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IEEE/IEC 60255 118 1 2018

IEEE/IEC 60255 118 1 2018

$52.54

IEEE/IEC International Standard – Measuring relays and protection equipment – Part 118-1: Synchrophasor for power systems – Measurements

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
IEEE 2018 78
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Title page
4 CONTENTS
8 FOREWORD
10 INTRODUCTION
12 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
13 3.2 Abbreviated terms
14 4 Synchrophasor measurement
4.1 Input and output quantities
4.2 Power system signal
Figures
Figure 1 – Input and output quantities
15 4.3 Measurand definitions
4.3.1 Synchrophasor phase angle
4.3.2 Synchrophasor measurand
4.4 Frequency measurand definition
16 4.5 Rate of change of frequency measurand definition
4.6 Measurement time synchronization
5 Measurement compliance evaluation
5.1 PMU measurement capability
5.2 Measurement evaluation
5.2.1 Synchrophasor measurement evaluation
17 5.2.2 Frequency and ROCOF measurement evaluation
5.2.3 Measurement response time and delay time
18 5.2.4 Overshoot and undershoot
19 Figure 2 – Step transition examples
20 5.2.5 Measurement reporting latency
5.2.6 Measurement and operational errors
21 5.3 Measurement reporting
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Reporting rates
5.3.3 Reporting times
5.4 Measurement compliance
5.4.1 Performance classes
Tables
Table 1 – Standard PMU reporting rates
22 5.4.2 Compliance verification
6 Measurement compliance test and evaluation
6.1 Testing considerations
23 6.2 Reference and test conditions
6.3 Steady-state compliance
24 Table 2 – Steady-state synchrophasor measurement requirements
26 6.4 Dynamic compliance – Measurement bandwidth
Table 3 – Steady-state frequency and ROCOF measurement requirements
28 Table 4 – Synchrophasor measurement bandwidth requirements using modulated test signals
Table 5 – Frequency and ROCOF performance requirements under modulation tests
29 6.5 Dynamic compliance – Performance during ramp of system frequency
31 6.6 Dynamic compliance – Performance under step changes in phase and magnitude
Table 6 – Synchrophasor performance requirements under frequency ramp tests
Table 7 – Frequency and ROCOF performance requirements under frequency ramp tests
32 6.7 PMU reporting latency compliance
Table 8 – Phasor performance requirements for input step change
Table 9 – Frequency and ROCOF performance requirements for input step change
Table 10 – PMU reporting latency
33 7 Documentation
34 Annex A (informative)Time tagging and dynamic response
A.1 Dynamic response
A.2 Time tags
35 Figure A.1 – Frequency step test phase response without groupdelay compensation
Figure A.2 – Frequency step test phase response after group delay compensation
36 A.3 Magnitude step test example
Figure A.3 – Magnitude step test results for 3 different algorithms
37 A.4 PMU time input
Figure A.4 – Magnitude step test example
39 Annex B (informative)Parameter representation and definition application examples
B.1 General
B.2 Representing non-stationary sinusoids
40 B.3 Introduction of definition application examples
B.3.1 General
B.3.2 Example 1: steady-state at nominal frequency
B.3.3 Example 2: steady-state and constant off-nominal frequency
41 B.3.4 Example 3: oscillation of the phase and amplitude of the power signal
Figure B.1 – Sampling a power frequency sinusoid at off-nominal frequency
42 B.3.5 Example 4: constant, non-zero rate of change of frequency
43 B.4 Reconstruction of the power system sinusoidal signal from the synchrophasor
44 Annex C (informative)PMU evaluation and testing
C.1 General
C.2 TVE measurement evaluation
45 C.3 Phase-magnitude relation in TVE and timing
Figure C.1 – Total vector error (TVE)
Figure C.2 – The 1 % TVE criterion shown on the end of a phasor
46 Figure C.3 – TVE as a function of magnitude for various phase errors
47 C.4 Evaluation of response to stepped input signals
Figure C.4 – TVE as a function of phase for various magnitude errors
48 Figure C.5 – Example of step change measurements using a magnitude step at t = 0
49 C.5 Harmonic distortion test signal phasing
C.6 ROCOF limits
C.6.1 General
Table C.1 – Harmonic phase sequence in a balanced three-phase system
50 C.6.2 Derivation
51 C.7 PMU reporting latency
Figure C.6 – PMU reporting latency example (actual PMU measurement)
52 Annex D (informative)Reference signal processing models
D.1 General
D.2 Basic synchrophasor estimation model
53 D.3 Timestamp compensation for low-pass filter group delay
Figure D.1 – Single phase section of the PMU phasor signal processing model
54 D.4 Positive sequence, frequency, and ROCOF
Figure D.2 – Complete PMU signal processing model
55 D.5 P Class reference model for phasor
D.6 P class filter details
56 Figure D.3 – P class filter coefficient example (N = 2 × (16 – 1) = 30)
Figure D.4 – P class filter response as a function of frequency
57 D.7 M class reference model for phasor
58 Figure D.5 – Reference algorithm filter frequencyresponse mask specification for M Class
59 D.8 Data rate reduction model
Figure D.6 – M class filter coefficient example
Table D.1 – M class low pass filter parameters
60 D.9 Trade-offs in the reference model
D.9.1 Immunity to off-nominal components, reporting latency and time alignment
Figure D.7 – Data rate reduction signal processing model
Figure D.8 – Factors affecting estimation
61 D.9.2 Response time and the accuracy of synchrophasors, frequency and ROCOF measurements
Figure D.9 – Reference filter magnitude frequency response with Fs = 60 fps
63 Annex E (informative)Synchrophasor measurement using sampled value input to PMU
E.1 General
E.2 Creation of sampled values
Figure E.1 – Synchrophasors having sampled values as inputs
64 E.3 Sources of synchrophasor error when using sampled values
E.4 Performance
E.4.1 General
E.4.2 Steady-state performance considerations
65 E.4.3 Dynamic performance considerations
E.4.4 Latency
66 E.5 Proposed changes to performance requirements
Table E.1 – Summary of proposed performance requirement changes
68 Annex G (normative)Extended accuracy specification for PMUs in steady-state
G.1 General
G.2 Applicable conditions
G.3 Accuracy specification
Table G.1 – Conditions for extended accuracy tests
69 G.4 Usage examples
G.5 Preferred accuracy ranges
G.6 Testing issues
G.6.1 Testing for improved accuracy
70 G.6.2 Testing at currents exceeding continuous thermal rating
G.6.3 Environmental considerations
71 Annex H (informative)Generator voltage and power angle measurement
H.1 General
H.2 Measurement methods
H.3 Input signal
H.4 Measuring process
72 Figure H.1 – Phasor diagram under no-load conditions
Figure H.2 – Phasor diagram with load on generator
73 Annex I (normative)Extended PMU bandwidth classes
I.1 General
I.2 Bandwidth determination
I.3 Enhanced bandwidth classes
Table I.1 – Conditions for extended bandwidth testing
74 I.4 Testing issues
75 Bibliography

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IEEE/IEC 60255 118 1 2018
$52.54