IEEE 56 2016

$52.54

IEEE Guide for Insulation Maintenance of Electric Machines

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2016	87

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Description

New IEEE Standard – Active. This insulation maintenance guide is applicable to rotating electric machines rated from 35 kVA and higher. The procedures detailed herein may also be useful for insulation maintenance of otherre types of machines.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std 56-2016 Front Cover
2	Title page
4	Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
7	Participants
9	Introduction
10	Contents
12	Important Notice 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose 2. Normative references
14	3. Definitions
15	4. Safety 4.1 General 4.2 Machine rotation 4.3 Solvents 4.4 Asbestos, lead, and other hazardous materials
16	5. Significance of maintenance 6. Insulation systems in general use 6.1 Insulating materials
17	6.2 Armature winding insulation 6.2.1 Strand insulation 6.2.2 Turn insulation 6.2.3 Groundwall insulation
19	6.2.4 Semiconducting slot coating 6.2.5 Stress control coating
20	6.2.6 Stator slot tightening systems 6.2.7 Support insulation 6.2.8 Circuit ring (also known as parallel ring) insulation
21	6.2.9 Commutator insulation 6.3 Wound rotor windings (three-phase induction machines) 6.3.1 Partially closed slots—strap or bar windings (generally used on high-speed machines) 6.3.2 Open or semi-enclosed slots 6.3.3 Strand (wire) insulation 6.3.4 Groundwall insulation
22	6.3.5 Winding support wedges 6.3.6 Collector rings 6.4 Field winding insulation 6.4.1 Field windings 6.4.2 Turn (conductor) insulation 6.4.3 Ground insulation 6.4.4 Collector insulation
23	6.4.5 Brush rigging insulation 6.5 Core and frame-assembly insulation 6.5.1 Stator core interlaminar insulation (core plate insulation) 6.5.2 Insulation punchings 6.5.3 Core tightening through bolt insulation 6.5.4 Other insulating parts 7. Service conditions affecting insulation life
24	7.1 Aging mechanisms 7.2 AC Stationary armature winding aging mechanisms 7.2.1 Thermal deterioration 7.2.2 Thermal cycling
25	7.2.3 Internal water leaks 7.2.4 Poor impregnation
26	7.2.5 Loose coils or bars in the slot 7.2.6 Semiconducting coating degradation 7.2.7 Electrical/mechanical (contact) erosion
27	7.2.8 Semiconducting/stress control coating interface failure 7.2.9 Electrical stresses
28	7.2.10 Electrical tracking due to contamination 7.2.11 Voltage surges
29	7.2.12 Environmental factors 7.2.12.1 Chemical attack
30	7.2.12.2 Abrasive particles 7.2.12.3 Ionizing radiation
31	7.2.12.4 Magnetic material (termites) 7.2.13 End-winding vibration
32	7.3 Cylindrical (round rotor) field winding aging mechanisms 7.3.1 Thermal aging
33	7.3.2 Thermal cycling 7.3.3 Abrasion due to imbalance or turning gear operation
34	7.3.4 Electrical tracking from contamination 7.3.5 Repetitive voltage surges 7.3.6 Rotational force
35	7.4 Salient pole rotating field winding aging mechanisms 7.4.1 Thermal aging 7.4.2 Thermal cycling
36	7.4.3 Pollution (tracking and moisture absorption) 7.4.4 Abrasive particles 7.4.5 Rotational force 7.4.6 Repetitive voltage surges
37	7.5 Wound rotor winding aging mechanisms 7.5.1 Thermal aging 7.5.2 Transient overvoltages 7.5.3 Unbalanced stator voltages 7.5.4 High resistance connections
38	7.5.5 End-winding banding failures 7.5.6 Slip ring insulation shorting and grounding 7.5.7 Pollution (tracking and moisture absorption) 7.6 DC motor and generator field winding aging mechanisms 7.6.1 Thermal aging
39	7.6.2 Thermal cycling 7.6.3 Abrasive particles 7.6.4 Pollution (tracking and moisture adsorption)
40	7.7 DC motor and generator armature winding aging mechanisms 7.7.1 Thermal aging 7.7.2 High resistance connections 7.7.3 End-winding banding failures 7.7.4 Pollution (tracking and moisture adsorption) 7.8 DC motor and generator commutator aging mechanisms 7.8.1 Glass band contamination
41	7.8.2 Electrical tracking 7.8.3 Commutator wear 7.8.4 Commutator eccentricity 7.8.5 Commutator brush wear 7.9 Stator core insulation aging mechanisms
42	7.9.1 Thermal aging 7.9.2 Electrical aging 7.9.2.1 Stator core end overheating due to under excitation
43	7.9.2.2 Overheating of back-of-stator core due to over excitation 7.9.2.3 Stator winding ground faults in core slots 7.9.2.4 Stator core faults from through-bolt insulation damage
44	7.9.3 Mechanical aging 7.9.3.1 Core looseness 7.9.3.2 Stator core relaxation, fretting, and failure—turbine generators
45	7.9.3.3 Stator core vibration—turbine generators 7.9.3.4 Stator core fretting, relaxation, and failure—hydrogenerators 7.9.3.5 Back-of-stator core overheating and burning
46	7.9.3.6 Stator-to-rotor rubs 7.9.3.7 Loose metal components entering the air gap 8. Visual inspection methods
47	8.1 Visual inspection safety 8.2 Armature winding 8.2.1 Thermal aging 8.2.2 Cracking 8.2.3 Girth cracking 8.2.4 Contamination 8.2.5 Carbon deposits
48	8.2.6 Abrasion 8.2.7 Loose slot wedges or slot fillers 8.2.8 Erosion 8.2.9 Corrosion/chemical attack 8.2.10 Erosion by partial discharge 8.2.11 Rotational forces 8.2.12 Commutator condition
49	8.3 Field windings 8.3.1 Coil distortion 8.3.2 Loose collars or coils 8.3.3 Rotor coil tightness
50	8.3.4 Brush rigging 8.3.5 Collector 8.4 Core and frame assembly 8.4.1 Stator (armature) core
51	8.4.2 Core insulated through bolts 8.4.3 Bearing, hydrogen seal, and other insulation 9. Insulation maintenance testing 9.1 Principles of maintenance testing
52	9.2 Tests conducted on the field winding 9.2.1 Insulation resistance 9.2.2 Dielectric absorption 9.2.3 Winding resistance
53	9.2.4 Field winding voltage drop tests 9.2.5 Impedance test
54	9.2.6 Flux distribution tests 9.2.7 Recurrent surge oscillography (RSO) test 9.3 Tests conducted on the armature (stator) 9.3.1 Insulation resistance test at low voltage
55	9.3.2 Dielectric absorption test 9.3.3 Over voltage tests
56	9.3.4 Controlled overvoltage test (dc) 9.3.5 Alternative method of controlled overvoltage test 9.3.6 Other overvoltage methods
57	9.3.7 Insulation power-factor test or dissipation factor test 9.3.8 Slot discharge and corona probe tests
58	9.3.9 Partial-discharge tests
60	9.3.9.1 Test instrumentation
61	9.3.9.2 Noise reduction 9.3.9.3 Test procedure for individual phases with other two grounded 9.3.9.4 Test procedure of individual phases with all energized 9.3.9.5 Test interpretation
62	9.3.10 Turn-to-turn insulation test 9.3.11 Coil-to-core contact resistance 9.3.12 Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs)
63	9.3.13 Insulation resistance test of embedded temperature detectors 9.3.14 Insulation resistance test of insulated stator through bolts 9.3.15 Winding resistance
64	9.3.16 Stator core (interlaminar insulation) high flux test
65	9.3.16.1 Safety considerations for high flux core insulation test
66	9.3.16.2 General considerations for high flux core insulation test 9.3.17 Stator core low energy test 9.3.18 Stator core testing with alternate frequency 10. Cleaning 10.1 General
67	10.2 Cleaning techniques 10.2.1 Vacuum cleaning 10.2.2 Air lance cleaning
68	10.2.3 Solvent cleaning 10.2.4 Abrasive blasting
69	10.2.5 CO2 blasting 10.2.6 Steam cleaning 10.2.7 Cleaning by water immersion or water hose 10.2.8 Drying and treatment considerations after cleaning
71	Annex A (informative) Bibliography
74	Annex B (informative) Thermosetting resins used in insulation systems
75	Annex C (informative) Stator core interlaminar insulation (high flux) test procedure
81	Annex D (informative) Stator core low energy (EL CID) test
84	Annex E (informative) Machine condition visual inspection appraisal–Checklist
87	Back Cover