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BS EN IEC 60034-27-2:2024

BS EN IEC 60034-27-2:2024

$215.11

Rotating electrical machines – On-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding insulation

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2024 74
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
5 Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
6 English
CONTENTS
10 FOREWORD
12 INTRODUCTION
14 1 Scope
2 Normative references
15 3 Terms and definitions
17 4 Cause and effects of on-line PD
18 5 Noise and disturbances
5.1 General
5.2 Noise and disturbance sources
19 6 Measuring techniques and instruments
6.1 General
Figures
Figure 1 ā€“ Generic overview of PD measuring system and its subsystems
20 6.2 Pulse propagation in windings
6.3 Signal transfer characteristics
Figure 2 ā€“ Cascade of frequency response channels
21 Figure 3 ā€“ Idealized frequency response of a PD pulse at the PD source andat the machine terminals; frequency response of different PD measuring systems:a) low frequency range, b) high frequency range, c) very high frequency range
23 6.4 PD sensors
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Design of PD sensors
24 6.4.3 Reliability of PD sensors
6.5 PD measuring device
25 6.6 PD measuring parameters
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 PD magnitude
6.6.3 Additional PD parameters
7 Installation of measuring systems
7.1 General
7.2 Installation of PD sensors
26 7.3 Outside access point and cabling
27 7.4 Installation of the PD measuring device
7.5 Installation of operational data acquisition systems
28 8 Normalization of measurements
8.1 General
8.2 Normalization for low frequency systems
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Normalization procedure
29 8.3 Normalization / sensitivity check for high and very high frequency systems
8.3.1 Specification for the electronic pulse generation
Figure 4 ā€“ Measuring object, during normalization, neutral pointin same condition as during operation
30 Figure 5 ā€“ Arrangement for sensitivity check
31 8.3.2 Configuration of the machine
8.3.3 Sensitivity check
9 Measuring procedures
9.1 General
32 9.2 Machine operating parameters
9.3 Baseline measurement
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Comprehensive test procedure
33 9.4 Periodic measurements
Figure 6 ā€“ Recommended test procedure with consecutive loadand temperature conditions
34 9.5 Continuous measurements
10 Visualization of measurements
10.1 General
Table 1 ā€“ Operating condition stability to obtain valid trends in PD
35 10.2 Visualization of trending parameters
10.3 Visualization of PD patterns
Figure 7 ā€“ Example of the trend in peak PD activity in three phases overan 18-year interval using periodic measurements
36 Figure 8 ā€“ Examples of a PRPD pattern
37 Figure 9 ā€“ Phase to phase PD PRPD plots where the PD is caused by insufficient spacing between the endwindings of phases B and C
38 11 Interpretation of on-line measurements
11.1 General
11.2 Evaluation of basic trend parameters
39 11.3 Evaluation of PD patterns
11.3.1 General
40 11.3.2 PD pattern interpretation
11.4 Effect of machine operating factors
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Machine operating factors
41 11.4.3 Steady state load conditions
11.4.4 Transient load conditions
42 12 Test report
45 Annex A (informative)Nature of PD in rotating electrical machines
A.1 Types of PD in rotating electrical machines
A.1.1 General
A.1.2 Internal discharges
46 A.1.3 Slot discharges
A.1.4 Discharges in the end-winding
A.1.5 Conductive particles
A.2 Arcing and sparking
A.2.1 General
47 A.2.2 Arcing at broken conductors
A.2.3 Vibration sparking
48 Annex B (informative)Disturbance rejection and signal separation
B.1 General
B.2 Frequency domain separation
B.3 Time domain separation
49 B.4 Combination of frequency and time domain separation
Figure B.1 ā€“ Example for time domain separation by time of pulse arrival
50 B.5 Synchronous multi-channel measurement
Figure B.2 ā€“ Combined time and frequency domain disturbance separation(time frequency map)
51 B.6 Signal gating
Figure B.3 ā€“ 3 phase star diagram of multi-channel measurement
52 B.7 Pattern recognition
54 Annex C (informative)Examples of Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) pattern
C.1 General
C.2 Principal appearance of phase resolved PD patterns
55 Figure C.1 ā€“ Phase-earth driven PD ā€“ PD predominantly centeredon 45Ā° and 225Ā° after zero crossing of phase-to-earth voltage
56 Figure C.2 ā€“ PD events and other sources, e.g. non-PD sources, that are not centered on 45Ā° and 225Ā° after zero crossing of phase-to-earth voltage
57 C.3 Example of typical PRPD patterns recorded in laboratory
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Internal discharges
58 Figure C.3 ā€“ Example of internal void discharges PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
Figure C.4 ā€“ Example of internal delamination PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
59 C.3.3 Slot partial discharges
Figure C.5 ā€“ Example of delamination between conductorand insulation PRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
60 C.3.4 Discharges in the end-winding
Figure C.6 ā€“ Slot partial discharges activity and corresponding PRPD pattern,recorded during laboratory simulation
Figure C.7 ā€“ Corona activity at the S/C and stress grading coating,and corresponding PRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
61 Figure C.8 ā€“ Surface tracking activity along the end arm and correspondingPRPD pattern, recorded during laboratory simulation
62 Figure C.9 ā€“ Surface discharges at the junction between stress control and conductive slot coatings:a) Insulating tape simulating a bad electrical connection between conductive slot coating and stress control coating and the corresponding PRPD;b) and c) the connection is completely interrupted
63 C.4 Example of typical PRPD patterns recorded on-line
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Internal discharges
Figure C.10 ā€“ Gap type discharge activities and corresponding PRPD patterns,recorded during laboratory simulations
64 Figure C.11 ā€“ Example of internal void discharges PRPD pattern,recorded on-line
Figure C.12 ā€“ Example of internal delamination PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
65 C.4.3 Slot partial discharges
Figure C.13 ā€“ Example of delamination between conductor andinsulation PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
66 C.4.4 Discharges in the end-winding
Figure C.14 ā€“ PD pattern of phase 2 recorded on-line in April 2012without any filtering indicating slot PD
Figure C.15 ā€“ Picture of a bar removed for expertise chosen to be the one with the highest level on phase 2 and close to line side when scanning slots using the TVA probe in January 2014
Figure C.16 ā€“ PD pattern recorded on-line on phase 2 in September 2016 (maximum scale is 1 V)
67 Figure C.17 ā€“ PRPD plot and photo of a stator bar in the same phase of a large aircooled turbine generator showing signs of deterioration of the slot conductive coating, as well deterioration of the interface between the slot conductive coating and the stress control coating
Figure C.18 ā€“ Surface tracking activity along the end arm andcorresponding PRPD pattern, recorded on-line
68 Figure C.19 ā€“ Degradation caused by gap type dischargesand corresponding PRPD patterns, recorded on-line
69 C.5 Other complex examples
Figure C.20 ā€“ PRPD pattern recorded on-line, illustratingmultiple PD sources showing the complexity
70 Figure C.21 ā€“ Three phase PRPD showing phase to phase PD between A and B phases as well as B and C phases; photo showing the as-found PD in the endwinding area due to inadequate separation between the phases
71 Annex D (normative)Specifications for conventional PD coupling capacitors
D.1 General
D.2 Datasheet information
D.3 Type tests
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Voltage endurance
72 D.3.3 Tracking resistance
D.3.4 Lightning impulse test
D.3.5 Dissipation factor
D.3.6 Capacitance stability in temperature
D.3.7 Thermal cycling
D.3.8 Frequency response
D.4 Mechanical vibration and shock capabilities
73 D.5 Routine tests
D.5.1 General
D.5.2 Dielectric withstand test at power frequency
D.5.3 Partial discharge extinction voltage test
D.5.4 Capacitance and dissipation factor

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