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BS EN IEC 60336:2021:2022 Edition

BS EN IEC 60336:2021:2022 Edition

$189.07

Medical electrical equipment. X-ray tube assemblies for medical diagnosis. Focal spot dimensions and related characteristics

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 50
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IEC 60336:2020 applies to FOCAL SPOTS in medical diagnostic X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES for medical use, operating at X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGES up to and including 150 kV. This document describes the test methods employing digital detectors for determining: a) FOCAL SPOT dimensions in terms of NOMINAL FOCAL SPOT VALUES, ranging from 0,1 to 3,0; b) LINE SPREAD FUNCTIONS; c) one-dimensional MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTIONS; d) FOCAL SPOT PINHOLE RADIOGRAMS, and the means for indicating compliance. In informative annexes, STAR PATTERN imaging and BLOOMING VALUE are described. IEC 60336:2020 cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The significant changes of this fifth edition with respect to the previous edition are detailed in Clause E.6. These changes are: a) introduction of digital detectors and discretization errors; b) fewer normative requirements; c) support for both SLIT CAMERA and PINHOLE CAMERA; d) reintroduction of distorted (skewed) FOCAL SPOT; e) keeping of STAR PATTERNS and BLOOMING VALUE as informative.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 Annex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
8 English
CONTENTS
11 FOREWORD
13 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
15 4 Determinations for the evaluation of the focal spot characteristics
4.1 Statement of the focal spot characteristics
4.2 Longitudinal axis of the X-ray tube assembly
4.3 Reference axis of the X-ray tube assembly
4.4 Direction of evaluation for the focal spot length
16 4.5 Direction of evaluation for the focal spot width
4.6 Directions of evaluation for distorted focal spots
5 Focal spot camera set-up
5.1 Overview
5.2 Diaphragm of the slit camera
Figures
Figure 1 – Directions of evaluation over distorted focal spots
17 5.3 Diaphragm of the pinhole camera
Figure 2 – Essential dimensions of the slit diaphragm
18 5.4 Receptor
5.5 Test arrangement
5.5.1 Position of the slit or pinhole diaphragm normal to the reference axis
Figure 3 – Essential dimensions of the pinhole diaphragm
19 5.5.2 Position of the slit or pinhole diaphragm along the reference axis
Figure 4 – Position of the centre of the slit or pinhole diaphragm(marked as x in the figure) with respect to the reference axis
20 5.5.3 Orientation of the slit or pinhole diaphragm
5.5.4 Position and orientation of the receptor of the digital focal spot detector
Figure 5 – Reference dimensions and planes
21 5.6 Total uncertainty of the camera set-up
Figure 6 – Alignment of the receptor of the digital focal spot detectorwith respect to the slit diaphragm
Tables
Table 1 – Recommended enlargement for radiograms
22 6 Production of radiograms
6.1 Overview
6.2 Operating conditions
6.2.2 Loading factors
Table 2 – Loading factors
23 6.2.3 Special loading factors
6.2.4 Special arrangements
6.3 Production of focal spot slit radiograms, focal spot pinhole radiograms and focal spot line spread functions
6.3.1 Digital focal spot detector requirements for focal spot slit radiograms
6.3.2 Digital focal spot detector requirements for focal spot pinhole radiograms
24 6.3.3 Determination of the radiograms and of the line spread functions
6.4 Statement of compliance of the focal spot pinhole radiogram
6.5 Statement of compliance of line spread functions
25 7 Determination of focal spot dimensions and nominal focal spot values
7.1 Overview
7.2 Measurement and determination of focal spot dimensions
7.3 Specified nominal focal spot values
7.3.1 Nominal values
Figure 7 – Line spread function
26 7.3.2 Actual dimensions
Table 3 – Maximum permissible values of focal spot dimensions for nominal focal spot values
27 7.4 Statement of compliance
7.5 Marking of compliance
Figure 8 – Graphical symbols – Focal spots
28 8 Determination of the modulation transfer function
8.1 Overview
8.2 Calculation and presentation of the modulation transfer function
8.3 Statement of compliance
29 9 Alternative measurement methods for determining nominal focal spot values
30 Annex A (informative)Alignment to the reference axis
Figure A.1 – reference axis and directions of evaluation
31 Figure A.2 – Projection of the actual focal spot on the image reception plane
32 Annex B (informative)Focal spot star radiogram
Figure B.1 – Essential dimensions of the star test pattern
33 Figure B.2 – Alignment of the star pattern camera
35 Annex C (informative)Star pattern resolution limit
Figure C.1 – Illustration of the zones of minimum modulation
36 Table C.1 – Standard magnifications for star pattern resolution limit
38 Annex D (informative)Blooming value
Table D.1 – Loading factors for the determination of the blooming value
39 Annex E (informative)Historical background
40 Figure E.1 – LSFs for a typical X-ray tube with small focal spot (< 0,3 mm)
41 Figure E.2 – LSFs for a typical X-ray tube with large focal spot (≥ 0,3 mm)
Figure E.3 – Corresponding MTFs for the LSFs in Figure E.2
43 Table E.1 – Methods for evaluation of specific aspects characterising the focal spot
44 Figure E.4 – Percentage error of 15 % width
45 Figure E.5 – Percentage error of line spread function width at 15 %
46 Figure E.6 – Influence of the direction of evaluation on MTF-qualityand on line spread function width at 15 %
48 Bibliography
49 Index of defined terms

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BS EN IEC 60336:2021
$189.07