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BS EN IEC 61724-1:2021

BS EN IEC 61724-1:2021

$215.11

Photovoltaic system performance – Monitoring

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 72
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This International Standard outlines terminology, equipment, and methods for performance monitoring and analysis of photovoltaic (PV) systems. It also serves as a basis for other standards which rely upon the data collected.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
5 Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications
7 English
CONTENTS
11 FOREWORD
13 INTRODUCTION
Figure 1 – Possible elements of PV systems
14 Figures
15 1 Scope
2 Normative references
16 3 Terms and definitions
20 4 Monitoring system classification
21 5 General
5.1 Measurement precision and uncertainty
5.2 Calibration
5.3 Repeated elements
5.4 Power consumption
5.5 Documentation
5.6 Inspection
6 Data acquisition timing and reporting
6.1 Samples, records, and reports
22 Figure 2 – Samples, records and reports
23 6.2 Timestamps
6.3 Parameter names
7 Required measurements
Tables
Table 1 – Sampling and recording interval requirements
25 Table 2 – Measured parameters and requirements
28 8 Irradiance
8.1 Sensor types
8.2 General requirements
8.2.1 Overview
8.2.2 Sensor requirements
Table 3 – Multiplier referenced in Table 2
29 8.2.3 Sensor locations
Table 4 – Irradiance sensor requirements
30 8.2.4 Recalibration
8.2.5 Soiling mitigation
8.2.6 Dew and frost mitigation
31 8.2.7 Inspection and maintenance
8.2.8 Sensor alignment
8.3 Measurements
8.3.1 Global horizontal irradiance
8.3.2 In-plane irradiance
32 8.3.3 In-plane rear-side irradiance
8.3.4 In-plane rear-side irradiance ratio
8.3.5 Horizontal albedo
8.3.6 Direct normal irradiance
8.3.7 Diffuse horizontal irradiance
8.3.8 Spectrally matched irradiance
33 8.3.9 In-plane irradiance for concentrator systems
34 8.3.10 Spectral irradiance for concentrator systems
8.3.11 Circumsolar measurements for concentrator systems
35 8.3.12 Satellite remote sensing of irradiance
36 9 Environmental factors
9.1 PV module temperature
9.2 Ambient air temperature
37 9.3 Wind speed and direction
9.4 Soiling ratio
38 9.5 Rainfall
9.6 Snow
9.7 Humidity
10 Tracker system
10.1 Single-axis trackers
10.2 Dual-axis trackers
10.2.1 Monitoring
10.2.2 Pointing error sensor alignment
39 11 Electrical measurements
11.1 Inverter-level measurements
11.2 Plant-level measurements
Table 5 – Inverter-level electrical measurement requirements
Table 6 – Plant-level AC electrical output measurement requirements
40 12 Data processing and quality check
12.1 Night
12.2 Quality check
12.2.1 Removing invalid readings
12.2.2 Treatment of missing data
41 13 Calculated parameters
13.1 Overview
13.2 Summations
13.3 Irradiation
Table 7 – Calculated parameters
42 13.4 Electrical energy
13.4.1 General
13.4.2 DC output energy
13.4.3 AC output energy
13.5 Array power rating
13.5.1 DC power rating
43 13.5.2 AC power rating
13.6 Yields
13.6.1 General
13.6.2 PV array energy yield
13.6.3 Final system yield
44 13.6.4 Reference yield
13.6.5 Bifacial reference yield
13.7 Yield losses
13.7.1 General
13.7.2 Array capture loss
45 13.7.3 Balance of systems (BOS) loss
13.8 Efficiencies
13.8.1 Array (DC) efficiency
13.8.2 System (AC) efficiency
13.8.3 BOS efficiency
46 14 Performance metrics
14.1 Overview
14.2 Summations
14.3 Performance ratios
14.3.1 Performance ratio
Table 8 – Performance metrics
47 14.3.2 Temperature-corrected performance ratios
49 14.3.3 Bifacial performance ratios
14.4 Performance indices
50 15 Data filtering
15.1 Use of available data
15.2 Filtering data to specific conditions
15.3 Reduced inverter, grid, or load availability
51 Annexes
Annex A (informative) Sampling interval
A.1 General considerations
A.2 Time constants
A.3 Aliasing error
52 A.4 Example
53 Annex B (informative) Module temperature sensor selection and attachment
B.1 Objective
B.2 Sensor and material selection
B.2.1 Optimal sensor types
B.2.2 Optimal tapes
54 B.2.3 Cyanoacrylate adhesives and backsheet integrity
B.3 Sensor attachment
B.3.1 Permanent versus temporary
B.3.2 Attachment location
B.3.3 Bifacial modules
B.3.4 Method
55 Figure B.1 – Sensor attachment, permanent
Figure B.2 – Sensor attachment, temporary
56 Figure B.3 – Sensor element wire strain relief
57 Annex C (normative) Soiling measurement using clean and soiled PV reference device pair
C.1 Overview
C.2 Equipment
C.3 Normalization
58 C.4 Measurement method 1 – max power reduction due to soiling
C.5 Measurement method 2 – short-circuit current reduction due to soiling
C.6 Non-uniform soiling
59 C.7 Daily average value
C.8 Renormalization
60 Annex D (informative) Derate factors
62 Annex E (normative) Systems with local loads, storage, or auxiliary sources
E.1 System types
Figure E.1 – Energy flow between possible elements of different PV system types
63 Table E.1 – Elements of different PV system types
64 E.2 Parameters and formulas
Table E.2 – Parameters and formulas for different system types
71 Bibliography

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BS EN IEC 61724-1:2021
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