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BS EN 14917:2021

BS EN 14917:2021

$215.11

Metal bellows expansion joints for pressure applications

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 270
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This document specifies the requirements for design, manufacture and installation of metal bellows expansion joints with circular cross section for pressure applications with maximum allowable pressure greater than 0,5 bar.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
13 Introduction
14 1 Scope
2 Normative references
18 3 Terms and definitions
21 4 Classification
26 5 Materials
32 6 Design
122 7 Manufacturing
128 8 Testing, inspection and documentation
145 9 Marking and labelling
10 Handling and installation
147 Annex A (informative)Categories of expansion joints
A.1 General
A.2 Determination of expansion joints categories
A.3 Fluid groups
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Group 1
148 A.3.3 Group 2
A.4 Technical requirements
A.4.1 Expansion joints for vessels
A.4.2 Expansion joints for piping
149 A.4.3 Sound engineering practice (SEP)
A.5 Expansion joint category
151 Annex B (informative)Specification for materials 1.4828, 1.4876, 2.4360 and 2.4858
158 Annex C (informative)Incorporation of expansion joints into piping or pressure vessels
C.1 General
159 C.2 Specific symbols and definitions
160 C.3 Application criteria for expansion joints in piping
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Use of axial expansion joints
C.3.2.1 General
161 C.3.2.2 Axial expansion joints, non-pressure balanced
165 C.3.2.3 Axial expansion, pressure balanced
166 C.3.3 Use of restraint expansion joints
C.3.3.1 General
167 C.3.3.2 Angular expansion joints
170 C.3.3.3 Lateral expansion joints
172 C.3.4 Use of universal expansion joints
C.3.4.1 General
C.3.4.2 Unrestrained universal expansion joint
173 C.3.4.3 Restrained universal expansion joints, pressure balanced
174 C.3.5 Indeterminate configurations of expansion joints
C.3.5.1 General
C.3.5.2 Strait piping section with axial expansion joints
175 C.3.5.3 Plane U-bend system with angular expansion joints
C.3.5.4 Three dimensional systems with three gimbal angular expansion points
176 C.3.5.5 Three-dimensional system with lateral expansion joints
177 C.4 Application criteria for expansion joints in pressure vessels
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Axial expansion joint installed in the shell
178 C.4.3 Axial expansion joint installed at the floating head
179 Annex D (informative)Calculation methods for systems of pipes containing expansion joints
D.1 General
D.1.1 Preliminary remarks
D.1.2 Determining movement values
D.1.3 Thermal expansion
181 D.2 Approximate calculation of bellows movement
D.2.1 General
182 D.2.2 Hinged systems
D.2.3 Definitions
D.2.3.1 Distances
D.2.3.2 Hinges
D.2.3.3 Movements in pipe runs
186 D.3 Exact calculation of bellows movement
D.3.1 Two hinges in a plane system (Z-system)
187 D.3.2 Two gimbals in a three-dimensional system (Z-system)
188 D.3.3 Three hinges in a plane system (U-system)
189 D.3.4 Three hinges in a plane system (L-system)
D.3.4.1 General
190 D.3.4.2 Calculation of auxiliary parameters and angular rotations
191 D.3.4.3 Limitation of movement
D.3.5 Three hinges in a three-dimensional system (Z-system)
D.3.5.1 General
192 D.3.5.2 Calculation of auxiliary parameters induced by the additional movement Ī”1
193 D.3.5.3 Calculation of auxiliary parameters and angular rotations in a plane system with the theoretical hinge distance A*:
D.3.5.4 Angular rotations
194 D.4 Calculation of forces and moments
195 Annex E (informative)Explanatory notes on the design of expansion bellows
E.1 General
E.2 Calculation design
196 E.3 Types of bellows
E.3.1 Corrugation shape
E.3.2 Number of plies
E.4 Fatigue life expectancy
197 E.5 Instability
E.5.1 General
E.5.2 Column instability
E.5.3 In-plane instability
E.5.4 Buckling
198 E.6 Bellows spring rate
200 Annex F (informative)Procedure for setting-up a design fatigue curve
F.1 General
F.2 Procedure for setting up a design fatigue curve for expansion bellows
F.2.1 General
F.2.2 Number of tests
F.2.3 Extrapolation range
F.2.4 Manufacturing methods
201 F.2.5 Bellows material
F.3 Tests
F.3.1 Movement
F.3.2 Test pressure
F.3.2.1 Constant internal pressure
F.3.3 Other test conditions
202 F.3.4 Fatigue test equipment
203 F.4 Evaluation of the test results
208 F.5 Linear regression
209 Annex G (informative)Polynomial approximations for coefficients Cp, Cf, Cd
G.1 Coefficient Cp
210 G.2 Coefficient Cf
211 G.3 Coefficient Cd
212 G.4 Linear interpolation
214 Annex H (informative)Required design data and information
H.1 Required design conditions
H.2 Additional information
215 Annex I (informative)Expansion joints risk analyses
216 Annex J (informative)Additional material properties
221 Annex K (normative)Hardware calculation
K.1 General
K.2 Additional symbols
224 K.3 Force due to pressure
225 K.4 Tie bar
K.4.1 General
K.4.2 Tie bar in tension
226 K.4.3 Tie bar in compression
K.5 Pin
229 K.6 Lug with bore
K.6.1 General
K.6.2 Forces due to pressure
230 K.6.3 Stresses due to reaction force
231 K.7 Gimbal, square and round
K.7.1 General
K.7.2 Stresses in bored section
232 K.7.3 Square type gimbal
K.7.3.1 General
233 K.7.3.2 Instability
234 K.7.3.3 Stresses in the corner connection
235 K.7.4 Round type gimbal
237 K.8 Attachment plate
K.8.1 Attachment plate (closed/open) with 2 restraining parts
K.8.1.1 General
238 K.8.1.2 Stress in plate for section 3
239 K.8.1.3 Stress in sections for form-lock connection (lugs for hinge/gimbal)
242 K.8.1.4 Stress in sections for welded buttonhole connection (lugs for hinge/gimbal)
245 K.8.1.5 Stress in the pipe
K.8.1.6 Stress in the weld plate/pipe
K.8.2 Circular attachment plate with 3 or more tie bars valid up to DN 800
K.8.2.1 General
246 K.8.2.2 Stress in the plate
247 K.8.2.3 Stress in the pipe
248 K.8.2.4 Stress in the weld plate/pipe
K.9 Lug-plate connection (hinge/gimbal)
K.9.1 General
249 K.9.2 Lug-plate for form-lock connection
K.9.2.1 General
K.9.2.2 Stresses in Section 1
250 K.9.2.3 Stresses in Section 2
252 K.9.3 Lug-plate for welded buttonhole connection
K.9.3.1 General
253 K.9.3.2 Weld between lug plate and attachment plate
K.10 Tie bar and lug attachment on flanges
K.10.1 Integral flange
K.10.1.1 Stress in flange with 2 tie bars or lugs
255 K.10.1.2 Stress in flange with more than 2 tie bars
257 K.10.2 Plate welded on flange
K.10.2.1 Stress in plate welded on flange with 2 tie bars
260 K.11 Gusset
K.12 Gusset with reinforcing rings
K.12.1 General
262 K.12.2 Basic definitions
263 K.12.3 Stresses in the gussets
K.12.4 Stresses in the ring and pipe
264 K.12.5 Stresses in welds a7, a8 and a9
266 Annex ZA (informative)Relationship between this European Standard and the EssentialRequirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU

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BS EN 14917:2021
$215.11