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FEMA P 2139 2 2020

FEMA P 2139 2 2020

$8.45

FEMA P-2139-2: Short-Period Building Collapse Performance and Recommendations for Improving Seismic Design Volume 2 – Study of One-to-Four Story Wood Light-Frame Buildings

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
FEMA 2020 366
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 FEMA P-2139-2
3 Short-Period Building Collapse Performance and Recommendations for Improving Seismic Design
Volume 2 – Study of One-to-Four Story Wood Light-Frame Buildings
5 Foreword
7 Preface
9 Table of Contents
13 List of Figures
27 List of Tables
37 Chapter 1: Introduction
38 1.1 Background and Purpose
42 1.2 Approach and Scope
47 1.3 Organization and Content
49 Chapter 2: Observed Response and Performance Benchmarks
2.1 Introduction
50 2.2 Significant Earthquakes and Sources of Data
2.2.1 U.S. Earthquakes (1964 – 2014)
55 2.2.2 World-Wide Earthquakes (1980 – 2014)
2.2.3 Building Records of Earthquake Response
59 2.3 Overview of Methods Used to Establish Benchmark Properties of Short-Period Wood Light-Frame Buildings
2.3.1 Benchmark Response Properties
2.3.2 Benchmark Performance Properties
61 2.3.3 Definitions and Relationship of Complete Structural Damage, Collapse, and Post-Earthquake Safety Evaluation Criteria
69 2.4 Measured Periods of Wood Light-Frame Buildings
73 2.5 Observed Damage and Collapse of Wood Light-Frame Buildings in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake
84 2.6 Observed Collapse Performance of Buildings in the 1995 Kobe Earthquake
94 2.7 Observed Performance of Full-Scale Wood Light-Frame Buildings in Shake Table Tests
2.7.1 Shake Table Tests of a Two-Story Japanese Home at the E-Defense Facility, Miki, Japan
99 2.7.2 Shake Table Tests of a Two-Story Townhouse at the Structural Engineering and Seismic Simulation Laboratory, University at Buffalo
103 2.8 Summary of Key Findings and Benchmark Properties of Short-Period Wood Light-Frame Buildings
2.8.1 Key Findings
104 2.8.2 Response Behavior
105 2.8.3 Collapse Performance
107 Chapter 3: Development of Building Archetype Configurations and Designs
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Factors Influencing Building Response and Performance
108 3.2.1 Seismic Design Level
3.2.2 Building Age and Configuration
109 3.2.3 Structural Component Properties
110 3.2.4 Architectural and Nonstructural Components and Finishes
111 3.2.5 Site Class and Foundation
3.2.6 Design and Construction Practice
112 3.3 Building Types and Occupancies for Development of Archetypes
3.3.1 FEMA Model Building Types
113 3.3.2 Commercial Buildings
3.3.3 Multi-Family Dwellings
114 3.3.4 Single-Family Dwellings
3.4 Archetype Design Criteria and Representative Configurations
3.4.1 Gravity Loads
115 3.4.2 Seismic Loads
116 3.4.3 Foundation Design Criteria
3.4.4 Design Approach
117 3.4.5 Representative Archetype Configurations
119 3.5 Commercial Buildings
122 3.6 Multi-Family Dwellings
128 3.7 Single-Family Dwellings
133 Chapter 4: Numerical Modeling for Parametric Studies
4.1 Modeling Methods
4.1.1 Overview of Timber3D
134 4.1.2 Typical Timber3D Models
135 4.1.3 Nonlinear Wall Building Blocks
138 4.1.4 Building Block Nonlinear Component Properties
150 4.2 Overview of Parametric Studies and Variations in Archetypes
154 4.3 Baseline Configuration Parametric Study
155 4.4 Collapse Displacement Capacity Parametric Study
156 4.5 Nonstructural Interior and Exterior Wall Finishes Parametric Study
4.6 Soil-Structure Interaction and Foundation Flexibility Parametric Study
4.6.1 Details of Modeling for SSI and Foundation Flexibility
161 4.7 Backbone Curve Shape Parametric Study
4.7.1 Details of Modeling Backbone Curve Shape
164 4.8 Analysis Methods
4.8.1 Overview
4.8.2 Free Vibration Analyses
4.8.3 Nonlinear Static Pushover Analyses
165 4.8.4 Incremental Dynamic Analyses and Collapse Evaluation
170 4.8.5 Peak Response Calculations
171 Chapter 5: Numerical Results of Parametric Studies
5.1 Overview of Results
173 5.2 Baseline Configuration Parametric Study
174 5.2.1 Baseline Configuration Archetypes and Variants
5.2.2 Numerical Results
185 5.2.3 Interpretation of Results
189 5.3 Collapse Displacement Capacity Parametric Study
5.3.1 Collapse Displacement Capacity Archetypes and Variants
192 5.3.2 Numerical Results
208 5.3.3 Interpretation of Results
211 5.4 Nonstructural Interior and Exterior Wall Finishes Parametric Study
212 5.4.1 Nonstructural Interior and Exterior Wall Finish Archetypes and Variants
213 5.4.2 Numerical Results
221 5.4.3 Interpretation of Results
222 5.5 Soil-Structure Interaction and Foundation Flexibility Parametric Study
223 5.5.1 Soil-Structure Interaction and Foundation Flexibility Archetypes and Variants
224 5.5.2 Numerical Results
231 5.5.3 Interpretation of Results
235 5.6 Backbone Curve Shape Parametric Study
5.6.1 Backbone Curve Shape Archetypes and Variants
236 5.6.2 Numerical Results
244 5.6.3 Interpretation of Results
245 5.7 Overarching Findings on Parametric Studies
247 Chapter 6: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Key Findings of the Parametric Studies
248 6.2.1 Baseline Configuration Study
256 6.2.2 Collapse Displacement Capacity Parametric Study
260 6.2.3 Nonstructural Interior and Exterior Wall Finishes Parametric Study
262 6.2.4 Soil-Structure Interaction and Foundation Flexibility Parametric Study
264 6.2.5 Backbone Curve Shape Parametric Study
267 6.3 Conclusions and Recommendations
268 6.3.1 Comparison with Prior FEMA P-695 Collapse Studies
271 6.3.2 Recommendations for Improved Seismic Design Codes and Standards
275 6.3.3 Recommendations for Advanced Seismic Design and Analysis Practices
277 6.3.4 Recommendations for Enhanced Modeling and Testing
281 Appendix A: Archetype Design Criteria and Details
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Design of Wood Light-Frame Archetypes
282 A.2.1 Structural Properties for Engineered Designs
284 A.2.2 Wall Locations and Configurations
285 A.3 Commercial Building Shear Wall Designs
289 A.4 Multi-Family Dwelling Shear Wall Designs
290 A.4.1 One-Story Multi-Family Dwelling Shear Walls
293 A.4.2 Two-Story Multi-Family Dwelling Shear Walls
297 A.4.3 Four-Story Multi-Family Dwelling Shear Walls
305 A.5 Single-Family Dwelling Engineered Shear Wall Designs
313 A.6 Single-Family Dwelling Conventional Construction Shear Wall Designs
315 A.7 Foundation Designs for Wood Light-Frame Building Archetypes
321 Appendix B: Archive of Peak Response Calculations
B.1 Peak Response Calculations from Parametric Studies
B.2 Peak Response Calculations from the Study on Effect of Viscous Damping
B.3 Response Parameters Archived for Each Model
327 Appendix C: Effect of Viscous Damping on Collapse Performance of Wood Light-Frame Archetypes
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Equation of Motion and Damping Model
328 C.2.1 Rayleigh Damping Model
329 C.2.2 Variation of Damping Ratios with Natural Periods
330 C.3 Sensitivity Study on Addition of Viscous Damping
C.3.1 Modal and Pushover Analyses
331 C.3.2 Incremental Dynamic Analyses
332 C.4 Discussion
335 Appendix D: Validation Study
D.1 Introduction
D.2 Measured Response Behavior in the 2003 San Simeon Earthquake
341 D.3 Validation of Numerical Modeling
D.3.1 Modeling and Scope
342 D.3.2 Main Findings – Model 1
344 D.3.3 Main Findings – Model 2
347 D.3.4 Summary of Findings
349 References
361 Project Participants
366 Back Cover

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