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BSI PD IEC TR 62543:2022

BSI PD IEC TR 62543:2022

$198.66

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission using voltage sourced converters (VSC)

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 68
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PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
8 FOREWORD
10 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General
11 Figures
Figure 1 – Major components that can be found in a VSC substation
12 3.2 Letter symbols
3.3 VSC transmission
13 3.4 Power losses
4 VSC transmission overview
4.1 Basic operating principles of VSC transmission
4.1.1 Voltage sourced converter as a black box
14 4.1.2 Principles of active and reactive power control
Figure 2 – Diagram of a generic voltage source converter
15 Figure 3 – Principle of active power control
16 4.1.3 Operating principles of a VSC transmission scheme
Figure 4 – Principle of reactive power control
Figure 5 – A point-to-point VSC transmission scheme
17 4.1.4 Applications of VSC transmission
4.2 Design life
4.3 VSC transmission configurations
4.3.1 General
18 4.3.2 DC circuit configurations
4.3.3 Monopole configuration
Figure 6 – VSC transmission with a symmetrical monopole
19 4.3.4 Bipolar configuration
Figure 7 – VSC transmission with an asymmetrical monopole with metallic return
Figure 8 – VSC transmission with an asymmetrical monopole with earth return
Figure 9 – VSC transmission in bipolar configuration with earth return
20 4.3.5 Parallel connection of two converters
Figure 10 – VSC transmission in bipolar configuration with dedicated metallic return
Figure 11 – VSC transmission in rigid bipolar configuration
21 4.3.6 Series connection of two converters
4.3.7 Parallel and series connection of more than two converters
4.4 Semiconductors for VSC transmission
Figure 12 – Parallel connection of two converter units
22 Figure 13 – Symbol of a turn-off semiconductor device and associated free-wheeling diode
Figure 14 – Symbol of an IGBT and associated free-wheeling diode
23 5 VSC transmission converter topologies
5.1 General
5.2 Converter topologies with VSC valves of switch type
5.2.1 General
24 5.2.2 Operating principle
5.2.3 Topologies
25 Figure 15 – Diagram of a three-phase 2-level converter and associated AC waveform for one phase
Figure 16 – Single-phase AC output for 2-level converter with PWM switching at 21 times fundamental frequency
26 Figure 17 – Diagram of a three-phase 3-level NPC converter and associated AC waveform for one phase
27 5.3 Converter topologies with VSC valves of the controllable voltage source type
5.3.1 General
Figure 18 – Single-phase AC output for 3-level NPC converter with PWM switching at 21 times fundamental frequency
28 5.3.2 MMC topology with VSC levels in half-bridge topology
Figure 19 – Electrical equivalent for a converter with VSC valves acting like a controllable voltage source
29 Figure 20 – VSC valve level arrangement and equivalent circuit in MMC topology in half-bridge topology
Figure 21 – Converter block arrangement with MMC topology in half-bridge topology
30 5.3.3 MMC topology with VSC levels in full-bridge topology
5.3.4 CTL topology with VSC cells in half-bridge topology
5.3.5 CTL topology with VSC cells in full-bridge topology
Figure 22 – VSC valve level arrangement and equivalent circuit in MMC topology with full-bridge topology
31 5.4 VSC valve design considerations
5.4.1 Reliability and failure mode
5.4.2 Current rating
5.4.3 Transient current and voltage requirements
Figure 23 – Typical SSOA for the IGBT
32 5.4.4 Diode requirements
5.4.5 Additional design details
Figure 24 – A 2-level VSC bridge with the IGBTs turned off
33 5.5 Other converter topologies
5.6 Other equipment for VSC transmission schemes
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Power components of a VSC transmission scheme
34 5.6.3 VSC substation circuit breaker
5.6.4 AC system side harmonic filters
5.6.5 Radio frequency interference filters
5.6.6 Interface transformers and phase reactors
35 5.6.7 Valve reactor
5.6.8 DC capacitors
37 5.6.9 DC reactor
38 5.6.10 DC filter
5.6.11 Dynamic braking system
6 Overview of VSC controls
6.1 General
Figure 25 – Representing a VSC unit as an AC voltage of magnitude U and phase angle δ behind reactance
39 6.2 Operational modes and operational options
Figure 26 – Concept of vector control
40 6.3 Power transfer
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Telecommunication between converter stations
6.4 Reactive power and AC voltage control
6.4.1 AC voltage control
Figure 27 – VSC power controller
41 6.4.2 Reactive power control
6.5 Black start capability
6.6 Supply from a wind farm
Figure 28 – AC voltage controller
42 7 Steady-state operation
7.1 Steady-state capability
43 7.2 Converter power losses
Figure 29 – A typical simplified PQ diagram
44 8 Dynamic performance
8.1 AC system disturbances
8.2 DC system disturbances
8.2.1 DC cable fault
45 8.2.2 DC overhead line fault
8.3 Internal faults
Figure 30 – Protection concept of a VSC substation
46 9 HVDC performance requirements
9.1 Harmonic performance
47 9.2 Wave distortion
9.3 Fundamental and harmonics
9.3.1 Three-phase 2-level VSC
9.3.2 Multi-pulse and multi-level converters
Figure 31 – Waveforms for three-phase 2-level VSC
48 9.4 Harmonic voltages on power systems due to VSC operation
9.5 Design considerations for harmonic filters (AC side)
9.6 DC side filtering
Figure 32 – Equivalent circuit at the PCC of the VSC
49 10 Environmental impact
10.1 General
10.2 Audible noise
10.3 Electric and magnetic fields (EMF)
10.4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
50 11 Testing and commissioning
11.1 General
51 11.2 Factory tests
11.2.1 Component tests
11.2.2 Control system tests
11.3 Commissioning tests/system tests
11.3.1 General
52 11.3.2 Precommissioning tests
11.3.3 Subsystem tests
11.3.4 System tests
57 Annex A (informative) Functional specification requirements for VSC transmission systems
63 Annex B (informative) Modulation strategies for 2-level converters
64 Figure B.1 – Voltage harmonics spectra of a 2-level VSC with carrier frequency at 21st harmonic
65 Figure B.2 – Phase output voltage for selective harmonic elimination modulation (SHEM)
66 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 62543:2022
$198.66