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BSI PD IEC/TS 62997:2017

BSI PD IEC/TS 62997:2017

$215.11

Industrial electroheating and electromagnetic processing equipment. Evaluation of hazards caused by magnetic nearfields from 1 Hz to 6 MHz

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2017 72
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This IEC technical specification specifies the characteristics of external magnetic nearfields, computations of and requirements on induced electric fields in body tissues in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 6 MHz with respect to induced electric shock phenomena, for electroheating (EH) based treatment technologies and for electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). The phenomena include specific absorption rates with time integration.

NOTE The overall safety requirements for the various types of equipment and installations for electroheating or electromagnetic processing in general result from the joint application of the General Requirements specified in IEC 60519-1:2015 and Particular Requirements covering specific types of installations or equipment. This technical specification complements the General Requirements and applies to internal frequency converters for creating high or low DC voltages, and to processing frequencies.

Induced electric shock phenomena dealt with in this technical specification are caused by the alternating magnetic nearfield external to a current-carrying conductor or permeable object, inducing an electric field in a part of the body in the vicinity of the conductor.

Relaxed criteria compared with the general basic restrictions for exposure apply. Simplified hazard assessment procedures apply for situations when only fingers, hands and/or extremities are in the magnetic nearfield.

This technical specification does not apply to equipment within the scope of IEC 60519-9. i.e. equipment or installations for high frequency dielectric heating.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 National foreword
4 CONTENTS
9 FOREWORD
11 INTRODUCTION
13 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
16 3.2 Quantities and units
17 4 Organisation and use of the technical specification
18 5 The basic relationship for determination of the in situ induced electric field
6 Requirements related to immediate nerve and muscle reactions
6.1 General
19 6.2 Method using the conductor geometry and current restriction (CGCR)
20 6.3 Volunteer test method
6.3.1 Volunteer basic test method
21 6.3.2 Method based on volunteer tests and similarity with pre-existing scenario
6.3.3 Method based on volunteer tests, using available elevated conductor current or shorter distance between the conductor and bodypart
6.3.4 Method using magnetic nearfield reference levels (RLs)
7 Requirements related to body tissue overheating
7.1 General
22 7.2 Intermittent conditions with 6 minutes time integration
23 7.3 Intermittent conditions in fingers and hands with shorter integration times
8 Calculations and numerical computations of induced E field and SAR by magnetic nearfields: inaccuracies, uncertainties and safety factors
8.1 Principles for handling levels of safety – general
24 8.2 The C value variations with B field curvature
8.3 Location of parts of the body, instrumentation and measurement issues
8.4 Handling of inaccuracies of in situ E field and SAR numerical values
25 8.5 Approaches to compliance
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Cases where verification of levels being below the RL is sufficient
8.5.3 Cases where only B flux measurements are sufficient
8.5.4 Cases where the volunteer test method is applicable
8.5.5 Cases where the CGCR method is applicable
26 8.5.6 Cases where numerical modelling is carried out
8.6 Summary of inaccuracy/uncertainty factors to be considered
9 Risk group classification and warning marking
9.1 General
27 9.2 Induced electric fields from 1 Hz to 1 kHz
9.3 Induced electric fields from 1 kHz to 100 kHz
9.4 Induced electric fields from 100 kHz to 6 MHz
9.5 Magnetic flux fields from 1 Hz to 6 MHz
9.6 Warning marking
28 Figures
Figure 1 – Examples of warning marking
29 Annex A (informative) Survey of basic restrictions, reference levels in other standards, etc.
A.1 Basic restrictions – general and deviations
A.2 The coupling values C in ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standards
30 A.3 Basic restrictions – immediate nerve and muscle reactions
Figure A.1 – ICNIRP, IEEE and 2013/35/EU basic restrictions (RMS)
31 A.4 Basic restrictions – specific absorption rates (SAR)
A.5 Reference levels – external magnetic B field
32 Annex B (normative) Analytical calculations of magnetically induced internal E field phenomena
B.1 Some basic formulas – magnetic fields and Laws of Nature
33 B.2 Induced field deposition in tissues by magnetic nearfields
B.3 Coupling of a homogeneous B field to homogeneous objects with simple geometries
34 B.4 Starting points for numerical modelling
B.4.1 Relevant bodyparts
B.4.2 The use of external B field and internal power density in numerical modelling
35 Annex C (normative) Reference objects representing parts of the body: tissue conductivities
C.1 Reference bodyparts
C.1.1 General
C.1.2 The wrist/arm models
C.1.3 The hand model with tight fingers
C.1.4 The hand model with spread-out fingers
C.1.5 The finger model
C.2 Dielectric properties of human tissues
C.2.1 General data for assessments
36 C.2.2 Inner parts of the body
C.2.3 Skin data
Tables
Table C.1 – Examples of dielectric data of human tissues at normal body temperature
37 Annex D (informative) Results of numerical modelling with objects in a Helmholtz coil and at a long straight conductor
D.1 General and a large Helmholtz coil scenario with a diameter 200 mm sphere – FDTD 3D modelling
38 D.2 Other reference objects in the Helmholtz coil – FDTD 3D modelling
D.2.1 The scenario
D.2.2 Numerical modelling results with smaller spheres
Figure D.1 – The z-directed magnetic field momentaneous maximal amplitude in the central y plane of the Helmholtz coil with the conductive 200 mm diameter sphere
Figure D.2 – The power density patterns in the central y plane (left) and central z (equatorial) plane of the 200 mm diameter sphere
39 D.2.3 Numerical results with other objects
Figure D.3 – The power density patterns in the central z planeof the reference objects, with maximal C values in m
40 Annex E (informative) Numerical FDTD modelling with objects at a long straight wire conductor
E.1 Scenario and general information
Figure E.1 – Long straight wire scenario
41 E.2 Two 200 mm diameter spheres
Figure E.2 – Power deposition patterns in the central z planes of the two spheres at 10 mm and 20 mm away from the sphere axis; σ = 20 Sm–1
Figure E.3 – Power deposition pattern in the central y plane of the sphere at 10 mm distance from the wire axis; σ = 20 Sm–1
42 E.3 The hand model with tight fingers at different distances from the wire – FDTD modelling
E.3.1 General information and scenario
E.3.2 Modelling results – power deposition patterns
Figure E.4 – Scenario with the hand model above the wire axis
Figure E.5 – Power density in the hand model 2,5 mm above the wire axis
43 Figure E.6 – Power density in the hand model 14 mm above the wire axis
Figure E.7 – Power density in the hand model 100 mm above the wire axis
44 E.4 The hand model with tight fingers at 100 mm from the wire – Flux® 122F FEM modelling
E.5 Coupling data and analysis for the hand model with tight fingers above the wire – FDTD modelling
Figure E.8 – Current density in the central cross section of the hand model at 9 mm from the wire – Flux® 12 FEM modelling
Table E.1 – Coupling factors for the hand model with tight fingers at various heights above the wire axis
45 E.6 Coupling data and analysis for the wrist/arm model above the wire
Figure E.9 – Wrist/arm model above a long straight wire
Figure E.10 – Linear power density (left, power scaling) and electric field amplitude (linear scale) in the x plane of wrist/arm model 10 mm straight above a long straight wire
47 Annex F (informative) Numerical modelling and volunteer experiments with the hand models at a coil
F.1 General and on the B field amplitude
Figure F.1 – Illustration of the B field at a single turn coil, with the coil centre at the left margin of the image – Flux® 12 FEM modelling
48 F.2 The hand model with tight fingers 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm and 50 mm above the coil and with its right side above the coil axis – FDTD modelling
F.2.1 The scenario
Figure F.2 – Hand above the coil scenario
49 F.2.2 Modelling results
Figure F.3 – Power density pattern in the central vertical plane and in the bottom 1 mm layer of the hand model, z = 2 mm above the top of the coil; a = –51 mm
Figure F.4 – Power density pattern in the central vertical plane and in the bottom 1 mm layer of the hand model, z = 4 mm; a = –51 mm
50 Figure F.5 – Power density pattern in the central vertical plane and in the bottom 1 mm layer of the hand model, z = 50 mm; a = –51 mm
51 Figure F.6 – The ±x-directed (left image) and ±y-directed momentaneous maximal E field at the hand underside, z = 4 mm; a = –51 mm
52 Figure F.7 – The local power density pattern of the condition in Figure F.3,showing the 1 mm × 1 mm voxel size and the 5 mm2 integrationregion 2 mm above the hand underside
Figure F.8 – The local y-directed momentaneous maximal electric field patternof the condition in Figure F.3, showing the 1 mm × 1 mm voxel size andthe 5 mm2 integration region 2 mm above the hand underside
53 F.3 The hand model with tight fingers 6 mm above the coil and with variable position in the x direction – FDTD modelling
F.4 The hand model with spread-out fingers, 6 mm straight above the coil – FDTD modelling
Figure F.9 – The power density pattern in the hand model centred above the coil and 6 mm above it; left image: bottom region, right image: 10 mm up
Figure F.10 – The hand model with spread-out fingers located 6 mm straight above the coil (left); relative power densities at the height of maximum power density between fingers (right)
54 F.5 The hand model with tight fingers near a coil with metallic workload – FDTD modelling
Figure F.11 – The hand model 6 mm above the coil and a 100 mm diametermetallic workload in the coil
Figure F.12 – Quiver plot of the magnetic (H) field amplitude in logarithmic scaling,in the scenario in Figure F.11 with a non-magnetic (left) and magnetic (right) workload
55 Figure F.13 – The power density pattern in the central vertical crosssection in the hand scenario in Figure F.11
Figure F.14 – The power density in the central vertical cross section of the handas in the scenario in Figure F.11, but 50 mm above the coil; with no workload (left)and with permeable metallic workload (right)
56 F.6 The finger model 2 mm above the coil – FDTD numerical modelling
F.6.1 The scenarios
F.6.2 Modelling results
Figure F.15 – The two finger positions above the coil; left = y-directed finger
Figure F.16 – Power density maximum pattern in the y-directed17 mm diameter finger model
57 Figure F.17 – Power density maximum pattern in the x-directed17 mm diameter finger model
Figure F.18 – Momentaneous maximal electric field maximumpattern in the x-directed 17 mm diameter finger model
58 F.7 Analysis of the FDTD modelling results
F.7.1 General
F.7.2 With the hand model
F.7.3 With the finger model
F.8 Volunteer studies
F.8.1 General
59 F.8.2 Calculations of the induced electric field strength in F.7.1
F.9 Comparisons with conventional electric shock effects by contact current
Figure F.19 – Plastic plate above the coil
60 F.10 Conclusions from the data in Annexes E and F
F.10.1 Coupling factor C data in relation to reference object geometries and magnetic flux characteristics without workload
F.10.2 Coupling factor C modifications by workloads
F.10.3 Rationales for the CGCR basic value with the volunteer method
62 Annex G (informative) Some examples of CGCR values of a hand near conductors as function of frequency, conductor current and configuration
G.1 Frequency and conductor current relationships: adopted CGCR value
G.2 A hand above a thin wire
Figure G.1 – Allowed RMS current at 11 kHz, based on CGCR = 40 Vm–1
63 G.3 A hand above a coil
Table G.1 – Coupling factors and allowed coil currents at 11 kHz for the hand model with the side at the coil axis, at various heights above the coil
64 Figure G.2 – CGCR coil currents at 11 kHz for the hand model with the sideat the coil axis, at various heights above the coil
Table G.2 – Coupling factors and allowed coil currents at 11 kHz for the hand modelat 6 mm above the coil with different sideways positions
65 Figure G.3 – CGCR coil currents at 11 kHz for the hand model at 6 mm above the coil with different sideways positions
66 Annex H (informative) Frequency upscaling with numerical modelling
H.1 General and energy penetration depth
H.2 Actual penetration depth data
67 H.3 The penetration depth issue of representativity with frequency upscaling
H.4 Separation of the internal power density caused by direct capacitive coupling, and that caused by the external magnetic field
68 H.5 The frequency upscaling procedures
H.5.1 General
H.5.2 Choices of conductivity and control procedures
70 Bibliography

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