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IEEE 2417-2022

IEEE 2417-2022

$50.92

IEEE Guide for Early Detection, Mitigation, Preventative Measures, and Response to Smoke, Fire, and Explosions in Underground Electrical Structures

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IEEE 2022
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New IEEE Standard – Active. Abstract: Failures of underground cables and accessories can result in the release of toxic gases and large amounts of energy. These failures include smoking manholes, manhole fires, and manhole explosions. These failure events can damage underground infrastructure and pose a risk to the maintenance crews and the public. The root causes, prevention, early detection, mitigation, and response to failures of accessories and cable inside, and connected to underground electrical structures (i.e., manholes, vaults, handholes, etc.) are examined. Methods that can help prevent manhole events and methods that can mitigate the severity of manhole events are suggested.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 IEEE Std 2417™-2022 Front cover
2 Title page
4 Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
8 Participants
10 Introduction
11 Contents
13 1. Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope
1.3 Purpose
14 1.4 Word usage
2. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations
2.1 Definitions
16 2.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
17 3. Background
18 4. Root causes of manhole events
4.1 Introduction
20 4.2 Third-party sources of combustible gases
4.3 Hydrogen from aluminum hydroxylation
4.4 Aged or damaged cable and components
21 4.5 Insulation failure
4.6 Conductive pathway
22 4.7 Quiescent fault
4.8 High-energy fault
4.9 Fault energy sufficient to dislodge cover
4.10 Heat initiates burning
4.11 High-energy fault only
4.12 Manhole explosion (detonation)
23 4.13 Manhole volume filled with liquid or solid
4.14 Insignificant combustible gas accumulation
4.15 Burning
24 4.16 Event perceivable from surface
4.17 Flammable gas concentration greater than LFL and less than UFL
4.18 Ignition source present
4.19 Adequate flammable gases to explode
4.20 Smoking manhole
25 4.21 Manhole fire
4.22 Manhole explosion (deflagration)
5. Combustion chemistry
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Decomposition of insulation
28 6. Prevention of manhole events
6.1 Introduction
29 6.2 Preventing NMEs
32 6.3 Preventing PMEs
37 7. Detection of manhole event precursors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Differential current imbalance
38 7.3 Contact voltage
39 7.4 Power quality event
40 7.5 Continuous monitoring
41 8. Manhole explosion modeling
44 9. Manhole covers
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Restrained pressure relief covers
48 9.3 Volume expansion system
49 9.4 Vented covers
50 10. Response
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Stakeholder planning
51 10.3 Response plan elements
52 10.4 Collateral damage to adjacent utility facilities
53 10.5 Post-event actions
11. Risk assessment
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Event undesirable outcomes
54 11.3 Event risk
12. Retarding event escalation
12.1 Introduction
55 12.2 Chemical seals
12.3 Mechanical seals
12.4 Grouts
56 12.5 Sealant considerations
57 Annex A (informative) Bibliography
62 Annex B (informative) Combustion chemistry
B.1 Types of explosions
B.2 Types of decomposition
67 Annex C (informative) Mass balance calculations
69 Back cover

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