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BSI PD ISO/IEC TR 30167:2021

BSI PD ISO/IEC TR 30167:2021

$198.66

Internet of things (IoT). Underwater communication technologies for IoT

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 64
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This document describes the enabling and driving technologies of underwater communication such as acoustic communication, optical communication, Very Low Frequency (VLF)/Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) communication, and Magnetic Fusion Communication (MFC). This document also highlights:

  • technical overview of different communication technologies;

  • characteristics of different communication technologies;

  • trends of different communication technologies;

  • applications of each communication technology;

  • benefits and challenges of each communication technology.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
6 FOREWORD
7 INTRODUCTION
8 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
9 5 Enabling/driving technologies of underwater communication
5.1 General
10 5.2 Acoustic communication
5.2.1 Technical overview
Figures
Figure 1 – Example of underwater acoustic sensor network system
12 Figure 2 – Path loss of sound wave
Figure 3 – Multipath of sound wave
15 Figure 4 – Terrestrial/underwater interworking gateway
16 5.2.2 Trend of technology (modern communication trends)
23 5.3 Optical (wire/wireless) communication
5.3.1 Technical overview
Figure 5 – Underwater cable structure
Figure 6 – Fibre-optic wired communication system overview
25 Figure 7 – Current underwater cable map
26 5.3.2 Trend of technology (modern communication trends)
27 Figure 8 – Optical wired communication system overview
Figure 9 – Optical wired communication system based on WDM technology
30 5.4 Very Low Frequency (VLF)/Extremely Low Frequency (ELF)
5.4.1 Technical overview
31 Figure 10 – Trideco antenna tower array used in the US Navy’s Cutler station
Figure 11 – Valley-span antenna type used by the US navy station, Jim Creek
33 5.4.2 Trend of technology (modern communication trends)
36 Figure 12 – Aerial photograph of Clam Lake ELF facility in Wisconsin, USA (1982)
38 Figure 13 – Cutler VLF transmitter’s antenna towers
Figure 14 – Cutler antenna array
40 Figure 15 – VLF transmission centre in Japan
Figure 16 – Trideco-type antenna placement in Harold E. Holt
41 5.5 Magnetic fusion communication (MFC)
5.5.1 Technical overview
Figure 17 – Australian VLF transmitter (1979)
42 Figure 18 – Shape of envelope
Tables
Table 1 – Envelope parameters
43 Figure 19 – BPSK modulated signal
44 5.5.2 Trend of technology (modern communication trends)
Figure 20 – Magnetic field communication and Zigbeecommunication comparison experiment
45 Figure 21 – Experimental water tank for comparing magnetic field communication characteristics according to medium and distance
Figure 22 – Experimental water tank filled with water and soil
46 Figure 23 – Strength of magnetic field due to distance in air, water, and soil
Table 2 – Intensity of magnetic field due to distance in air, water, and soil
47 Figure 24 – Physical layer packet format
Figure 25 – Preamble area type
Figure 26 – Header area type
48 Figure 27 – Encoding circuit of header check cyclic redundancy code
Figure 28 – Payload area format
Table 3 – Definition of data rate and coding
49 Figure 29 – Definition of Manchester coding
Figure 30 – Definition of NRZ-L coding
Table 4 – Definition of frame check cyclic redundancy code
50 Figure 31 – Scrambler block diagram
Table 5 – Data rate and coding details
51 Figure 32 – ASK modulation diagram
Figure 33 – BPSK modulation diagram
Figure 34 – Preamble coding and modulation process
52 Figure 35 – Process of coding and modulating headers
Figure 36 – Process of coding and modulating the payload
Figure 37 – Magnetic fusion communication super frame structure
53 Figure 38 – Magnetic field communication network structure
54 Figure 39 – Magnetic fusion (power transfer) communicationnetwork super-frame structure
55 Figure 40 – Magnetic fusion (power transfer) communicationnetwork structured diagram
56 Bibliography

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BSI PD ISO/IEC TR 30167:2021
$198.66