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BS EN 14067-5:2021 – TC:2022 Edition

BS EN 14067-5:2021 – TC:2022 Edition

$280.87

Tracked Changes. Railway applications. Aerodynamics – Requirements and assessment procedures for aerodynamics in tunnels

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 222
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This document establishes aerodynamic requirements, test procedures, assessment methods and acceptance criteria for operating rolling stock in tunnels. Aerodynamic pressure variations, loads, micro pressure wave generation and further aerodynamic aspects to be expected in tunnel operation are addressed in this document. Requirements for the aerodynamic design of rolling stock and tunnels of the heavy rail system are provided. The requirements apply to heavy rail systems only.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 30462998
125 A-30414984
126 undefined
132 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
134 4 Symbols and abbreviations
140 5 Requirements on locomotives and passenger rolling stock
5.1 Limitation of pressure variations inside tunnels
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Requirements
5.1.2.1 Reference case
141 5.1.2.2 Fixed or pre-defined train compositions
5.1.2.3 Single rolling stock units fitted with a driver’s cab
5.1.2.4 Other passenger rolling stock
142 5.1.3 Full conformity assessment
5.1.4 Simplified conformity assessment
144 5.2 Limitation of pressure gradient entering a tunnel (relative to micro-pressure wave generation)
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Requirements
5.2.2.1 General
5.2.2.2 Reference case
146 5.2.2.3 Rolling stock units fitted with a driver’s cab
5.2.3 Simplified conformity assessment
5.3 Resistance to aerodynamic loading
5.3.1 General
147 5.3.2 Requirements
5.3.2.1 General
148 5.3.2.2 Exceptional load cases for vehicle bodies
149 5.3.2.3 Fatigue load cases for vehicle bodies
5.3.2.4 Reference case for running in strong winds (exceptional load case)
5.3.2.5 Reference case for open air passings (fatigue load case)
150 5.3.2.6 Reference cases for exceptional loads in tunnel transit
152 5.3.2.7 Reference cases for fatigue loads in tunnel transit
153 5.3.3 Exceptional load assessment
154 5.3.4 Fatigue load assessment
5.3.5 Assessment in case of modification
155 6 Requirements on infrastructure
6.1 Limitation of pressure variations inside tunnels to meet the medical health criterion
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Requirements
6.1.2.1 Reference case
156 6.1.2.2 Single track tunnels
6.1.2.3 Double track tunnels
157 6.1.2.4 Multi-track tunnels
6.1.3 Full conformity assessment
6.1.4 Simplified conformity assessment
158 6.2 Limitation of pressure gradient entering a tunnel (relative to micro-pressure wave generation)
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Reference case
6.2.3 Requirements
6.2.4 Assessment
159 6.3 Further aspects of tunnel design
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Aural pressure comfort
160 6.3.3 Pressure loading on installations
161 6.3.4 Induced airflows
6.3.5 Aerodynamic drag
6.3.6 Contact forces of pantograph to catenary
6.3.7 Ventilation
6.3.8 Workers’ safety
162 6.3.9 Loads on vehicles in mixed traffic operation
6.4 Additional aspects for underground stations
6.4.1 Pressure changes
6.4.2 Induced airflows
163 6.4.3 Specific case for loads on platform barrier systems due to trains passing
7 Methods and test procedures
7.1 General
165 7.2 Methods to determine pressure variations in tunnels
7.2.1 General
166 7.2.2 Full-scale measurements at fixed locations in a tunnel
7.2.2.1 Test site
7.2.2.2 Measurement positions
7.2.2.3 Test train requirements
167 7.2.2.4 Train speed requirements
7.2.3 Instrumentation
7.2.3.1 General
169 7.2.3.2 Data acquisition system
7.2.4 Full-scale measurements on the exterior of the train
170 7.2.5 Predictive formulae
7.2.6 Assessment by numerical simulation
171 7.2.7 Reduced scale measurements at fixed locations in a tunnel
172 7.3 Assessment of maximum pressure changes (vehicle reference case)
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Transformation of measurement values by a factor (approach 1)
173 7.3.3 Transformation of measurement values based on A.3.3 (approach 2)
7.3.4 Transformation by simulation (approach 3)
174 7.3.5 Assessment of the pressure time history
178 7.3.6 Assessment quantities and comparison
7.4 Assessment of maximum pressure changes (infrastructure reference case)
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Assessment method
180 7.5 Assessment of the pressure gradient of a train entering a tunnel (vehicle reference case, with respect to micro-pressure wave generation)
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Assessment by simulations
181 7.5.3 Assessment by moving model rig tests
7.6 Assessment of the micro-pressure wave (infrastructure reference case)
7.6.1 General
182 7.6.2 Assessment by numerical simulations
184 7.6.3 Assessment by moving model rig tests
7.6.3.1 Reduced-scale moving model tests (infrastructure)
7.6.3.2 Reduced-scale moving model tests (rolling stock)
185 7.7 Assessment of aerodynamic loads
7.7.1 Assessment of load due to strong wind
186 7.7.2 Assessment of open air passings for fatigue load assessments
187 Assessment of transient loads in tunnels
7.7.3.1 General
7.7.3.2 Train parameters
188 7.7.3.3 Tunnel parameters
7.7.3.4 Simulation parameters
189 7.7.3.5 Calculation software
7.7.3.6 Assessment
190 7.7.3.7 Documentation
7.7.4 Assessment of fatigue loads
7.7.4.1 General
7.7.4.2 Load collectives
191 7.7.4.3 Train crossing frequencies
192 7.7.4.4 Rainflow analysis
7.7.5 Determination of the damage-equivalent load amplitude for scenario
193 7.7.6 Documentation
194 7.7.7 Simplified load cases
7.7.7.1 General
7.7.7.2 Exceptional loads
195 7.7.7.3 Fatigue loads
7.8 Assessment of pressure sealing
7.8.1 General
196 7.8.2 Dynamic pressure tightness
7.8.3 Equivalent leakage area
197 7.8.4 Test methods
7.8.4.1 General
7.8.4.2 Static tests
199 7.8.5 Dynamic tests
201 Annex A (informative)Predictive formulae
A.1 General
A.2 SNCF approach
A.2.1 Entry of the nose of the train
A.2.2 Entry of the body of the train
202 A.2.3 Entry of the rear of the train
A.3 TU Vienna approach
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Symbols
203 A.3.3 Calculation of ΔpN
204 A.3.4 Calculation of Δpfr
205 A.3.5 Calculation of ΔpT
206 A.3.6 Calculation of the drag coefficient Cx,tu
A.3.6.1 Method 1
208 A.3.6.2 Method 2
209 A.4 GB approach, ignoring changes in air density and the speed of sound
A.4.1 General
A.4.2 Calculation of ∆pN
210 A.4.3 Calculation of ∆pfr
A.4.4 Calculation of ∆pT
211 Annex B (informative)Pressure comfort criteria
B.1 General
B.2 Unsealed trains (generally τdyn < 0,5 s)
B.3 Sealed trains (generally τdyn > 0,5 s)
212 Annex C (informative)Micro-pressure wave
C.1 General
C.2 Compression wave generation
213 C.3 Compression wave propagation
C.4 Micro-pressure wave radiation
215 Annex D (informative)Pressure loading on unsealed crossing trains
218 Annex E (informative)Validation cases for the assessment of aerodynamic loads
E.1 General
E.2 Validation procedure

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BS EN 14067-5:2021 - TC
$280.87