🔥🔥 Don’t Miss Out on Our End of Autumn Sale. If you have any questions, feel free to click the bottom right corner to contact our customer service..

Concat us[email protected]
Shopping Cart

No products in the cart.

🔍
BS EN 60099-4:2014

BS EN 60099-4:2014

$215.11

Surge arresters – Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2014 172
PDF Format Searchable Printable Preview Now
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Categories: ,

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

IEC 60099-4:2014 applies to non-linear metal-oxide resistor type surge arresters without spark gaps designed to limit voltage surges on a.c. power circuits with Us above 1 kV. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The numerous changes between the second and third editions are listed in the Foreward of the document. Keywords: testing of gapless metal-oxide surge arresters for a.c.power systems

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 Foreword
Endorsement notice
5 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
7 English
CONTENTS
16 INTRODUCTION
17 1 Scope
2 Normative references
18 3 Terms and definitions
28 4 Identification and classification
4.1 Arrester identification
4.2 Arrester classification
Tables
Table 1 – Arrester classification
29 5 Standard ratings and service conditions
5.1 Standard rated voltages
5.2 Standard rated frequencies
5.3 Standard nominal discharge currents
5.4 Service conditions
5.4.1 Normal service conditions
5.4.2 Abnormal service conditions
Table 2 – Preferred values of rated voltages
30 6 Requirements
6.1 Insulation withstand
6.2 Reference voltage
6.3 Residual voltages
31 6.4 Internal partial discharges
6.5 Seal leak rate
6.6 Current distribution in a multi-column arrester
6.7 Thermal stability
6.8 Long term stability under continuous operating voltage
6.9 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample
6.10 Repetitive charge transfer withstand
6.11 Operating duty
6.12 Power-frequency voltage versus time characteristics of an arrester
32 6.13 Short-circuit performance
6.14 Disconnector
6.14.1 Disconnector withstand
6.14.2 Disconnector operation
6.15 Requirements on internal grading components
33 6.16 Mechanical loads
6.16.1 General
6.16.2 Bending moment
6.16.3 Resistance against environmental stresses
6.16.4 Insulating base and mounting bracket
6.16.5 Mean value of breaking load (MBL)
6.16.6 Electromagnetic compatibility
6.17 End of life
6.18 Lightning impulse discharge capability
34 7 General testing procedure
7.1 Measuring equipment and accuracy
7.2 Reference voltage measurements
7.3 Test samples
7.3.1 General
35 7.3.2 Arrester section requirements
36 8 Type tests (design tests)
8.1 General
37 8.2 Insulation withstand tests
8.2.1 General
Table 3 – Arrester type tests
38 8.2.2 Tests on individual unit housings
8.2.3 Tests on complete arrester assemblies
8.2.4 Ambient air conditions during tests
8.2.5 Wet test procedure
39 8.2.6 Lightning impulse voltage test
8.2.7 Switching impulse voltage test
8.2.8 Power-frequency voltage test
40 8.3 Residual voltage tests
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Steep current impulse residual voltage test
41 8.3.3 Lightning impulse residual voltage test
8.3.4 Switching impulse residual voltage test
8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage
8.4.1 General
42 8.4.2 MO resistor elements stressed below Uref
43 8.4.3 Test procedure for MO resistor elements stressed at or above Uref
Figures
Figure 1 – Illustration of power losses versus time during long term stability test
46 8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs
8.5.1 General
47 8.5.2 Test procedure
Figure 2 – Test procedure to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs
48 8.5.3 Test evaluation
8.5.4 Rated values of repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs
49 8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Arrester section requirements
8.6.3 Procedure to verify thermal equivalency between complete arresterand arrester section
8.7 Operating duty test
8.7.1 General
50 8.7.2 Test procedure
51 Figure 3 – Test procedure to verify the thermal energy rating, Wth, and the thermal charge transfer rating, Qth, respectively
52 Table 4 – Requirements for high current impulses
53 8.7.3 Rated thermal energy and charge values, Wth and Qth
54 8.8 Power-frequency voltage-versus-time test
8.8.1 General
Table 5 – Rated values of thermal charge transfer rating, Qth
55 8.8.2 Test samples
Figure 4 – Test procedure to verify the power frequency versus time characteristic (TOV test)
56 8.8.3 Initial measurements
8.8.4 Test procedure
57 8.8.5 Test evaluation
8.9 Tests of arrester disconnector
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Operating withstand test
58 8.9.3 Disconnector operation
59 8.9.4 Mechanical tests
60 8.9.5 Temperature cycling and seal pumping test
8.10 Short-circuit tests
8.10.1 General
61 8.10.2 Preparation of the test samples
63 Table 6 – Test requirements for porcelain housed arresters
64 Figure 5 – Examples of arrester units
Figure 6 – Examples of fuse wire locations for “Design A“ arresters
65 8.10.3 Mounting of the test sample
Figure 7 – Examples of fuse wire locations for “Design B“ arresters
Figure 8 – Short-circuit test setup for porcelain-housed arresters
66 8.10.4 High-current short-circuit tests
67 Table 7 – Required currents for short-circuit tests
69 8.10.5 Low-current short-circuit test
8.10.6 Evaluation of test results
8.11 Test of the bending moment
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Overview
70 8.11.3 Sample preparation
8.11.4 Test procedure
8.11.5 Test evaluation
71 8.11.6 Test on insulating base and mounting bracket
8.12 Environmental tests
8.12.1 General
8.12.2 Sample preparation
8.12.3 Test procedure
72 8.12.4 Test evaluation
8.13 Seal leak rate test
8.13.1 General
8.13.2 Sample preparation
8.13.3 Test procedure
8.13.4 Test evaluation
8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
74 8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components
8.15.1 General
8.15.2 Test procedure
8.15.3 Test evaluation
8.16 Test of internal grading components
8.16.1 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage
75 8.16.2 Thermal cyclic test
76 9 Routine tests and acceptance tests
9.1 Routine tests
77 9.2 Acceptance tests
9.2.1 Standard acceptance tests
78 9.2.2 Special thermal stability test
10 Test requirements on polymer-housed surge arresters
10.1 Scope
10.2 Normative references
10.3 Terms and definitions
10.4 Identification and classification
10.5 Standard ratings and service conditions
10.6 Requirements
79 10.7 General testing procedure
10.8 Type tests (design tests)
10.8.1 General
10.8.2 Insulation withstand tests
10.8.3 Residual voltage tests
80 10.8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage
10.8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs
10.8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample
10.8.7 Operating duty tests
10.8.8 Power frequency voltage-versus-time test
81 10.8.9 Tests of arrester disconnector
10.8.10 Short-circuit tests
83 Table 8 – Test requirements for polymer-housed arresters
84 Figure 9 – Short-circuit test setup for polymer-housed arresters
86 Figure 10 – Example of a test circuit for re-applying pre-failing circuit immediately before applying the short-circuit test current
87 10.8.11 Test of the bending moment
90 Figure 11 – Thermomechanical test
91 Figure 12 – Example of the test arrangement for the thermomechanical test and direction of the cantilever load
92 Figure 13 – Water immersion
94 10.8.12 Environmental tests
10.8.13 Seal leak rate test
10.8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
10.8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components
10.8.16 Test of internal grading components
10.8.17 Weather ageing test
96 10.9 Routine tests
11 Test requirements on gas-insulated metal enclosed arresters (GIS-arresters)
11.1 Scope
11.2 Normative references
11.3 Terms and definitions
11.4 Identification and classification
97 11.5 Standard ratings and service conditions
11.6 Requirements
11.6.1 Withstand voltages
98 Table 9 – 10 kA and 20 kA three–phase GIS–arresters – Required withstand voltages
99 Table 10 – 2,5 kA and 5 kA three – phase – GIS arresters – Required withstand voltages
100 11.7 General testing procedures
11.8 Type tests (design tests)
11.8.1 General
11.8.2 Insulation withstand tests
103 11.8.3 Residual voltage tests
11.8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage
11.8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs
11.8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample
11.8.7 Operating duty tests
11.8.8 Power frequency voltage-versus-time test
11.8.9 Tests of arrester disconnector
11.8.10 Short-circuit tests
11.8.11 Test of the bending moment
104 11.8.12 Environmental tests
11.8.13 Seal leak rate test
11.8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
11.8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components
11.8.16 Test of internal grading components
11.9 Routine tests
11.10 Test after erection on site
12 Separable and dead-front arresters
12.1 Scope
105 12.2 Normative references
12.3 Terms and definitions
12.4 Identification and classification
12.5 Standard ratings and service conditions
12.6 Requirements
106 12.7 General testing procedure
12.8 Type tests (design tests)
12.8.1 General
12.8.2 Insulation withstand tests
107 Figure 14 – Test set-up for insulation withstand test of unscreened separable arresters
Table 11 – Insulation withstand test voltages for unscreened separable arresters
108 12.8.3 Residual voltage tests
12.8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage
Table 12 – Insulation withstand test voltages for dead-front arresters or separable arresters in a screened/shielded housing
109 12.8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs
12.8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample
12.8.7 Operating duty tests
110 12.8.8 Power-frequency voltage versus time test
12.8.9 Tests of disconnector
12.8.10 Short-circuit test
111 12.8.11 Test of the bending moment
12.8.12 Environmental tests
12.8.13 Seal leak rate test
12.8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
112 12.8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components
12.8.16 Test of internal grading components
12.8.17 Internal partial discharge test
12.9 Routine tests and acceptance tests
13 Liquid-immersed arresters
13.1 Scope
Table 13 – Partial discharge test values for separable and dead-front arresters
113 13.2 Normative references
13.3 Terms and definitions
13.4 Identification and classification
13.5 Standard ratings and service conditions
13.6 Requirements
114 13.7 General testing procedure
13.8 Type tests (design tests)
13.8.1 General
13.8.2 Insulation withstand tests
13.8.3 Residual voltage tests
115 13.8.4 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage
13.8.5 Test to verify the repetitive charge transfer rating, Qrs
116 13.8.6 Heat dissipation behaviour of test sample
13.8.7 Operating duty tests
13.8.8 Power frequency voltage-versus-time test
13.8.9 Tests of arrester disconnector
13.8.10 Short-circuit tests
118 13.8.11 Test of the bending moment
13.8.12 Environmental tests
119 13.8.13 Seal leak rate test
13.8.14 Radio interference voltage (RIV) test
13.8.15 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of internal components
13.8.16 Test of internal grading components
13.9 Routine tests and acceptance tests
120 Annex A (normative) Abnormal service conditions
121 Annex B (normative) Test to verify thermal equivalency between complete arrester and arrester section
123 Annex C (normative) Artificial pollution test with respect to the thermal stress on porcelain housed multi-unit metal-oxide surge arresters
C.1 Glossary
C.1.1 Measured quantities
C.1.2 Calculated quantities
124 C.2 General
126 Figure C.1 – Flow-chart showing the procedure for determining the preheating of a test sample
127 C.3 Classification of site severity
C.4 Preliminary heating test: measurement of the thermal time constant τ
and calculation of β
Table C.1 – Mean external charge for different pollution severities
128 C.5 Verification of the need to perform the pollution tests
C.6 General requirements for the pollution test
C.6.1 Test sample
129 C.6.2 Testing plant
C.6.3 Measuring devices and measuring procedures
Table C.2 – Characteristic of the sample used for the pollution test
Table C.3 – Requirements for the device used for the measurement of the charge
130 Table C.4 – Requirements for the device used for the measurement of the temperature
131 C.6.4 Test preparation
C.7 Test procedures
C.7.1 Slurry method
133 C.7.2 Salt fog method
134 C.8 Evaluation of test results
C.8.1 Calculation of Kie
135 C.8.2 Calculation of the expected temperature rise ΔTz in service
C.8.3 Preparation for the operating duty test
C.9 Example
136 C.9.1 Preliminary heating test
C.9.2 Verification of the need to perform the pollution test
C.9.3 Salt fog tests
Table C.5 – Calculated values of ΔTz max for the selected example
137 C.9.4 Calculation performed after five test cycles
Table C.6 – Results of the salt fog test for the selected example
138 C.9.5 Calculation performed after 10 test cycles
Table C.7 – Calculated values of ΔTz and of TOD after 5 cycles for the selected example
Table C.8 – Calculated values of ΔTz and of TOD after 10 cycles for the selected example
139 Annex D (informative) Typical information given with enquiries and tenders
D.1 Information given with enquiry
D.1.1 System data
D.1.2 Service conditions
D.1.3 Arrester duty
140 D.1.4 Characteristics of arrester
D.1.5 Additional equipment and fittings
D.1.6 Any special abnormal conditions
D.2 Information given with tender
141 Annex E (informative) Ageing test procedure – Arrhenius law – Problems with higher temperatures
Table E.1 – Minimum demonstrated lifetime prediction
Table E.2 – Relationship between test durations at 115 oC and equivalent time at upper limit of ambient temperature
143 Annex F (informative) Guide for the determination of the voltage distribution along metal-oxide surge arresters
F.1 General
F.2 Modelling of the surge arrester
144 F.3 Modelling of the boundary conditions
F.4 Calculation procedure
F.4.1 Capacitive representation of the MO resistor column
145 F.4.2 Capacitive and resistive representation of the MO resistor column
F.4.3 Determination of Uct
F.5 Example calculations
146 F.5.1 Modelling of the arrester and the boundary conditions
F.5.2 Resistive effects of the metal-oxide MO resistors
F.5.3 Results and conclusions from electric field calculations
147 Figure F.1 – Typical three-phase arrester installation
Table F.1 – Results from example calculations
148 Figure F.2 – Simplified multi-stage equivalent circuit of an arrester
149 Figure F.3 – Geometry of arrester model
150 Figure F.4 – Example of voltage-current characteristic of MO resistors at +20 °C in the leakage current region
Figure F.5 – Calculated voltage stress along the MO resistor column in case B
151 Annex G (normative) Mechanical considerations
G.1 Test of bending moment
Figure G.1 – Bending moment – multi-unit surge arrester
152 G.2 Seismic test
G.3 Definition of mechanical loads
153 G.4 Definition of seal leak rate
Figure G.2 – Definition of mechanical loads
154 G.5 Calculation of wind-bending-moment
Figure G.3 – Surge arrester unit
155 G.6 Procedures of tests of bending moment for porcelain/cast resin and polymer-housed arresters
Figure G.4 – Surge-arrester dimensions
156 Figure G.5 – Flow chart of bending moment test procedures
157 Annex H (normative) Test procedure to determine the lightning impulse discharge capability
H.1 General
H.2 Selection of test samples
158 H.3 Test procedure
H.4 Test parameters for the lightning impulse discharge capability test
H.5 Measurements during the lightning impulse discharge capability test
H.6 Rated lightning impulse discharge capability
159 H.7 List of rated energy values
H.8 List of rated charge values
160 Annex I (normative) Determination of the start temperature in tests including verification of thermal stability
161 Annex J (normative) Determination of the average temperature of a multi-unit high-voltage arrester
162 Figure J.1 – Determination of average temperature in case of arrester units of same rated voltages
Figure J.2 – Determination of average temperature in case of arrester units of different rated voltages
163 Annex K (informative) Example calculation of test parameters for the operating duty test (8.7) according to the requirements of 7.3
164 Annex L (informative) Comparison of the old energy classification system based on line discharge classes and the new classification system based on thermal energy ratings for operating duty tests and repetitive charge transfer ratings for repetitive single event energies
Table L.1 – Peak currents for switching impulse residual voltage test
165 Figure L.1 – Specific energy in kJ per kV rating dependant on the ratio of switching impulse residual voltage (Ua) to the r.m.s. value of the rated voltage Ur of the arrester
Table L.2 – Parameters for the line discharge test on 20 000 A and 10 000 A arresters
167 Table L.3 – Comparison of the classification system accordingto IEC 60099-4:2009 (Ed.2.2) and to IEC 60099-4:2014 (Ed.3.0)
170 Bibliography

Related products

BS EN 60099-4:2014
$215.11