUAL CHECK VALVE WITH ATMOSPHERIC VENT (DCVwAV) Figure 4-2 Dual check valve with atmospheric port (vent) |
| 70 | ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER (AVB) Figure 4-3 Atmospheric vacuum breaker |
| 71 | HOSE BIBB VACUUM BREAKER (HBVB) BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLIES (SPECIFICATION, REQUIREMENTS, AND GUIDELINES) Figure 4-4 Hose bibb vacuum breaker |
| 75 | Figure 4-5 Pressure vacuum breaker assembly—flow condition |
| 76 | Figure 4-6 Pressure vacuum breaker assembly—backsiphonage condition |
| 77 | SPILL-RESISTANT PRESSURE VACUUM BREAKER (SRPVB) Figure 4-7 Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker—normal flow and backsiphonage conditions |
| 78 | Figure 4-8 Double check valve assembly—flow check valves open |
| 79 | Figure 4-9 Double check valve assembly—backpressure with both check valves closed Figure 4-10 �Double check valve assembly—subatmospheric supply pressure—check valves closed |
| 80 | Figure 4-11 Typical double check valve assembly—applications |
| 81 | Figure 4-12 �Reduced-pressure principle backflow prevention assembly, both check valves open and the differential pressure relief valve closed |
| 82 | Figure 4-13 Both check valves closed and the differential pressure relief valve open Figure 4-14 �Backpressure: both check valves closed and the differential pressure relief valve closed |
| 83 | Figure 4-15 �Backsiphonage: both check valves closed and the differential pressure relief valve open |
| 84 | Figure 4-16 Typical reduced-pressure principle backflow prevention applications Figure 4-17 Double check detector backflow prevention assembly |
| 85 | Figure 4-18 Type II double check detector backflow prevention assembly |
| 86 | Figure 4-19 Reduced pressure principle detector backflow prevention assembly |
| 87 | Figure 4-20 Type II reduced pressure principle detector backflow prevention assembly |
| 88 | Figure 4-21 Air gap on tank |
| 89 | FIELD-TESTING Figure 4-22 Air gap on lavatory Figure 4-23 Typical air gap applications |
| 90 | Figure 4-24 Additional typical air gap applications |
| 94 | Chapter 5 Cross-Connection Control Survey |
| 95 | PURPOSE OF A CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL SURVEY |
| 96 | Survey CONSIDERATIONS AND CONCEPTS |
| 97 | Figure 5-1 �Internal plumbing controlled pursuant to plumbing code and containment assembly used for process water Figure 5-2 �Service line backflow prevention assembly installed pursuant to statute, internal plumbing controlled pursuant to plumbing code, and containment assembly used for process water |
| 98 | Figure 5-3 Internal plumbing controlled pursuant to plumbing code and containment assembly used for process water and fire system Figure 5-4 Service line backflow prevention assembly installed pursuant to statute, internal plumbing controlled pursuant to plumbing code, and containment assembly used for process water and fire system |
| 99 | CONDUCTING THE SURVEY |
| 104 | AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES REFERENCES |
| 106 | Chapter 6 Sample Hazards and Proper Protection |
| 107 | TYPICAL HAZARDS |
| 115 | HAZARDS POSED BY A WATER SUPPLIER Table 6-1 Recommended protection for solar domestic hot-water systems |
| 118 | Table 6-2 Recommended protection at fixtures and equipment found in water treatment plants |
| 119 | Figure 6-1 Cross-connection control, water treatment plants Figure 6-2 Service-containment and area-isolation water treatment plants |
| 120 | PROTECTION FOR SPECIFIC CUSTOMERS Table 6-3 For containment |
| 121 | Table 6-4 Containment protection Table 6-5 Typical backflow devices Table 6-6 Irrigation and hose connection protection |
| 122 | Table 6-7 �Means of backflow prevention in Canada (pending permission) (see Clauses 5.3.1.1 and 5.4.1) |
| 123 | REFERENCES |
| 131 | Figure B-1 Double check valve assembly |
| 132 | Figure B-2 No backpressure |
| 133 | Figure B-3 Backpressure conditions |
| 134 | Figure B-4 DCVA—first check valve differential pressure test step #2 |
| 136 | Figure B-5 DCVA—second check valve differential pressure test step #3 |
| 138 | Figure B-6 DCVA—No-flow tightness validation test step #4 |
| 140 | Figure B-7 Reduces pressure principle backflow prevention device assembly |
| 143 | Figure B-8a RPZ—Step #1, drip tight�Figure B-8b RPZ—Step #1, not drip tight |
| 146 | Figure B-9 RPZ—First check valve differential pressure test step #1A |
| 147 | Figure B-10 RPZ—Second check valve tightness test step #2 |
| 149 | Figure B-11 RPZ—No-flow tightness validation test Step #3 |
| 151 | Figure B-12 RPZ—Relief valve opening point step #4 |
| 152 | Figure B-13 RPZ—Second check valve differential pressure test step #5 |
| 153 | Figure B-14 Tee fitting |
| 154 | Figure B-15 Tee fitting connection test cock #4 Figure B-16 Bypass hose connection |
| 156 | Figure B-17 RPZ—Relief valve opening point with tee fitting Figure B-18 Pressure vacuum breaker |
| 158 | Figure B-19 PVB—Check valve differential pressure measurement step #1 |
| 159 | Figure B-20 PVB—No-flow tightness validation test step #2 |
| 160 | Figure B-21 PVB air inlet valve test step #3 |
| 162 | Figure B-22 PVB—Air inlet valve test leaking upstream shutoff valve step #3A |
| 164 | Figure B-23 Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker |
| 165 | Figure B-24 SRPVB—No-flow tightness validation test step #1 |
| 167 | Figure B-25 SRPVB—Check valve differential pressure measurement step #2 |
| 168 | Figure B-26 SRPVB—Air inlet valve opening point step #3 |
| 170 | Figure B-27 Compensating bleed-off valve Figure B-28 �SRPVB—Check valve differential pressure measurement leaking upstream shutoff valve step #2A |
| 172 | Figure B-29 SRPVB—Air inlet valve opening point leaking upstream shutoff valve step #3A |
| 174 | Figure B-30 NEWWA backflow prevention device assembly test report form |
| 180 | Figure B-31 Sample test report form |
| 181 | Figure B-32 Ground wire installation |
| 182 | Figure B-33 Ground wire installation |
| 194 | Figure B-34 Major component parts of five-valve differential pressure gauge test equipment |
| 195 | Figure B-35 �Differential pressure gauge test kit, five-valve model |
| 196 | Figure B-36 �Differential pressure gauge showing hose connections to test the components of an RPBA |
| 197 | Figure B-37 �Differential pressure gauge showing hose connections to test the #1 check valve of a DCVA Figure B-38 �Differential pressure gauge showing hose connections to test a PVBA air inlet |
| 198 | Figure B-39 Pressure gauge showing hose connections to test a PVBA check valve Figure B-40 �Differential pressure gauge showing hose connections to test both the check valve and air inlet of an SVBA |
| 230 | Figure B-41 Test 1—CV #1 |
| 231 | Figure B-42 Test 3—CV #2 |
| 234 | Figure B-43 Two-valve differential pressure test kit |
| 235 | Figure B-44 Two-valve test kit |
| 238 | Figure B-45 Three-valve test kit |
| 240 | Figure B-46 Reduced-pressure field test with three-valve test kit |
| 242 | APPENDIX C Industry Resources |
| 244 | APPENDIX D Backflow Incident Case Histories |
| 248 | Glossary |
