ESDU 77022:2008

INTRODUCTION

This Item describes the "atmospheric model" and gives equations
and numerical data required to evaluate properties of the
International Standard Atmosphere (Derivation 1) and off-standard
atmospheres which differ in a prescribed way from the Standard. The
basic equations for temperature, T, pressure, p,
and density ?, are given in Sections 3 to 5 while the defining
constants and temperature gradients are given in Tables 11.1 and
11.2. Table 11.3 gives numerical expressions for T,
p and ? while Table 11.4 gives the reverse expressions for
determining pressure height for a given pressure, and the
difference between pressure height and geopotential height for
specified off-standard atmospheres. The relationships between
pressure, pressure height and geopotential height are considered in
Section 7 while the relationship between geopotential height and
geometric height is presented in Section 8. Expressions for speed
of sound and dynamic viscosity are given in Section 6.

For direct reference to tabulated values of T, ?, v?,
p, d, vd, ?, s, vs, a, V*e, q*,
and Re*// for heights up to 50 km, see Item Nos 68046
(Reference 5) and 72018 (Reference 6). For information on the
atmosphere for heights above 50 km, see Derivation 1 (up to 80 km),
Reference 9 and Aerodynamics Data Item No. 77021 (Reference 10) (up
to 1 000 km). For information on non-standard (or other)
atmospheres, see Reference 11.