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BS EN ISO 21432:2020

BS EN ISO 21432:2020

$198.66

Non-destructive testing. Standard test method for determining residual stresses by neutron diffraction

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2020 56
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This document describes the test method for determining residual stresses in polycrystalline materials by neutron diffraction. It is applicable to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials including those containing distinct phases.

The principles of the neutron diffraction technique are outlined. Suggestions are provided on:

  • the selection of appropriate diffracting lattice planes on which measurements should be made for different categories of materials,

  • the specimen directions in which the measurements should be performed, and

  • the volume of material examined in relation to the material grain size and the envisaged stress state.

Procedures are described for accurately positioning and aligning test pieces in a neutron beam and for precisely defining the volume of material sampled for the individual measurements.

The precautions needed for calibrating neutron diffraction instruments are described. Techniques for obtaining a stress-free reference are presented.

The methods of making individual measurements by neutron diffraction are described in detail. Procedures for analysing the results and for determining their statistical relevance are presented. Advice is provided on how to determine reliable estimates of residual stresses from the strain data and on how to estimate the uncertainty in the results.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 National foreword
4 European foreword
7 Foreword
9 Introduction
11 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
15 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols and units
17 4.2 Subscripts
4.3 Abbreviated terms
5 Summary of method
5.1 General
5.2 Outline of the principle — Bragg’s law
5.3 Neutron sources
18 5.4 Strain determination
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Monochromatic instrument
5.4.3 TOF instrument
19 5.5 Neutron diffractometers
5.6 Stress determination
24 6 Purpose, geometry and material
6.1 General
6.2 Purpose of the measurement
6.3 Geometry
6.4 Composition
25 6.5 Thermal/mechanical history
6.6 Phases and crystal structures
6.7 Homogeneity
6.8 Microstructure
6.9 Texture
7 Preparations for measurements
7.1 General
7.2 Alignment and calibration of the instrument
26 7.3 Choice of diffraction conditions
7.3.1 Monochromatic instruments
28 7.3.2 TOF instruments
29 7.4 Positioning procedures
7.5 Gauge volumes
30 7.6 Methods for establishing the macroscopically stress-free or reference lattice spacing
32 8 Measurement and recording requirements
8.1 General
8.2 Recording requirements
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 General information — instrument
33 8.2.3 General information — specimen
8.2.4 Specific information required for each diffraction measurement
34 8.3 Specimen co-ordinates
8.4 Positioning of the specimen
8.5 Measurement directions
35 8.6 Number and location of measuring positions
8.7 Gauge volume
8.8 Gauge volume centroid considerations
8.9 Temperature
9 Calculation of stress
9.1 General
9.2 Normal stress determinations
36 9.3 Stress state determinations
9.3.1 General
37 9.3.2 The sin2ψ method
9.4 Choice of elastic constants
9.5 Diffraction data analysis
9.5.1 General
38 9.5.2 Peak fitting function
9.5.3 Background function
9.5.4 Peak to background ratio
9.5.5 Distorted peak profiles
39 10 Reliability
40 11 Reporting
11.1 General
11.2 Strain or stress values
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Stress-free or reference lattice spacing
11.2.3 Conversion of strain to stress
11.2.4 Elastic constants
11.2.5 Positioning
11.3 Neutron source and instrument
41 11.4 General measurement procedures
11.5 Specimens/materials properties
11.6 Original data
11.7 Uncertainties and errors
42 Annex A (informative) Measurement and analysis methodologies
51 Annex B (informative) Determination of uncertainties in a measurand
54 Bibliography

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BS EN ISO 21432:2020
$198.66