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IEEE C57.147 2018

IEEE C57.147 2018

$33.58

IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Insulating Liquid in Transformers

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 2018 47
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Revision Standard – Active. Assistance to equipment manufacturers and service companies to evaluate the suitability of unused natural ester insulating liquids being received from suppliers is provided in this guide. Information for transformer operators in evaluating and maintaining natural ester insulating liquids in serviceable condition is also provided.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 IEEE Std C57.147™-2018 Front cover
2 Title page
4 Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
7 Participants
9 Introduction
10 Contents
12 1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
1.3 System design
13 1.4 Background information on mixtures of natural ester liquids with other dielectric liquids
2. Normative references
15 3. Acronyms and abbreviations
16 4. Liquid tests and the significance of each test
4.1 General
17 4.2 Practices for sampling (ASTM D923)
4.3 Acid number (ASTM D664 and ASTM D974)
18 4.4 Dielectric breakdown voltage (ASTM D1816)
4.5 Dielectric breakdown voltage—impulse conditions (ASTM D3300)
19 4.6 AC loss characteristics—dissipation factor and relative permittivity (ASTM D924)
4.7 Interfacial tension (ASTM D971)
4.8 Color (ASTM D1500)
20 4.9 Kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445)
4.10 Flash point and fire point—Cleveland Open Cup Method (ASTM D92)
4.11 Relative density (ASTM D1298)
4.12 Pour point (ASTM D97, ASTM D5949 [B5], and ASTM D5950 [B6])
21 4.13 Volume resistivity (ASTM D1169)
4.14 Gas analysis (ASTM D3284, D3612)
22 4.15 Oxidation stability
23 4.16 Water content—Karl Fischer Method (ASTM D1533)
4.17 Visual examination of used liquids (ASTM D1524)
4.18 Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization (ASTM D2300)
24 4.19 Corrosive sulfur test (ASTM D1275)
4.20 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (ASTM D4059)
4.21 Furanic compounds (ASTM D5837)
5. Liquid compatibility with transformer materials
6. Handling and evaluation of natural ester liquids for use in filling transformers at the installation site
6.1 General
6.2 Shipping containers
25 6.3 Check tests on receipt
6.4 Handling of the liquid by the user and placing the liquid in storage
27 6.5 Handling and testing of natural ester liquids for installation into apparatus
28 7. Evaluation of natural ester liquids received in new equipment and after filling apparatus on-site
29 8. Maintenance of natural ester liquids
8.1 Field screening
30 8.2 Laboratory screening
8.3 Test limits for in-service natural ester liquids
31 8.4 Reconditioning
32 8.5 Reclaiming
33 8.6 Mixtures of different types of insulating liquids
9. General environmental procedures
9.1 General
9.2 Leaks
9.3 Minor spills
34 9.4 Spills on soil
9.5 Spills on water
35 Annex A (informative) Bibliography
39 Annex B (informative) Additional technical information
B.1 Relative moisture saturation of natural esters compared to conventional mineral oil
40 B.2 Service-aged natural ester liquids
41 B.3 Examples of key properties of mixtures of an unused natural ester with unused mineral oil
43 Annex C (informative) Additional information on fire, safety, environmental, and sustainable properties of natural esters
C.1 Fire safety considerations
44 C.2 Environmental and health safety considerations
C.3 Sustainability considerations
45 Annex D (informative) Discussion regarding natural ester immersed load tap changers (LTCs)
47 Back cover

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IEEE C57.147 2018
$33.58