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BS 8002:1994:2001 Edition

$230.18

Code of practice for earth retaining structures

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2001 144
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A complete revision of the Civil Engineering Code of Practice No. 2 issued by the Institution of Structural Engineers in 1951 on behalf of the Civil Engineering Codes of Practice Joint Committee.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
1 BRITISH STANDARD
2 Committees responsible for this British�Standard
3 Contents
9 Introduction
Scope
References
Definitions
active earth pressure
conservative values
design situation
10 design soil strength
design surcharge load
design value of a parameter
design value of wall friction
disturbing force
earth pressure coefficients
embedded walls
fully active earth pressure
fully passive earth resistance
limit state
11 mobilization factor
passive earth resistance
rapid shearing
representative soil strength
serviceability limit state
ultimate limit state
unplanned excavation
12 Major symbols
13 Selection and types of structure
General
Selection of type
15 Data for design
Site and geotechnical data
General
Site investigations
Ground water
16 Flood tides and waves
Climate
Trees
17 Soil properties
General
Unit weights of soils (and similar materials)
Selection and evaluation of soil parameter values
18 Clay soils
19 Œ½
20 Strength envelopes for a given pre-consolidation
21 Cohesionless soils
Silts
Rock
22 Œ½ for siliceous sands and gravels
Œ½ for rock
23 Fill
24 Derivation of
Wall friction, base friction and undrained wall adhesion
25 Externally applied loads
27 Design philosophy, design method and earth pressures
Design philosophy
General
Limit state design
Ultimate limit states
28 Limit states for earth retaining structures
29 Limit states for earth retaining structures
30 Limit states for earth retaining structures
Serviceability limit states
31 Limit states and compatibility of deformations
Design values of parameters
Applied loads
Design soil strength
32 Design earth pressures
Design method
Equilibrium calculations
33 Pressure diagrams
Design situations
34 Calculations based on total and effective stress parameters
Design using total stress parameters
35 Design using effective stress parameters
Design values of wall friction, base friction and undrained wall adhesion
36 Design to structural codes
Disturbing forces
General
At-rest earth pressures
37 Active earth pressures
38 Graphical determination of active earth pressure for cohesionless soils
41 Surcharge loads
43 Water pressure
Construction of earth pressure diagrams for earth retaining structures in multi-layered soil
44 Flow net determination of pore water pressure
45 Linear variation in hydraulic head
46 Graded filter drain
47 Resistance to movement
General
Passive earth resistance
49 Weak rocks
Layered soils
Water pressures and seepage forces
51 Design of specific earth retaining structures
Interrelation of section 3 and section 4
General
Design
Gravity walls
General
Foundations
52 Mass concrete retaining walls
53 Foundations of gravity walls
54 Basic forms of mass concrete walls
56 Masonry clad mass concrete wall with cavity
57 Unreinforced masonry retaining walls
58 Stepped and buttressed retaining walls in unreinforced masonry
59 Reinforced soil
Gabions
61 Hexagonal woven mesh gabion cage (typical)
62 Welded mesh gabion cage (typical)
65 Examples of gabion retaining walls
Cribwork
66 Section and elevation of typical crib wall
67 Examples of timber cribwork
68 Examples of reinforced concrete cribwork
69 Further examples of reinforced concrete cribwork
71 Reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry walls on spread foundations
Reinforced concrete walls (other than basement walls)
72 Basic forms of reinforced concrete cantilever or stem wall
73 Basic forms of reinforced concrete counterfort and buttressed walls
75 Basement walls, excavation, support and retention systems
76 Temporary support against central dumping
Temporary support by fully braced trench
77 Long flying shores across excavations
Fully braced temporary support
78 Concurrent upward and downward construction
79 Floors cast on ground with excavation continuing below
80 Open cut
Reinforced and prestressed masonry retaining walls
81 Reinforced masonry: grouted-cavity construction
82 Reinforced masonry: Quetta bond construction
Reinforced masonry: pocket-type construction
83 Reinforced hollow blockwork construction
84 Post-tensioned masonry diaphragm wall construction
86 Embedded walls
General
Types of wall and applicability
Design
87 Types of embedded retaining wall
88 Active pressure diagrams relating to maximum strut loads in braced earth retaining structures
89 Illustration of method of calculation of bending moments and frame loads by successive stage anal…
Steel sheet piling
91 Selection of pile size to suit driving conditions in granular soils using impact hammers
92 Selection of pile size to suit driving conditions in cohesive soils
93 Timber sheet piles
95 Typical sections of timber sheet piles
Detail of driving edge
96 Reinforced and prestressed concrete sheet piles
In situ concrete pile walls
98 Diaphragm walls
100 Soldier/king piles
Horizontal sheeting (lagging)
Vertical sheeting (lagging)
101 Composite steel soldier piles
102 Various methods of locating the sheeting (lagging)
103 Strutted excavations and cofferdams
General
104 Cofferdam for river crossing
105 Cofferdam in water
107 Struts, ties, walings and anchorages
109 Cellular cofferdams
111 Types of cellular cofferdams
112 Anchorages
General
Equilibrium
Ground anchorages
113 Tension piles
Deadman anchorages
114 Types of anchorage
115 Non-interference of zones for anchored wall
116 Waterfront structures
General
Concrete and reinforcement
Double wall construction where zones interfere
Design
120 Construction
122 (normative) Graphs for
(normative) Graphs for
Active pressure — Horizontal ground surface behind wall: Values of
123 Passive resistance — Horizontal ground surface behind wall: Values of
124 Active pressure — Sloping ground surface behind wall: Values of
125 Active pressure — Sloping ground surface behind wall: Values of
126 Active pressure — Sloping ground surface behind wall: Values of
127 Passive resistance — Sloping ground surface behind wall: Values of
128 Passive resistance — Sloping ground surface behind wall: Values of
129 Passive resistance — Sloping ground surface behind wall: Values of
130 (informative) Traditional design methods for embedded walls
(informative) Traditional design methods for embedded walls
General
Gross pressure method
Net available passive resistance method
131 Different methods of assessing the ratio of restoring moments of over turning moments
Strength factor method
Nett pressure method
132 End fixity method
133 (informative) Bibliography
(informative) Bibliography
137 Index
BS 8002:1994
$230.18