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FEMA 551 2007

FEMA 551 2007

$33.80

FEMA 551 – Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
FEMA 2007 198
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PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Selecting Appropriate Mitigation Measures for Floodprone Structures
3 Table of Contents
9 Chapter 1 – Introduction
1.1 Intended Users and Purpose of This Manual
10 1.2 Organization of This Manual
11 1.3 Available Resources
13 Chapter 2 – The National Tool (NT)
2.1 Starting Data
14 2.2 NT Contents
20 2.3 Additional Sources of Information
21 2.3.1 Flood Insurance Studies
22 2.3.2 FEMA Regional Offices
2.3.3 Other Federal Agencies
23 2.3.4 State, Regional, and Local Agencies
25 Chapter 3 – Selecting Mitigation Measures
3.1 Introduction
26 3.2 Mitigation Measures Overview
3.2.1 Drainage Improvements (see also Chapter 4)
3.2.2 Barriers (see also Chapter 5)
3.2.3 Wet Floodproofing (see also Chapter 6)
3.2.4 Dry Floodproofing (see also Chapter 7)
3.2.5 Elevation (see also Chapter 8)
27 3.2.6 Relocation (see also Chapter 9)
3.2.7 Acquisition (see also Chapter 10)
3.3 Initial Screening Using the NT
30 3.4 Hazard and Structure Characteristics
3.4.1 Question #1. What is the structure type?
31 3.4.2 Question #2. What is the condition of the structure?
32 3.4.3 Question #3. What is the foundation type?
34 3.4.4 Question #4. What is the number of stories?
35 3.4.5 Question #5. What is the building footprint?
36 3.4.6 Question #6. What is the flood protection depth?
39 3.4.7 Question #7. Does flash flooding occur at the project site?
40 3.4.8 Question #8. What is the flood velocity?
43 3.4.9 Question #9. Is the structure located in the floodway?
49 Chapter 4 – Drainage Improvements
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Technical Considerations
4.2.1 Depth of Flood
50 4.2.2 Adverse Impact Downstream
4.3 Relative Costs
4.3.1 Estimated Cost
4.3.2 Determination of Cost-Effectiveness
51 4.4 Additional Considerations
4.4.1 Annual Maintenance
4.5 Available Resources
53 Chapter 5 – Barriers
5.1 Introduction
54 5.1.1 Levees
5.1.2 Berms
5.1.3 Floodwalls
55 5.1.4 Temporary Barriers
56 5.2 Technical Considerations
5.2.1 Height of Barrier
57 5.2.2 Structure with Basement Foundation
5.2.3 Soil Conditions
5.2.4 Duration of Flooding
5.3 Relative Costs
5.3.1 Estimated Cost
59 5.4 Additional Considerations
5.4.1 Human Intervention
5.4.2 Annual Maintenance
5.4.3 Housing of Occupants
5.4.4 Access to Structure
60 5.4.5 Interior Drainage
61 5.5 Available Resources
63 Chapter 6 – Wet Floodproofing
6.1 Introduction
64 6.2 Technical Considerations
6.2.1 Construction Materials
6.2.2 Basement Areas (as defined by NFIP regulations)
66 6.2.3 Duration of Flooding
6.2.4 Location of Utilities
6.2.5 Non-Residential Structures, Garages, etc.
68 6.3 Relative Costs
6.3.1 Estimated Cost
69 6.3.2 Determination of Cost-Effectiveness
6.4 Additional Considerations
6.4.1 Human Intervention
6.4.2 Annual Maintenance
6.4.3 Substantial Improvement or Substantial Damage Requirements
71 6.4.4 Post-Flood Concerns
6.5 Available Resources
73 Chapter 7 – Dry Floodproofing
7.1 Introduction
74 7.1.1 Waterproof Membranes
7.1.2 Closures
76 7.1.3 Sewer Backup Protection
7.2 Technical Considerations
7.2.1 Flood Depth
77 7.2.2 Structures with Basements
7.2.3 Flood Duration
7.2.4 Flow Velocity
7.2.5 Warning Time
78 7.2.6 Floodborne Debris
7.3 Relative Costs
7.3.1 Estimated Cost
79 7.3.2 Determination of Cost-Effectiveness
7.4 Additional Considerations
80 7.4.1 Human Intervention
7.4.2 Annual Maintenance
7.5 Available Resources
81 Chapter 8 – Elevation
8.1 Introduction
82 8.2 Technical Considerations
8.2.1 Structure Type
8.2.2 Foundation Type
83 8.2.2.1 Crawlspaces
8.2.2.2 Piers, Posts, Piles, Columns, and Shear Walls.
8.2.2.3 Basements.
8.2.2.4 Slabs-on-Grade.
8.2.3 Structure Size
8.2.4 Utility Modifications
84 8.2.5 Other Hazards
8.2.6 Vents
85 8.3 Relative Costs
8.3.1 Estimated Cost
86 8.3.2 Determination of Cost-Effectiveness
87 8.4 Additional Considerations
8.4.1 Substantial Damage/Improvement
8.4.2 Access to the Structure by the Lifting Crew
88 8.4.3 Access to the Structure Following Elevation
89 8.4.4 Codes and Ordinances
90 8.4.5 Historic Preservation
8.4.6 Housing of Occupants
8.4.7 Aesthetics
92 8.5 Available Resources
93 Chapter 9 – Relocation
9.1 Introduction
94 9.2 Technical Considerations
9.2.1 Structure Type
9.2.2 Structure Condition
95 9.2.3 Structure Size
9.3 Relative Costs
9.3.1 Estimated Cost
96 9.3.2 Determination of Cost-Effectiveness
9.4 Additional Considerations
9.4.1 Annual Maintenance
9.4.2 Moving a Structure Between the Old and New Sites
9.4.3 Access to Site
97 9.4.4 Housing of Occupants
98 9.5 Available Resources
99 Chapter 10 – Acquisition
10.1 Introduction
100 10.2 Technical Considerations
10.3 Relative Costs
101 10.3.1 Estimated Cost
10.3.2 Determination of Cost-Effectiveness
10.4 Additional Considerations
10.4.1 Historic Preservation
103 10.4.2 Hazardous Materials
104 10.5 Available Resources
105 Chapter 11 – Working with Property Owners
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Presenting Appropriate Mitigation Measures
107 11.3 Addressing Property Owner Concerns
11.3.1 Evaluation Process
11.3.2 Property Owners’ Preference
108 11.3.3 FEMA Buyout Study Findings
109 11.4 Next Steps
11.5 Available Resources
111 Appendix A – Sample Information Packet
123 Appendix B – Blank Worksheets
133 Appendix C – Cost Estimating
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Options to Creating a Cost Estimate
134 C.3 Process to Develop a Cost Estimate
135 C.4 Available Resources
137 Appendix D – Determining Cost-Effectiveness
D.1 Introduction
D.2 Process to Assess Cost-Effectiveness
139 Appendix E – Hazard Mitigation Assistance Programs
E.1 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
140 E.2 Flood Mitigation Assistance Program
142 E.3 Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program
E.4 Repetitive Flood Claims Program
143 E.5 Severe Repetitive Loss Program
144 E.6 Additional Information
145 E.7 Housing Needs
147 Appendix F – FEMA Regional Offices
151 Appendix G – State and Tribal Historic Preservation Offices
167 Appendix H – NFIP State Coordinating Agencies and State Hazard Mitigation Officers
181 Appendix I – Glossary
189 Appendix J – Acronyms
193 Appendix K – References

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FEMA 551 2007
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