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BS ISO 24528:2021

$198.66

Service activities relating to drinking water supply, wastewater and stormwater systems. Guideline for a water loss investigation of drinking water distribution networks

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 70
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This document provides a methodology for undertaking a water loss investigation and establishing general principles for water loss management in drinking water distribution networks in order to improve the sustainability of drinking water utilities and protect the environment by saving water, energy and use of chemicals.

This document establishes a procedure to estimate water loss components through water balance calculations and to define general principles of water loss management. This document deals with the preparation of a water loss management plan for water loss reduction and management projects but does not cover its execution.

This document does not cover bulk drinking water supply systems, but can relate to pumping, storage and transmission within the drinking water distribution network.

This document can be used analogously for non-public supply systems, raw water and industrial water systems.

This document is intended for drinking water utilities and other stakeholders.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 National foreword
7 Foreword
8 Introduction
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
13 4 Defining objectives for the water loss investigation
14 5 Water loss investigation steps
6 Water loss investigation scope determination
6.1 General
6.2 Water loss investigation area
15 6.3 Time period of the water loss investigation
6.4 Units of measurement
7 Data collection and validation methods
7.1 Data collection methods
16 7.2 Data validation of water balance calculation
7.2.1 Validation methods
7.2.2 Data quality
17 7.2.3 Practices rating
8 Water balance calculation
8.1 General
18 8.2 Parameters of the water balance
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 System input volume
8.2.3 Exported water
8.2.4 Water supplied
8.2.5 Billed authorized use or revenue water
19 8.2.6 Unbilled authorized use
8.2.7 Authorized use
8.2.8 Non-revenue water
8.2.9 Water loss
8.2.10 Apparent water loss
8.2.11 Real water loss
20 9 Water loss performance indicators selection
9.1 General
9.2 Defining performance indicator purposes
9.3 Selecting performance indicators
10 Apparent water loss status assessment
10.1 General
21 10.2 Analysis of user database
10.3 Field surveys
10.4 ​Assessing unauthorized use
10.5 ​Assessing user metering errors
22 10.6 ​Assessing errors on the data acquisition process
10.7 ​Assessing errors in estimates of unmetered use
11 Real water loss status assessment
11.1 General
23 11.2 Real water loss components
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Estimating reported real water loss
11.2.3 Estimating background real water loss
24 11.2.4 Estimating unreported real water loss
11.2.5 Estimating leakage and storage tanks overflow
11.3 Bursts and active leakage control assessments
12 Real water loss and apparent water loss cost assignment
12.1 General
12.2 Determining the cost impact of apparent water loss components
12.3 Determining the cost impact of real water loss components
25 13 Water loss management plan preparation
13.1 General
13.1.1 Introduction
13.1.2 General principles of a water loss management plan
26 13.1.3 Water loss management plan stages
13.1.4 Water loss management plan investments
27 13.2 General principles for apparent water loss management
13.2.1 General
13.2.2 Unauthorized water use
13.2.3 User metering errors
13.2.4 Data handling errors
13.2.5 Unmetered use estimation errors
13.3 General principles for real water loss management
13.3.1 General
28 13.3.2 Management plan of district metered areas
29 13.4 ​Planning an active leakage control management plan
13.5 Pressure management
30 13.6 Improved system maintenance and rehabilitation
14 General principles for water loss target setting
31 15 Example of an organizational structure for the management of non-revenue water
32 Annex A (informative) Additional guidance on how to measure or calculate elements of water balance
38 Annex B (informative) Factors affecting real water loss
39 Annex C (informative) Performance indicators
43 Annex D (informative) Bursts and background estimate (BABE)
45 Annex E (informative) Water loss investigation for intermittent supply networks
49 Annex F (informative) Fixed and variable area discharge pressure and leakage
50 Annex G (informative) Economic leakage level (ELL): assessing economic level of real water loss
56 Annex H (informative) Examples of leak detection technologies
59 Annex I (informative) Monitoring an open drinking water distribution network with a virtual district metered area
60 Annex J (informative) Understanding the effects of uncertainties in data
62 Annex K (informative) Using night flow data to assess real water loss
66 Annex L (informative) Dynamic pressure control
67 Bibliography
BS ISO 24528:2021
$198.66