BS EN 60076-14:2013
$198.66
Power transformers – Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2013 | 62 |
IEC 60076-14:2013 applies to liquid-immersed power transformers employing either high-temperature insulation or combinations of high-temperature and conventional insulation, operating at temperatures above conventional limits. It is applicable to: – power transformers in accordance with IEC 60076-1; – convertor transformers according to IEC 61378 series; – transformers for wind turbine applications in accordance with IEC 60076-16; – arc furnace transformers; – reactors in accordance with IEC 60076-6. This part of IEC 60076 may be applicable as a reference for the use of high-temperature insulation materials in other types of transformers and reactors. This first edition of IEC 60076-14 cancels and replaces the second edition of the Technical Specification IEC/TS 60076-14 published in 2009. It constitutes a technical revision.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 6 | Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications |
| 7 | English CONTENTS |
| 10 | INTRODUCTION |
| 11 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 12 | 3 Terms and definitions |
| 14 | 4 Insulation systems 4.1 General |
| 15 | 4.2 Winding insulation types 4.2.1 General Tables Table 1 – Preferred insulation system thermal classes |
| 16 | 4.2.2 Summary of winding/system insulation types 4.2.3 Hybrid winding types Table 2 – Winding/system insulation comparison |
| 17 | Figures Figure 1 – Example of semi-hybrid insulation windings |
| 18 | Figure 2 – Example of a mixed hybrid insulation winding |
| 19 | 4.2.4 High-temperature insulation winding Figure 3 – Example of full hybrid insulation windings |
| 20 | 5 Temperature rise limits 5.1 General Figure 4 – Example of high-temperature insulation system |
| 21 | Table 3 – Maximum continuous temperature rise limits for transformers with hybrid insulation systems |
| 22 | 5.2 Thermally upgraded paper (TUP) 5.3 Cellulose used in ester liquid 6 Components and materials 6.1 General 6.2 Leads and cables Table 4 – Maximum continuous temperature rise limits for transformers with high-temperature insulation systems |
| 23 | 7 Special design considerations 7.1 Short-circuit considerations 7.2 Dielectric requirements 7.3 Temperature requirements |
| 24 | Figure 5 – Temperature gradient conductor to liquid |
| 25 | 7.4 Overload Table 5 – Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for transformers with hybrid insulation systems Table 6 – Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for transformers with high-temperature insulation systems |
| 26 | 8 Required information 8.1 Information to be provided by the purchaser 8.1.1 Ambient temperatures and loading cycle 8.1.2 Other unusual service conditions 8.2 Information to be provided by the manufacturer 8.2.1 Thermal characteristics 8.2.2 Guarantees 9 Rating plate and additional information 9.1 Rating plate |
| 27 | 9.2 Transformer manual 10 Test requirements 10.1 Routine, type and special tests 10.2 Dissolved gas analysis 10.3 OD cooled compact transformers 10.4 Evaluation of temperature-rise tests for windings with multiple hot-spots |
| 29 | 10.5 Dielectric type tests Figure 6 – Modified temperature diagram for windings with mixed hybrid insulation system |
| 30 | 11 Supervision, diagnostics, and maintenance 11.1 General 11.2 Transformers filled with mineral insulating oil 11.3 Transformers filled with high-temperature insulating liquids |
| 31 | Annex A (informative) Insulation materials |
| 32 | Figure A.1 – Example of a thermal endurance graph |
| 35 | Table A.1 – Typical properties of solid insulation materials |
| 36 | Table A.2 – Typical enamels for wire insulation |
| 37 | Table A.3 – Typical performance characteristics of unused insulating liquids |
| 38 | Annex B (informative) Rapid temperature increase and bubble generation |
| 39 | Figure B.1 – Bubble evolution temperature chart |
| 41 | Annex C (informative) Ester liquid and cellulose |
| 42 | Figure C.1 – Tensile strength ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid |
| 43 | Figure C.2 – Composite tensile strength ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid |
| 44 | Figure C.3 – DP ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid |
| 45 | Figure C.4 – Composite DP ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid Figure C.5 – Tensile strength ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid |
| 46 | Figure C.6 – Composite tensile strength ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid Figure C.7 – DP ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid |
| 47 | Figure C.8 – Composite DP ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid |
| 49 | Figure C.9 – Infrared spectra of kraft paper aged in liquid at 110 °C for 175 days Table C.1 – Effect of moisture solubility limits on cellulose moisture reduction |
| 50 | Table C.2 – Comparison of ageing results |
| 51 | Figure C.10 – Unit life versus temperature of TUP ageing data (least squares fit) Figure C.11 – Unit life versus temperature of kraft paper ageing data (least squares fit) |
| 52 | Table C.3 – Maximum temperature rise forester liquid/cellulose insulation systems Table C.4 – Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for ester liquid/cellulose insulation systems |
| 55 | Annex D (normative) Insulation system coding |
| 58 | Bibliography |
