BSI PD CEN/TS 16640:2014
$189.07
Bio-based products. Determination of the bio based carbon content of products using the radiocarbon method
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2014 | 48 |
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the bio-based carbon content in products, based on the 14C content measurement.
It also specifies three test methods to be used for the determination of the 14C content from which the bio-based carbon content is calculated:
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Method A: Liquid scintillation-counter method (LSC);
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Method B: Beta-ionization (BI);
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Method C: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).
The bio-based carbon content is expressed by a fraction of sample mass, as a fraction of the total carbon content or as a fraction of the total organic carbon content.
This calculation method is applicable to any product containing organic carbon, including biocomposites.
NOTE This Technical Specification does not provide the methodology for the calculation of the biomass content of a sample.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | Contents Page |
| 7 | Foreword |
| 8 | Introduction |
| 9 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions |
| 11 | 4 Symbols and abbreviations |
| 12 | 5 Principle Table 1 — Advantages and disadvantages of the methods |
| 13 | 6 Determination of the 14C content 6.1 General 6.2 Principle 6.3 Sampling 6.4 Procedure for the conversion of the carbon present in the sample to a suitable sample for 14C determination 6.5 Measurements |
| 14 | 7 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content 7.1 General 7.2 Correction factors |
| 15 | Table 2 — Typical values for biomass fractions 7.3 Calculation method 7.3.1 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content by mass xB 7.3.1.1 14C content determined by Method A (LSC) or Method B (BI) 7.3.1.2 14C content determined by Method C (AMS) |
| 16 | 7.3.2 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content as a fraction of TC 7.3.3 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content as a fraction of TOC 7.3.4 Examples |
| 17 | 7.3.5 Examples of calculations of and Table 3 — Examples |
| 18 | 8 Test report |
| 19 | Annex A (informative) Procedures for sampling of products A.1 General A.2 Solid samples A.2.1 General A.2.2 Plastics / polymers A.2.3 Fuels A.2.4 Ceramics / glass / concrete / cement / construction materials / waste |
| 20 | A.2.5 Natural products A.2.5.1 Rubber A.2.5.2 Paper A.3 Liquid samples A.3.1 General A.3.2 Solvents A.3.3 Fuels |
| 21 | A.4 Gaseous samples A.5 Others |
| 22 | Annex B (normative) Procedure for the conversion of the carbon present in the sample to a suitable sample for 14C determination B.1 General B.2 Sample preparation |
| 23 | B.3 Preparation for 14C measurement B.3.1 General |
| 24 | B.3.2 Reagents and materials B.4 Combustion of the sample in a calorimetric bomb B.4.1 Procedure B.4.2 Adsorption of the gas sample |
| 25 | B.4.3 Combustion of the sample in a tube furnace or a combustion apparatus B.4.4 Dissolution and LSC direct measurement on the product |
| 26 | Annex C (normative) Method A – Liquid scintillation-counter method (LSC) C.1 General C.2 Principle C.3 Reagents and materials C.4 Apparatus |
| 27 | C.5 Procedure C.5.1 General C.5.2 Blank correction |
| 28 | C.6 Calculation of the results |
| 29 | Annex D (normative) Method B – Beta-ionization (BI) D.1 General D.2 Principle D.3 Reagents and materials |
| 30 | D.4 Apparatus D.5 Procedure |
| 31 | D.6 Calculation of the results |
| 32 | Annex E (normative) Method C – Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) E.1 General E.2 Principle E.3 Reagents and materials E.4 Apparatus |
| 33 | E.5 Procedure E.6 Calculation of the results |
| 35 | Annex F (informative) Definitions and formulae of the 14C based method F.1 Introduction F.2 Symbols, abbreviations and definitions |
| 36 | F.3 Principle of the method: How to determine the biogenic and fossil CO2 ratio of stack gas samples |
| 37 | F.4 Determination of standardized 14C values for the calculation of the biogenic and fossil CO2 ratio of CO2 samples F.4.1 General F.4.2 Standardization of 14C results for the three different measurement techniques F.4.2.1 General |
| 38 | F.4.2.2 Standardization of AMS measurement results |
| 39 | F.4.2.3 Standardization of LSC measurement results |
| 40 | F.4.2.4 Standardization of proportional gas counter measurement results |
| 41 | F.5 Calculation of the biogenic carbon fraction F.5.1 General F.5.2 How to determine and F.5.3 Definition of |
| 42 | Figure F.1 — Decrease in 14C value atmospheric air CO2 (in pMC), measured at High Alpine Stations Vermunt (Austria) and Jungfraujoch (Switzerland). |
| 43 | Bibliography |
