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BS EN IEC 62368-1:2024

BS EN IEC 62368-1:2024

$215.11

Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment – Safety requirements

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2024 396
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 European foreword
Endorsement notice
5 English
CONTENTS
23 FOREWORD
26 INTRODUCTION
0 Principles of this product safety standard
0.1 Objective
0.2 Persons
0.2.1 General
0.2.2 Ordinary person
0.2.3 Instructed person
0.2.4 Skilled person
27 0.3 Model for pain and injury
0.4 Energy sources
Figures
Figure 1 – Three block model for pain and injury
Tables
Table 1 – Response to energy class
28 0.5 Safeguards
0.5.1 General
Figure 2 – Three block model for safety
Table 2 – Examples of body response or property damage related to energy sources
29 0.5.2 Equipment safeguard
0.5.3 Installation safeguard
30 0.5.4 Personal safeguard
0.5.5 Behavioural safeguards
31 0.5.6 Safeguards during ordinary or instructed person service conditions
0.5.7 Equipment safeguards during skilled person service conditions
0.5.8 Examples of safeguard characteristics
32 0.6 Electrically-caused pain or injury (electric shock)
0.6.1 Models for electrically-caused pain or injury
Table 3 – Examples of safeguard characteristics
33 0.6.2 Models for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury
Figure 3 – Schematic and model for electrically-caused pain or injury
Figure 4 – Model for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury
34 0.7 Electrically-caused fire
0.7.1 Models for electrically-caused fire
0.7.2 Models for protection against electrically-caused fire
Figure 5 – Model for electrically-caused fire
35 0.8 Injury caused by hazardous substances
0.9 Mechanically-caused injury
Figure 6 – Models for protection against fire
36 0.10 Thermally-caused injury (skin burn)
0.10.1 Models for thermally-caused injury
37 0.10.2 Models for protection against thermally-caused pain or injury
Figure 7 – Schematic and model for thermally-caused injury
Figure 8 – Model for protection against thermally-caused injury
38 0.11 Radiation-caused injury
39 1 Scope
40 2 Normative references
47 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Energy source abbreviated terms
49 3.2 Other abbreviated terms
50 3.3 Terms and definitions
53 3.3.1 Circuit terms
54 3.3.2 Enclosure terms
3.3.3 Equipment terms
56 3.3.4 Flammability terms
57 3.3.5 Electrical insulation
58 3.3.6 Miscellaneous
61 3.3.7 Operating and fault conditions
62 3.3.8 Persons
63 3.3.9 Potential ignition sources
3.3.10 Ratings
64 3.3.11 Safeguards
66 3.3.12 Spacings
3.3.13 Temperature controls
3.3.14 Voltages and currents
67 3.3.15 Classes of equipment with respect to protection from electric shock
68 3.3.16 Chemical terms
3.3.17 Batteries
69 3.3.18 FIW terms
3.3.19 Sound exposure
70 4 General requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Application of requirements and acceptance of materials, components and subassemblies
71 4.1.2 Use of components
4.1.3 Equipment design and construction
72 4.1.4 Equipment installation
4.1.5 Constructions and components not specifically covered
4.1.6 Orientation during transport and use
4.1.7 Choice of criteria
4.1.8 Liquids, refrigerants and liquid filled components (LFCs)
73 4.1.9 Electrical measuring instruments
4.1.10 Temperature measurements
4.1.11 Steady state conditions
4.1.12 Hierarchy of safeguards
4.1.13 Examples mentioned in this document
74 4.1.14 Tests on parts or samples separate from the end-product
4.1.15 Markings and instructions
4.2 Energy source classifications
4.2.1 Class 1 energy source
4.2.2 Class 2 energy source
4.2.3 Class 3 energy source
4.2.4 Energy source classification by declaration
4.3 Protection against energy sources
4.3.1 General
75 4.3.2 Safeguards for protection of an ordinary person
Figure 9 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 1 energy source
Figure 10 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy source
Figure 11 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 2 energy source during ordinary person servicing conditions
76 4.3.3 Safeguards for protection of an instructed person
Figure 12 – Model for protection of an ordinary person against a class 3 energy source
Figure 13 – Model for protection of an instructed personagainst a class 1 energy source
Figure 14 – Model for protection of an instructed personagainst a class 2 energy source
77 4.3.4 Safeguards for protection of a skilled person
Figure 15 – Model for protection of an instructed personagainst a class 3 energy source
Figure 16 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 1 energy source
Figure 17 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 2 energy source
Figure 18 – Model for protection of a skilled person against a class 3 energy source
78 4.3.5 Safeguards in a restricted access area
4.4 Safeguards
4.4.1 Equivalent materials or components
4.4.2 Composition of a safeguard
4.4.3 Safeguard robustness
Figure 19 – Model for protection of a skilled person against class 3 energy sources during equipment servicing conditions
81 4.4.4 Displacement of a safeguard by an insulating liquid
4.4.5 Safety interlocks
4.5 Explosion
4.5.1 General
82 4.5.2 Requirements
4.6 Fixing of conductors and conductive parts
4.6.1 Requirements
4.6.2 Compliance criteria
4.7 Equipment for direct insertion into mains socket-outlets
4.7.1 General
83 4.7.2 Requirements
4.7.3 Compliance criteria
4.8 Equipment containing coin or button cell batteries
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Instructional safeguard
84 4.8.3 Construction
4.8.4 Tests
85 4.8.5 Compliance criteria
86 4.9 Likelihood of fire or shock due to entry of conductive objects
4.10 Components requirements
4.10.1 Disconnect device
4.10.2 Switches and relays
4.10.3 Mains power supply cords
Figure 20 – Test hook
87 4.10.4 Batteries and their protection circuits
5 Electrically-caused injury
5.1 General
5.2 Classification and limits of electrical energy sources
5.2.1 Electrical energy source classifications
5.2.2 Electrical energy source ES1 and ES2 limits
88 Figure 21 – Illustration showing ES limits for voltage and current
89 Table 4 – Electrical energy source limits for steady state ES1 and ES2
90 Figure 22 – Maximum values for combined AC current and DC current
Figure 23 – Maximum values for combined AC voltage and DC voltage
91 Table 5 – Electrical energy source limits for a charged capacitor
92 Table 6 – Voltage limits for single pulses
Table 7 – Current limits for single pulses
93 5.3 Protection against electrical energy sources
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguards
94 Figure 24 – Contact requirements to bare internal conductive parts
95 Table 8 – Minimum air gap distance
96 5.4 Insulation materials and requirements
5.4.1 General
97 Table 9 – Temperature limits for materials, components and systems
101 5.4.2 Clearances
103 Table 10 – Minimum clearances for voltages with frequencies up to 30 kHz
104 Table 11 – Minimum clearances for voltages with frequencies above 30 kHz
105 Table 12 – Mains transient voltages
107 Table 13 – External circuit ID assignment and associated transient voltages
110 Table 14 – Minimum clearances using required withstand voltage
111 Table 15 – Electric strength test voltages
112 5.4.3 Creepage distances
Table 16 – Multiplication factors for clearances and test voltages
115 Table 17 – Minimum creepage distances for basic insulation and supplementary insulation in mm
116 5.4.4 Solid insulation
Table 18 – Minimum values of creepage distances (in mm) for frequencies higher than 30 kHz and up to 400 kHz
119 Table 19 – Tests for insulation in non-separable layers
120 Figure 25 – Mandrel
121 Figure 26 – Initial position of mandrel
Figure 27 – Final position of mandrel
Figure 28 – Position of metal foil on insulating material
124 Table 20 – Electric field strength EP for some commonly used materials
125 Table 21 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength EP at higher frequencies
Table 22 – Reduction factors for the value of breakdown electric field strength EP at higher frequencies for thin materials
126 5.4.5 Antenna terminal insulation
5.4.6 Insulation of internal wire as a part of a supplementary safeguard
Table 23 – Values for insulation resistance
127 5.4.7 Tests for semiconductor components and for cemented joints
5.4.8 Humidity conditioning
Table 24 – Distance through insulation of internal wiring
128 5.4.9 Electric strength test
129 Table 25 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on transient voltages
Table 26 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working voltages and recurring peak voltages
130 Figure 29 – Example of electric strength test instrument for solid insulation
Table 27 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on temporary overvoltages
131 5.4.10 Safeguards against transient voltages from external circuits
Figure 30 – Application points of test voltage
132 Table 28 – Test values for electric strength tests
133 5.4.11 Separation between external circuits and earth
134 5.4.12 Insulating liquid
Figure 31 – Test for separation between an external circuit and earth
135 5.5 Components as safeguards
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Capacitors and RC units
136 5.5.3 Transformers
137 5.5.4 Optocouplers
5.5.5 Relays
5.5.6 Resistors
5.5.7 Surge suppressors
Table 29 – Overview of tests for resistor applications
138 5.5.8 Insulation between the mains and an external circuit consisting of a coaxial cable
139 5.5.9 Safeguards for socket-outlets in outdoor equipment
5.6 Protective conductor
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Requirements for protective conductors
140 5.6.3 Requirements for protective earthing conductors
Table 30 – Protective earthing conductor sizes for reinforced safeguards for permanently connected equipment
141 5.6.4 Requirements for protective bonding conductors
142 Table 31 – Minimum protective bonding conductor size of copper conductors
143 5.6.5 Terminals for protective conductors
144 Table 32 – Sizes of terminals for protective conductors
145 5.6.6 Resistance of the protective bonding system
Table 33 – Test duration, mains connected equipment
146 5.6.7 Reliable connection of a protective earthing conductor
5.6.8 Functional earthing
147 5.7 Prospective touch voltage, touch current and protective conductor current
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Measuring devices and networks
5.7.3 Equipment set-up, supply connections and earth connections
148 5.7.4 Unearthed accessible parts
5.7.5 Earthed accessible conductive parts
5.7.6 Requirements when touch current exceeds ES2 limits
149 5.7.7 Prospective touch voltage and touch current associated with external circuits
150 5.7.8 Summation of touch currents from external circuits
Figure 32 – Test circuit for touch current of single-phase equipment
Figure 33 – Test circuit for touch current of three-phase equipment
152 5.8 Backfeed safeguard in battery backed up supplies
6 Electrically-caused fire
6.1 General
6.2 Classification of power sources and potential ignition sources
6.2.1 General
153 6.2.2 Power source circuit classifications
154 Figure 34 – Power measurement for worst-case load fault
155 Figure 35 – Power measurement for worst-case power source fault
156 6.2.3 Classification of potential ignition sources
Figure 36 – Illustration of power source classification
157 6.3 Safeguards against fire under normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions
6.3.1 Requirements
158 6.3.2 Compliance criteria
6.4 Safeguards against fire under single fault conditions
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in PS1 circuits
159 6.4.3 Reduction of the likelihood of ignition under single fault conditions in PS2 circuits and PS3 circuits
160 6.4.4 Control of fire spread in PS1 circuits
6.4.5 Control of fire spread in PS2 circuits
161 6.4.6 Control of fire spread in a PS3 circuit
162 6.4.7 Separation of combustible materials from a PIS
Figure 37 – Minimum separation requirements from a PIS
163 Figure 38 – Extended separation requirements from a PIS
164 6.4.8 Fire enclosures and fire barriers
Figure 39 – Deflected separation requirements from a PIS when a fire barrier is used
166 Figure 40 – Determination of top, bottom and side openings
167 Figure 41 – Top openings
168 Figure 42 – Bottom openings
Figure 43 – Baffle plate construction
169 Figure 44 – Application of bottom opening requirements
170 Figure 45 – Application of bottom opening properties to side enclosure material thickness
171 Figure 46 – PIS trajectory downwards
172 6.4.9 Flammability of an insulating liquid
6.5 Internal and external wiring
6.5.1 General requirements
6.5.2 Requirements for interconnection to building wiring
173 6.5.3 Internal wiring for socket-outlets
6.6 Safeguards against fire due to the connection of additional equipment
7 Injury caused by hazardous substances
7.1 General
7.2 Reduction of exposure to hazardous substances
7.3 Ozone exposure
174 7.4 Use of personal safeguards or personal protective equipment (PPE)
7.5 Use of instructional safeguards and instructions
8 Mechanically-caused injury
8.1 General
8.2 Mechanical energy source classifications
8.2.1 General classification
175 Table 34 – Classification for various categories of mechanical energy sources
176 Figure 47 – Limits for moving fan blades made of non-plastic materials
Figure 48 – Limits for moving fan blades made of plastic materials
177 8.2.2 MS1
8.2.3 MS2
8.2.4 MS3
8.3 Safeguards against mechanical energy sources
8.4 Safeguards against parts with sharp edges and corners
8.4.1 Requirements
178 8.4.2 Compliance criteria
8.5 Safeguards against moving parts
8.5.1 Requirements
179 8.5.2 Instructional safeguard requirements
8.5.3 Compliance criteria
8.5.4 Special categories of equipment containing moving parts
184 8.5.5 High pressure lamps
185 8.6 Stability of equipment
8.6.1 Requirements
186 Table 35 – Overview of requirements and tests
187 8.6.2 Static stability
188 8.6.3 Relocation stability
189 8.6.4 Glass slide test
8.6.5 Horizontal force test and compliance criteria
8.7 Equipment mounted to a wall, ceiling or other structure
8.7.1 Requirements
8.7.2 Test methods
191 8.7.3 Compliance criteria
8.8 Handle strength
8.8.1 General
8.8.2 Test method
Table 36 – Torque to be applied to screws
192 8.9 Wheels or casters attachment requirements
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Test method
8.10 Carts, stands, and similar carriers
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Marking and instructions
193 8.10.3 Cart, stand or carrier loading test and compliance criteria
194 8.10.4 Cart, stand or carrier impact test
8.10.5 Mechanical stability
8.10.6 Thermoplastic temperature stability
8.11 Mounting means for slide-rail mounted equipment (SRME)
8.11.1 General
195 8.11.2 Requirements
8.11.3 Mechanical strength test
196 8.11.4 Compliance criteria
8.12 Telescoping or rod antennas
197 9 Thermal burn injury
9.1 General
9.2 Thermal energy source classifications
9.2.1 TS1
9.2.2 TS2
9.2.3 TS3
9.3 Touch temperature limits
9.3.1 Requirements
9.3.2 Test method and compliance criteria
199 Table 37 – Touch temperature limits for accessible parts
200 9.4 Safeguards against thermal energy sources
9.5 Requirements for safeguards
9.5.1 Equipment safeguard
9.5.2 Instructional safeguard
201 9.6 Requirements for wireless power transmitters
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Specification of the foreign objects
Figure 49 – Steel disc
202 Figure 50 – Aluminium ring
203 9.6.3 Test method and compliance criteria
Figure 51 – Aluminium foil
204 10 Radiation
10.1 General
10.2 Radiation energy source classifications
10.2.1 General classification
205 Table 38 – Radiation energy source classifications
206 10.2.2 RS1
10.2.3 RS2
207 10.2.4 RS3
10.3 Safeguards against laser radiation
10.4 Safeguards against optical radiation from lamps and lamp systems (including LED types)
10.4.1 General requirements
208 10.4.2 Requirements for equipment safeguards
10.4.3 Instructional safeguard
Table 39 – Allowable radiation level according to IEC 62471 for each hazard type
209 Table 40 – Hazard-related risk group marking of equipment
210 10.4.4 Compliance criteria
Figure 52 – Example of a warning label for a lamp with multiple hazard spectral regions
Table 41 – Explanation of marking information and guidance on control measures
211 10.5 Safeguards against X-radiation
10.5.1 Requirements
10.5.2 Compliance criteria
10.5.3 Test method
10.6 Safeguards against acoustic energy sources
10.6.1 General
212 10.6.2 Classification
213 10.6.3 Requirements for dose-based systems
214 10.6.4 Measurement methods
10.6.5 Protection of persons
215 10.6.6 Requirements for listening devices (headphones, earphones, etc.)
216 Annexes
Annex A (informative) Examples of equipment within the scope of this document
217 Annex B (normative) Normal operating condition tests, abnormal operating condition tests and single fault condition tests
B.1 General
B.1.1 Test applicability
B.1.2 Type of test
B.1.3 Test samples
B.1.4 Compliance by inspection of relevant data
B.1.5 Temperature measurement conditions
218 B.1.6 Specific output conditions
B.2 Normal operating conditions
B.2.1 General
B.2.2 Supply frequency
219 B.2.3 Supply voltage
B.2.4 Normal operating voltages
B.2.5 Input test
220 B.2.6 Operating temperature measurement conditions
221 B.2.7 Battery charging and discharging under normal operating conditions
B.3 Simulated abnormal operating conditions
B.3.1 General
B.3.2 Covering of ventilation openings
222 B.3.3 DC mains polarity test
B.3.4 Setting of voltage selector
B.3.5 Maximum load at output terminals
B.3.6 Reverse battery polarity
B.3.7 Audio amplifier abnormal operating conditions
B.3.8 Compliance criteria during and after abnormal operating conditions
223 B.4 Simulated single fault conditions
B.4.1 General
B.4.2 Temperature controlling device
B.4.3 Motor tests
224 B.4.4 Functional insulation
B.4.5 Short-circuit and interruption of electrodes in tubes and semiconductors
B.4.6 Short-circuit or disconnection of passive components
225 B.4.7 Continuous operation of components
B.4.8 Compliance criteria during and after single fault conditions
B.4.9 Battery charging and discharging under single fault conditions
226 Annex C (normative) UV radiation
C.1 Protection of materials in equipment from UV radiation
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 Requirements
C.1.3 Test method and compliance criteria
Table C.1 – Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure
227 C.2 UV light conditioning test
C.2.1 Test apparatus
C.2.2 Mounting of test samples
C.2.3 Carbon-arc light-exposure test
C.2.4 Xenon-arc light-exposure test
228 Annex D (normative) Test generators
D.1 Impulse test generators
D.2 Antenna interface test generator
Figure D.1 – 1,2/50 μs and 10/700 μs voltage impulse generator
229 D.3 Electronic pulse generator
Figure D.2 – Antenna interface test generator circuit
Figure D.3 – Example of an electronic pulse generator
Table D.1 – Component values for Figure D.1 and Figure D.2
230 Annex E (normative) Test conditions for equipment intended to amplify audio signals
E.1 Electrical energy source classification for audio signals
E.2 Audio signals used during test
E.2.1 Pink noise test signal
Table E.1 – Audio signal electrical energy source classes and safeguards
231 E.2.2 Sine-wave signal
E.3 Operating conditions of equipment containing an audio amplifier
E.3.1 Normal operating conditions
232 E.3.2 Abnormal operating conditions
E.3.3 Audio equipment temperature measurement conditions
233 Annex F (normative) Equipment markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards
F.1 General
F.2 Letter symbols and graphical symbols
F.2.1 Letter symbols
F.2.2 Graphical symbols
F.2.3 Compliance criteria
F.3 Equipment markings
F.3.1 Equipment marking locations
234 F.3.2 Equipment identification markings
F.3.3 Equipment rating markings
237 F.3.4 Voltage setting device
F.3.5 Markings on terminals and operating devices
238 F.3.6 Equipment markings related to equipment classification
239 F.3.7 Equipment IP rating marking
F.3.8 External power supply unit output marking
240 F.3.9 Durability, legibility and permanence of markings
F.3.10 Test for the permanence of markings
F.4 Instructions
241 F.5 Instructional safeguards
242 Figure F.1 – Example of an instructional safeguard
Table F.1 – Instructional safeguard element description and examples
243 Table F.2 – Examples of markings, instructions, and instructional safeguards
244 Annex G (normative) Components
G.1 Switches
G.1.1 General
G.1.2 Requirements
245 G.1.3 Test method and compliance criteria
G.2 Relays
G.2.1 Requirements and compliance criteria
Table G.1 – Peak surge current
246 G.2.2 Overload test
G.2.3 Relay controlling connectors supplying power to other equipment
G.2.4 Test method and compliance criteria
G.3 Protective devices
G.3.1 Thermal cut-offs
248 G.3.2 Thermal links
G.3.3 PTC thermistors
249 G.3.4 Overcurrent protective devices
G.3.5 Safeguard components not mentioned in G.3.1 to G.3.4
G.4 Connectors
G.4.1 Clearance and creepage distance requirements
250 G.4.2 Mains connectors
G.4.3 Connectors other than mains connectors
G.5 Wound components
G.5.1 Wire insulation in wound components
G.5.2 Endurance test
251 Table G.2 – Test temperature and testing time (days) per cycle
252 G.5.3 Transformers
254 Table G.3 – Temperature limits for transformer windings and for motor windings (except for the motor running overload test)
255 Figure G.1 – Determination of arithmetic average temperature
256 Table G.4 – Test voltages for electric strength tests based on the peak of the working voltages
258 Figure G.2 – Test voltages
259 Table G.5 – Values of FIW wires with minimum overall diameter and minimum test voltages according to the total enamel increase
260 G.5.4 Motors
261 Table G.6 – Temperature limits for running overload tests
264 G.6 Wire insulation
G.6.1 General
265 G.6.2 Enamelled winding wire insulation
G.7 Mains power supply cords and interconnection cables
G.7.1 General
266 G.7.2 Cross sectional area
267 Table G.7 – Sizes of conductors
268 G.7.3 Cord anchorages and strain relief
Table G.8 – Strain relief test force
269 G.7.4 Cord entry
G.7.5 Non-detachable cord bend protection
270 G.7.6 Supply wiring space
Table G.9 – Range of conductor sizes to be accepted by terminals
271 G.8 Varistors
G.8.1 General
272 G.8.2 Safeguards against fire
273 Table G.10 – Varistor overload and temporary overvoltage test
274 G.9 Integrated circuit (IC) current limiters
G.9.1 Requirements
G.9.2 Test program
275 G.9.3 Compliance criteria
G.10 Resistors
G.10.1 General
G.10.2 Conditioning
Table G.11 – Performance test program for integrated circuit (IC) current limiters
276 G.10.3 Resistor test
G.10.4 Voltage surge test
G.10.5 Impulse test
G.10.6 Overload test
G.11 Capacitors and RC units
G.11.1 General
G.11.2 Conditioning of capacitors and RC units
277 G.11.3 Rules for selecting capacitors
Table G.12 – Capacitor ratings according to IEC 60384-14
278 G.12 Optocouplers
G.13 Printed boards
G.13.1 General
G.13.2 Uncoated printed boards
G.13.3 Coated printed boards
279 G.13.4 Insulation between conductors on the same inner surface
Table G.13 – Minimum separation distances for coated printed boards
280 G.13.5 Insulation between conductors on different surfaces
G.13.6 Tests on coated printed boards
Table G.14 – Insulation in printed boards
281 Figure G.3 – Thermal ageing time
282 G.14 Coatings on component terminals
G.14.1 Requirements
G.14.2 Test method and compliance criteria
Figure G.4 – Abrasion resistance test for coating layers
283 G.15 Pressurized liquid filled components or LFC assemblies
G.15.1 Requirements
G.15.2 Test methods and compliance criteria for self-contained LFC
284 G.15.3 Test methods and compliance criteria for a modular LFC
286 G.16 IC that includes a capacitor discharge function (ICX)
G.16.1 Requirements
G.16.2 Tests
G.16.3 Compliance criteria
287 Annex H (normative) Criteria for telephone ringing signals
H.1 General
H.2 Method A
288 Figure H.1 – Definition of ringing period and cadence cycle
289 H.3 Method B
H.3.1 Ringing signal
Figure H.2 – ITS1 limit curve for cadenced ringing signal
Figure H.3 – Peak and peak-to-peak currents
290 H.3.2 Tripping device and monitoring voltage
291 Figure H.4 – Ringing voltage trip criteria
292 Annex I (informative) Overvoltage categories (see IEC 60364-4-44)
Table I.1 – Overvoltage categories
293 Annex J (normative) Insulated winding wires for use without interleaved insulation
J.1 General
J.2 Type tests
J.2.1 General
J.2.2 Electric strength
294 J.2.3 Flexibility and adherence
J.2.4 Heat shock
Table J.1 – Mandrel diameter
295 J.2.5 Retention of electric strength after bending
J.3 Testing during manufacturing
J.3.1 General
J.3.2 Spark test
Table J.2 – Oven temperature
296 J.3.3 Sampling test
297 Annex K (normative) Safety interlocks
K.1 General
K.1.1 General requirements
K.1.2 Test method and compliance criteria
298 K.2 Components of the safety interlock safeguard mechanism
K.3 Inadvertent change of operating mode
K.4 Interlock safeguard override
K.5 Fail-safe
K.5.1 Requirement
K.5.2 Test method and compliance criteria
299 K.6 Mechanically operated safety interlocks
K.6.1 Endurance requirement
K.6.2 Test method and compliance criteria
K.7 Interlock circuit isolation
K.7.1 Separation distances for contact gaps and interlock circuit elements
300 K.7.2 Overload test
K.7.3 Endurance test
K.7.4 Electric strength test
301 Annex L (normative) Disconnect devices
L.1 General requirements
L.2 Permanently connected equipment
L.3 Parts that remain energized
302 L.4 Single-phase equipment
L.5 Three-phase equipment
L.6 Switches as disconnect devices
L.7 Plugs as disconnect devices
L.8 Multiple power sources
303 L.9 Compliance criteria
304 Annex M (normative) Equipment containing batteries and their protection circuits
M.1 General requirements
M.2 Safety of batteries and their cells
M.2.1 Requirements
M.2.2 Compliance criteria
305 M.3 Protection circuits for batteries provided within the equipment
M.3.1 Requirements
M.3.2 Test method
306 M.3.3 Compliance criteria
M.4 Additional safeguards for equipment containing a secondary lithium battery
M.4.1 General
307 M.4.2 Charging safeguards
309 M.4.3 Fire enclosure
M.4.4 Drop test of equipment containing a secondary lithium battery
310 M.5 Risk of burn due to short-circuit during carrying
M.5.1 Requirements
M.5.2 Test method and compliance criteria
311 M.6 Safeguards against short-circuits
M.6.1 Requirements
M.6.2 Compliance criteria
M.7 Risk of explosion from lead acid and NiCd batteries
M.7.1 Ventilation preventing an explosive gas concentration
312 M.7.2 Test method and compliance criteria
314 Table M.1 – Values for current Ifloat and Iboost, factors fg and fs, and voltages Ufloat and Uboost
315 M.7.3 Ventilation tests
316 M.7.4 Marking requirement
M.8 Protection against internal ignition from external spark sources of rechargeable batteries with aqueous electrolyte
M.8.1 General
317 M.8.2 Test method
319 M.9 Preventing electrolyte spillage
M.9.1 Protection from electrolyte spillage
M.9.2 Tray for preventing electrolyte spillage
Figure M.1 – Distance d as a function of the rated capacity for various charge currents I (mA/Ah)
320 M.10 Instructions to prevent reasonably foreseeable misuse
321 Annex N (normative) Electrochemical potentials (V)
323 Annex O (normative) Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
Figure O.1 – Narrow groove
Table O.1 – Value of X
324 Figure O.2 – Wide groove
Figure O.3 – V-shaped groove
Figure O.4 – Intervening unconnected conductive part
Figure O.5 – Rib
325 Figure O.6 – Uncemented joint with narrow groove
Figure O.7 – Uncemented joint with wide groove
Figure O.8 – Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves
326 Figure O.9 – Narrow recess
Figure O.10 – Wide recess
327 Figure O.11 – Coating around terminals
Figure O.12 – Coating over printed wiring
328 Figure O.13 – Example of measurements in an enclosure of insulating material
Figure O.14 – Cemented joints in multi-layer printed boards
329 Figure O.15 – Device filled with insulating compound
Figure O.16 – Partitioned bobbin
330 Annex P (normative) Safeguards against conductive objects
P.1 General
P.2 Safeguards against entry or consequences of entry of a foreign object
P.2.1 General
331 Figure P.1 – Examples of cross-sections of designsof top openings which prevent vertical entry
Figure P.2 – Examples of cross-sections of designsof side opening louvres which prevent vertical entry
Figure P.3 – Enclosure thicknessSafeguards against the consequences of entry of a foreign object
332 P.2.2 Safeguard requirements
333 Figure P.4 – Internal volume locus for foreign object entry
334 P.2.3 Consequence of entry test
P.3 Safeguards against spillage of internal liquids
P.3.1 General
P.3.2 Determination of spillage consequences
P.3.3 Spillage safeguards
335 P.3.4 Compliance criteria
P.4 Metallized coatings and adhesives securing parts
P.4.1 General
P.4.2 Tests
338 Annex Q (normative) Circuits intended for interconnection with building wiring
Q.1 Limited power source
Q.1.1 Requirements
Q.1.2 Test method and compliance criteria
339 Q.2 Test for external circuits – paired conductor cable
Table Q.1 – Limits for inherently limited power sources
Table Q.2 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited (overcurrent protective device required)
341 Annex R (normative) Limited short-circuit test
R.1 General
R.2 Test setup
R.3 Test method
342 R.4 Compliance criteria
343 Annex S (normative) Tests for resistance to heat and fire
S.1 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier materials of equipment where the steady state power does not exceed 4 000 W
344 S.2 Flammability test for fire enclosure and fire barrier integrity
345 Figure S.1 – Top openings / surface of fire enclosure or fire barrier
346 S.3 Flammability tests for the bottom of a fire enclosure
S.3.1 Mounting of samples
S.3.2 Test method and compliance criteria
S.4 Flammability classification of materials
Table S.1 – Foamed materials
Table S.2 – Rigid materials
347 S.5 Flammability test for fire enclosure materials of equipment with a steady state power exceeding 4 000 W
Table S.3 – Very thin materials
348 S.6 Grille covering material, cloth, and reticulated foam
349 Annex T (normative) Mechanical strength tests
T.1 General
T.2 Steady force test, 10 N
T.3 Steady force test, 30 N
T.4 Steady force test, 100 N
T.5 Steady force test, 250 N
T.6 Enclosure impact test
350 T.7 Drop test
T.8 Stress relief test
Figure T.1 – Impact test using sphere
351 T.9 Glass impact test
T.10 Glass fragmentation test
Table T.1 – Impact force
352 T.11 Test for telescoping or rod antennas
Table T.2 – Torque values for end-piece test
353 Annex U (normative) Mechanical strength of CRTs and protection against the effects of implosion
U.1 General
354 U.2 Test method and compliance criteria for non-intrinsically protected CRTs
U.3 Protective screen
355 Annex V (normative) Determination of accessible parts
V.1 Accessible parts of equipment
V.1.1 General
V.1.2 Test method 1 – Surfaces and openings tested with jointed test probes
356 V.1.3 Test method 2 – Openings tested with straight unjointed test probes
357 Figure V.1 – Jointed test probe for equipment likely to be accessible to children
358 Figure V.2 – Jointed test probe for equipment not likely to be accessible to children
359 V.1.4 Test method 3 – Plugs, jacks, connectors
V.1.5 Test method 4 – Slot openings
Figure V.3 – Blunt probe
360 V.1.6 Test method 5 – Terminals intended to be used by an ordinary person
Figure V.4 – Wedge probe
361 V.2 Accessible part criterion
Figure V.5 – Terminal probe
362 Annex W (informative) Comparison of terms introduced in this document
W.1 General
W.2 Comparison of terms
Table W.1 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60664-1:2020 and IEC 623681
364 Table W.2 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 61140:2016 and IEC 623681
367 Table W.3 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60950-1:2005 and IEC 623681
371 Table W.4 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60728-11:2016 and IEC 62368-1
373 Table W.5 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 62151:2000 and IEC 62368-1
374 Table W.6 – Comparison of terms and definitions in IEC 60065:2014 and IEC 62368-1
377 Annex X (normative) Alternative method for determining clearances for insulation in circuits connected to an AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
Table X.1 – Alternative minimum clearances for insulation in circuits connected to AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
378 Table X.2 – Additional clearances for insulation in circuits connected to AC mains not exceeding 420 V peak (300 V RMS)
379 Annex Y (normative) Construction requirements for outdoor enclosures
Y.1 General
Y.2 Resistance to UV radiation
Y.3 Resistance to corrosion
Y.3.1 General
380 Y.3.2 Test apparatus
Y.3.3 Water – saturated sulphur dioxide atmosphere
Y.3.4 Test procedure
381 Y.3.5 Compliance criteria
Y.4 Gaskets
Y.4.1 General
Y.4.2 Gasket tests
Y.4.3 Tensile strength and elongation tests
382 Y.4.4 Compression test
383 Y.4.5 Oil resistance
Y.4.6 Securing means
Figure Y.1 – Gasket test
384 Y.5 Protection of equipment within an outdoor enclosure
Y.5.1 General
Y.5.2 Protection from moisture
Table Y.1 – Examples of the provision of pollution degree environments
385 Y.5.3 Water spray test
386 Figure Y.2 – Water-spray test spray-head piping
387 Y.5.4 Protection from plants and vermin
Figure Y.3 – Water-spray test spray head
388 Y.5.5 Protection from excessive dust
Y.6 Mechanical strength of enclosures
Y.6.1 General
389 Y.6.2 Impact test
390 Bibliography

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BS EN IEC 62368-1:2024
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