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BS EN ISO 4037-2:2021

BS EN ISO 4037-2:2021

$167.15

Radiological protection. X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy – Dosimetry for radiation protection over the energy ranges from 8 keV to 1,3 MeV and 4 MeV to 9 MeV

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 36
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This document specifies the procedures for the dosimetry of X and gamma reference radiation for the calibration of radiation protection instruments over the energy range from approximately 8 keV to 1,3 MeV and from 4 MeV to 9 MeV and for air kerma rates above 1 ĀµGy/h. The considered measuring quantities are the air kerma free-in-air, Ka, and the phantom related operational quantities of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU)[2], H*(10), Hp(10), H’(3), Hp(3), H’(0,07) and Hp(0,07), together with the respective dose rates. The methods of production are given in ISO 4037ā€‘1.

This document can also be used for the radiation qualities specified in ISO 4037ā€‘1:2019, Annexes A, B and C, but this does not mean that a calibration certificate for radiation qualities described in these annexes is in conformity with the requirements of ISO 4037.

The requirements and methods given in this document are targeted at an overall uncertainty (k = 2) of the dose(rate) of about 6 % to 10 % for the phantom related operational quantities in the reference fields. To achieve this, two production methods of the reference fields are proposed in ISO 4037ā€‘1.

The first is to produce ā€œmatched reference fieldsā€, which follow the requirements so closely that recommended conversion coefficients can be used. The existence of only a small difference in the spectral distribution of the ā€œmatched reference fieldā€ compared to the nominal reference field is validated by procedures, which are given and described in detail in this document. For matched reference radiation fields, recommended conversion coefficients are given in ISO 4037ā€‘3 only for specified distances between source and dosemeter, e.g., 1,0 m and 2,5 m. For other distances, the user has to decide if these conversion coefficients can be used.

The second method is to produce ā€œcharacterized reference fieldsā€. Either this is done by determining the conversion coefficients using spectrometry, or the required value is measured directly using secondary standard dosimeters. This method applies to any radiation quality, for any measuring quantity and, if applicable, for any phantom and angle of radiation incidence. The conversion coefficients can be determined for any distance, provided the air kerma rate is not below 1 ĀµGy/h.

Both methods require charged particle equilibrium for the reference field. However this is not always established in the workplace field for which the dosemeter shall be calibrated. This is especially true at photon energies without inherent charged particle equilibrium at the reference depth d, which depends on the actual combination of energy and reference depth d. Electrons of energies above 65 keV, 0,75 MeV and 2,1 MeV can just penetrate 0,07 mm, 3 mm and 10 mm of ICRU tissue, respectively, and the radiation qualities with photon energies above these values are considered as radiation qualities without inherent charged particle equilibrium for the quantities defined at these depths.

This document is not applicable for the dosimetry of pulsed reference fields.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 Foreword
8 Introduction
9 1 Scope
10 2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
11 4 Standard instrument
4.1 General
4.2 Calibration of the standard instrument
4.3 Energy dependence of the response of the standard instrument
12 5 Conversion from the measured quantity air kerma, Ka, to the required phantom related measuring quantity
5.1 General
14 5.2 Determination of conversion coefficients
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Calculation of conversion coefficients from spectral fluence
15 5.3 Validation of reference fields and of listed conversion coefficients using dosimetry
16 6 Direct calibration of the reference field in terms of the required phantom related measuring quantity
7 Measurement procedures applicable to ionization chambers
7.1 Geometrical conditions
7.2 Chamber support and stem scatter
7.3 Location and orientation of the standard chamber
7.4 Measurement corrections
7.4.1 General
17 7.4.2 Corrections for air temperature, pressure and humidity variation from reference calibration conditions
7.4.3 Corrections for radiation-induced leakage, including ambient radiation
18 7.4.4 Incomplete ion collection
7.4.5 Beam non-uniformity
8 Additional procedures and precautions specific to gamma radiation dosimetry using radionuclide sources
8.1 Use of certified source output
8.2 Use of electron equilibrium caps
8.3 Radioactive source decay
8.4 Radionuclide impurities
8.5 Interpolation between calibration positions
19 9 Additional procedures and precautions specific to X-radiation dosimetry
9.1 Variation of X-radiation output
9.2 Monitor
9.3 Adjustment of air kerma rate
20 10 Dosimetry of reference radiation at photon energies between 4 MeV and 9 MeV
10.1 Dosimetric quantities
10.2 Measurement of the dosimetric quantities
10.2.1 General
21 10.2.2 Air kerma (rate)
10.2.3 Phantom related operational quantities H*(10), Hp(10), H'(3) and Hp(3)
10.3 Measurement geometry
10.4 Monitor
22 10.5 Determination of air kerma (rate) free-in-air
10.5.1 General
10.5.2 Measurement conditions
10.5.3 Direct measurement with an ionization chamber
25 10.5.4 Determination of air kerma (rate) from photon fluence (rate)
26 11 Uncertainty of measurement
11.1 General
11.2 Components of uncertainty
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Uncertainties in the calibration of a secondary standard
27 11.2.3 Uncertainties in the measurements of the reference radiation due to the standard instrument and its use
11.3 Statement of uncertainty
28 Annex A (normative) Technical details of the instruments and their operation
31 Annex B (informative) Measurement of photon spectra
34 Bibliography

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BS EN ISO 4037-2:2021
$167.15