🔥🔥 Don’t Miss Out on Our End of Autumn Sale. If you have any questions, feel free to click the bottom right corner to contact our customer service..

Concat us[email protected]
Shopping Cart

No products in the cart.

🔍
SMACNA HVACSystemsDuctDesign 2006 04E

SMACNA HVACSystemsDuctDesign 2006 04E

$115.38

HVAC Systems-Duct Design, 4th Edition

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
SMACNA 2006 392
PDF Format Searchable Printable Preview Now
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Category:

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

Presents the basic methods and procedures required to design HVAC air distribution systems. Offers the HVAC system designer and installer detailed information on duct design, materials and construction methods. In addition to the basic engineering guidelines for the sizing of HVAC ductwork systems, the manual also provides related information on economics of duct systems, duct system layout, pressure losses, fan selection, duct leakage, acoustic considerations, and Testing, Adjusting and Balancing (TAB). Both U.S. and metric units are provided in all examples, calculations, and tables.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
5 FOREWORD
6 SMACNA DUCT DESIGN COMMITTEE
7 NOTICE TO USERS OF THIS PUBLICATION
11 TABLE OF CONTENTS
21 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
1.3 PURPOSE
1.4 HISTORY OF AIR DUCT SYSTEMS
22 1.5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.6 HVAC SYSTEMS LIBRARY
23 1.7 CODES AND ORDINANCES
24 FIGURE 1-1 U.S.A. BUILDING CODES AND ORDINANCES
25 1.8 HVAC DUCT SYSTEM TYPES
26 1.9 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS
27 1.10 INDOOR AIR QUALITY
28 1.11 VENTILATION RATES
31 CHAPTER 2 ECONOMICS OF DUCT SYSTEMS
2.1 SCOPE
2.2 RESPONSIBILITIES
32 2.3 INITIAL SYSTEM COSTS
Table 2-1 Annual Life Cycle Cost Factors
33 2.4 ANNUAL OWNING COSTS
2.5 ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS
2.6 OPERATION COSTS
Table 2-2 Cost of Owning and Operating a Typical Commercial Building
34 Table 2-3 Initial Cost Systems
35 2.7 CONTROLLING COSTS
2.8 DUCT ASPECT RATIOS
2.9 PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION AND LEAKAGE
Table 2-4 Aspect Ratio Example
36 FIGURE 2-1 RELATIVE COSTS OF DUCT SEGMENTS INSTALLED
FIGURE 2-2 RELATIVE INSTALLED COST VERSUS ASPECT RATIO
37 2.10 COST OF FITTINGS
Table 2-5 Relative Duct System Costs (Fabrication and installation of same size duct)
FIGURE 2-3 RELATIVE OPERATING COST VERSUS ASPECT RATIO
38 Table 2-6 Estimated Equipment Service Lives
41 CHAPTER 3 ROOM AIR DISTRIBUTION
3.1 SCOPE
3.2 COMFORT
Table 3-1 Metabolic Rates of Typical Tasks
43 FIGURE 3-1 CLOTHING INSULATION NECESSARY FOR VARIOUS LEVELS OF COMFORT AT A GIVEN TEMPERATURE DURING LIGHT, MAINLY SEDENTARY ACTIVITIES
44 Table 3-2 Operative Temperatures for Thermal Acceptability of Sedentary or slightly Active persons ( 1.2 Mets) at 50 percent Relative Humiditya
46 FIGURE 3-2 COMFORT ZONE
47 FIGURE 3-3 RANGE OF AVERAGE AIR MOVEMENTS PERMITTED IN THE SUMMER AND EXTENDED SUMMER ZONES
48 Table 3-3 Clo Units for Individual Items of Clothing = 0.82 ( Individual Items)
49 FIGURE 3-4 OPTIMUM OPERATIVE TEMPERATURES FOR ACTIVE PEOPLE IN LOW AIR MOVEMENT ENVIRONMENTS
50 Table 3-4 Characteristic Room Lengths for Diffusers
51 FIGURE 3-5 PERCENTAGE OF OCCUPANTS OBJECTING TO DRAFTS IN AIR-CONDITIONED ROOMS (I-P)
FIGURE 3-6 PERCENTAGE OF OCCUPANTS OBJECTING TO DRAFTS IN AIR-CONDITIONED ROOMS (SI)
52 Table 3-5 Air Diffusion Performance Index (ADPI)
53 3.3 AIR DISTRIBUTION FUNDAMENTALS
FIGURE 3-7 SURFACE (COANDA) EFFECT
55 3.4 OUTLET LOCATION
56 FIGURE 3-8 OUTLET VELOCITY AND AIR DIRECTION DIAGRAMS FOR STACK HEADS WITH EXPANDING OUTLETS
57 Table 3-6 Guide for Selection of Supply Outlets
FIGURE 3-9 AIR MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP A OUTLETS
58 FIGURE 3-10 AIR MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP B OUTLETS
59 FIGURE 3-11 AIR MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP C OUTLETS
FIGURE 3-12 AIR MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP D OUTLETS
60 3.5 OUTLET CRITERIA
3.6 GRILLE AND REGISTER APPLICATIONS
3.7 SLOT DIFFUSER APPLICATIONS
FIGURE 3-13 AIR MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP E OUTLETS
61 3.8 CEILING DIFFUSER APPLICATIONS
62 Table 3-7 Supply Air Outlet Types
63 3.9 OUTLETS IN VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV) SYSTEMS
3.10 INLET CRITERIA
64 Table 3-8 Supply Air Outlet Performance
65 3.11 EXHAUST OUTLETS
3.12 SPECIAL SITUATIONS
3.13 AIR DISTRIBUTION SUMMARY
66 3.14 ROOM TERMINAL DEVICES
Table 3-9 Recommended Return Air Inlet Face Velocities
Table 3-10 Return and Exhaust Air Inlet Types
67 Table 3-11 Accessory devices
68 3.15 SUPPLY AIR GRILLE AND REGISTER TYPES
3.16 SUPPLY AIR CEILING DIFFUSER TYPES
69 3.17 VAV AND THERMAL BOXES
70 3.18 TERMINAL BOX VARIATIONS
71 3.19 BASIC VAV SYSTEM DESIGN
72 3.20 VAV COMPONENTS AND CONTROLS
73 3.21 VAV SYSTEM ADVANTAGES
3.22 VAV SYSTEM DESIGN PRECAUTIONS
75 3.23 VAV TERMINAL DEVICES
79 CHAPTER 4 GENERAL APPROACH TO DUCT DESIGN
4.1 SCOPE
81 4.2 DESIGN METHODS – OVERVIEW
82 4.3 SELDOM USED METHODS
83 4.4 DUCT HEAT GAIN OR LOSS
4.5 SOUND AND VIBRATION
4.6 PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION
Table 4-1 HVAC Duct Pressure Velocity Classification
84 4.7 DUCT LEAKAGE
4.8 FAN SIZING
4.9 TESTING, ADJUSTING AND BALANCING (TAB)
4.10 FINAL DESIGN DOCUMENTS
85 FIGURE 4-1 DUCT PRESSURE CLASS DESIGNATION (I-P)
86 FIGURE 4-1M DUCT PRESSURE CLASS DESIGNATION (SI)
87 FIGURE 4-2 SYMBOLS FOR VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (I-P)
88 FIGURE 4-2M SYMBOLS FOR VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (SI)
91 CHAPTER 5 DUCT DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS
5.1 SCOPE
5.2 FLUID PROPERTIES
92 5.3 FLUID STATICS
FIGURE 5-1 CAPILLARY ACTION
93 5.4 FLUID DYNAMICS
FIGURE 5-2 VELOCITY PROFILE
94 FIGURE 5-3 RELATION BETWEEN FRICTION FACTOR AND REYNOLDS NUMBER
96 5.5 FLUID FLOW PATTERNS
97 FIGURE 5-4 VELOCITY PROFILES OF FLOW IN DUCTS
FIGURE 5-5 SEPARATION IN FLOW IN A DIFFUSER
98 FIGURE 5-6 CHANGING VELOCITY PROFILES AT A MITERED ELBOW
FIGURE 5-7 EFFECT OF DUCT LENGTH ON DAMPER ACTION
99 5.6 DUCT SYSTEM PRESSURES
100 5.7 FRICTION LOSSES
102 5.8 DYNAMIC LOSSES
104 5.9 BASIC DUCT SIZING
105 FIGURE 5-8 PART DUCT FRICTION LOSS CHART (I-P)
106 5.10 DUCT CONFIGURATIONS
FIGURE 5-9 PART DUCT FRICTION LOSS CHART (SI)
108 5.11 DUCT FITTINGS
112 5.12 SYSTEM PRESSURE CHANGES
114 FIGURE 5-10 PRESSURE CHANGES DURING FLOW-IN DUCTS
FIGURE 5-11 RETURN AIR DUCT EXAMPLE
115 5.13 STRAIGHT DUCT LOSSES
5.14 DYNAMIC LOSSES
117 5.15 SPLITTER VANES
5.16 TURNING VANES
FIGURE 5-12 TO CALCULATE SPLITTER VANE SPACING FOR A SMOOTH RADIUS RECTANGULAR ELBOW
118 FIGURE 5-13 TURNING VANES RESEARCH
119 FIGURE 5-14 TURBULENCE CAUSED BY IMPROPER MOUNTING AND USE OF TURNING VANES
120 5.17 PRESSURE LOSSES IN DIVIDED-FLOW FITTINGS
FIGURE 5-15 PROPER INSTALLATION OF TURNING VANES
121 5.18 LOSSES DUE TO AREA CHANGES
5.19 OTHER LOSS COEFFICIENTS
122 5.20 OBSTRUCTION AVOIDANCE
FIGURE 5-16 AMCA DAMPER TESTS
FIGURE 5-17 DUCT OBSTRUCTIONS
123 Table 5-1 Unsealed Longitudinal Seam Leakage For Metal Ducts
124 5.21 DUCT AIR LEAKAGE
FIGURE 5-18 EXAMPLE 5-5 FAN/SYSTEM CURVE
125 FIGURE 5-19 DUCT LEAKAGE CLASSIFICATIONS
126 Table 5-2 Applicable Leakage Classesa
Table 5-3 Leakage As A Percentage of System Airflow
128 5.22 DUCT HEAT GAIN/LOSS
130 5.23 SMACNA DUCT RESEARCH
FIGURE 5-20 RECTANGULAR ELBOW 90 DEGREE THROAT, 90 DEGREE HEEL
131 5.24 FAN PRESSURES
FIGURE 5-21 DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION ELBOW RESEARCH
132 5.25 FAN DEFINITIONS
FIGURE 5-22 END TAP RESEARCH
133 FIGURE 5-23 FAN TOTAL PRESSURE (TP)
FIGURE 5-24 FAN STATIC PRESSURE (SP)
FIGURE 5-25 FAN VELOCITY PRESSURE (VP)
134 5.26 FAN LAWS
FIGURE 5-26 TIP SPEED
135 FIGURE 5-27 CENTRIFUGAL FAN COMPONENTS
136 5.27 FAN TESTING
5.28 FAN CLASSIFICATIONS
5.29 FAN TYPES
FIGURE 5-28 AXIAL FAN COMPONENTS
137 FIGURE 5-29 METHOD OF OBTAINING FAN PERFORMANCE CURVES
FIGURE 5-30 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR FC FANS
138 FIGURE 5-31 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR BI FANS
FIGURE 5-32 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR AIRFOIL FANS
FIGURE 5-33 TUBULAR CENTRIFUGAL FAN
139 5.30 FAN CURVES
FIGURE 5-34 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR TUBULAR CENTRIFUGAL FANS
FIGURE 5-35 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR PROPELLER FANS
FIGURE 5-36 CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR VANEAXIAL FANS
140 FIGURE 5-37 APPLICATION OF THE FAN LAWS
141 FIGURE 5-38 CENTRIFUGAL FAN PERFORMANCE TABLE (I-P)
FIGURE 5-39 CENTRIFUGAL FAN PERFORMANCE TABLE (METRIC UNITS)
142 5.31 DUCT SYSTEM AIRFLOW
5.32 SYSTEM CURVES
FIGURE 5-40 SYSTEM RESISTANCE CURVE
143 FIGURE 5-41 FAN CURVE PLOTS
144 FIGURE 5-42 NORMALIZED DUCT SYSTEM CURVES
FIGURE 5-43 OPERATING POINT
FIGURE 5-44 VARIATIONS FROM DESIGN ” AIR SHORTAGE
145 FIGURE 5-45 EFFECT OF 10 PERCENT INCREASE IN FAN SPEED
146 5.33 AIR DENSITY EFFECTS
FIGURE 5-46 INTERACTIONS OF SYSTEM CURVES AND FAN CURVE
FIGURE 5-47 EFFECT OF DENSITY CHANGE (CONSTANT VOLUME)
147 FIGURE 5-48 EFFECT OF DENSITY CHANGE (CONSTANT STATIC PRESSURE)
148 5.34 ESTIMATING SYSTEM RESISTANCE
FIGURE 5-49 EFFECT OF DENSITY CHANGE (CONSTANT MASS FLOW)
149 5.35 SAFETY FACTORS
5.36 THE FAN OUTLET
FIGURE 5-50 DUCT SYSTEM CURVE NOT AT DESIGN POINT
150 FIGURE 5-51 AMCA FAN TEST ” PITOT TUBE
151 FIGURE 5-52 ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNIFORM VELOCITY PROFILE
152 FIGURE 5-53 EFFECTS OF SYSTEM EFFECT
153 5.37 THE FAN INLET
FIGURE 5-54 SYSTEM EFFECT CURVES FOR INLET DUCT ELBOWS ” AXIAL FANS
154 5.38 ASHRAE METHODS
155 Table 5-4 K Values for Outlet Ducts
156 5.39 FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK
Table 5-5 K Values for Single Width, Single Inlet Fans (SWSI)
157 5.40 DEFICIENT FAN PERFORMANCE
5.41 SYSTEM EFFECT FACTORS
158 FIGURE 5-55 SAMPLE ASHRAE FAN SYSTEM EFFECT “LOSS COEFFICIENTS”
159 FIGURE 5-56 CHANGES FROM SYSTEM EFFECT
160 5.42 BUILDING PRESSURES
FIGURE 5-57 SENSITIVITY OF SYSTEM VOLUME TO LOCATIONS OF BUILDING OPENINGS, INTAKES, AND EXHAUSTS
161 FIGURE 5-58 BUILDING SURFACE FLOW PATTERNS
162 FIGURE 5-59 PRESSURE DIFFERENCE DUE TO STACK EFFECT
163 5.43 BUILDING AIRFLOW CONTROL
FIGURE 5-60 AIR MOVEMENTS DUE TO NORMAL AND REVERSE STACK EFFECT
167 CHAPTER 6 FAN-DUCT CONNECTION PRESSURE LOSSES
6.1 SCOPE
6.2 FAN OUTLET CONDITIONS
168 FIGURE 6-1 SYSTEM EFFECT CURVES
169 FIGURE 6-2 CONTROLLED DIFFUSION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A UNIFORM VELOCITY PROFILE IN A STRAIGHT LENGTH OF OUTLET DUCT
170 Table 6-1 System Effect Curves for Outlet Ducts
171 FIGURE 6-3 OUTLET DUCT ELBOWS
172 Table 6-2 System Effect Factor Curves for Outlet Elbows
173 6.3 FAN INLET CONDITIONS
FIGURE 6-4 PARALLEL VERSUS OPPOSED DAMPERS
174 FIGURE 6-5 TYPICAL HVAC UNIT CONNECTIONS
FIGURE 6-6 TYPICAL INLET CONNECTIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL AND AXIAL FANS
175 FIGURE 6-7 NON-UNIFORM FLOW INTO A FAN INLET INDUCED BY A 90 DEGREE ROUND SECTION ELBOW – NO TURNING VANES
FIGURE 6-8 NON-UNIFORM FLOW INDUCED INTO FAN INLET BY A RECTANGULAR INLET DUCT
176 FIGURE 6-9 SYSTEM EFFECTS FOR VARIOUS MITERED ELBOWS WITHOUT VANES
177 FIGURE 6-10 SYSTEM EFFECTS FOR SQUARE DUCT ELBOWS
178 FIGURE 6-11 EXAMPLE OF A FORCED INLET VORTEX (SPIN-SWIRL)
FIGURE 6-12 INLET DUCT CONNECTIONS CAUSING INLET SPIN
179 6.4 EFFECTS OF FACTORY SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES
FIGURE 6-13 CORRECTIONS FOR INLET SPIN
FIGURE 6-14 AMCA STANDARD 210 FLOW STRAIGHTENER
180 FIGURE 6-15 SYSTEM EFFECT CURVES FOR FANS LOCATED IN PLENUMS AND CABINET ENCLOSURES AND FOR VARIOUS WALL TO INLET DIMENSIONS
FIGURE 6-16 ENCLOSURE INLET NOT SYMMETRICAL WITH FAN INLET, PREROTATIONAL VORTEX INDUCED
FIGURE 6-17 FLOW CONDITION OF FIGURE 6-16 IMPROVED WITH A SPLITTER SHEET
181 FIGURE 6-18 CENTRIFUGAL FAN INLET BOX
182 6.5 CALCULATING SYSTEM EFFECT
Table 6-3 System Effect Curves for Inlet Obstructions
FIGURE 6-19 FREE INLET AREA PLANE – FAN WITH INLET COLLAR
FIGURE 6-20 FREE INLET AREA PLANE – FAN WITHOUT INLET COLLAR
183 Table 6-4
FIGURE 6-21 TYPICAL NORMALIZED INLET VALVE CONTROL PRESSURE – VOLUME CURVE
184 FIGURE 6-22 COMMON TERMINOLOGY FOR CENTRIFUGAL FAN APPURTRENANCES
187 CHAPTER 7 DUCT SIZING PROCEDURES
7.1 SCOPE
7.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVES
7.3 DUCT SYSTEM SIZING PROCEDURES
188 7.4 FITTING PRESSURE LOSS TABLES
190 7.5 SUPPLY AIR DUCT SYSTEM-SIZING EXAMPLE 1 (I-P)
191 FIGURE 7-1 DUCT SYSTEMS FOR DUCT SIZING EXAMPLES 1 AND 2
192 Table 7-1 Duct Sizing, Supply Air System – Example 1
193 Table 7-1 (a) Duct Sizing, Supply Air System – Example 1 (Continued)
201 Table 7-2 Duct Sizing, Exhaust Air System ” Example 2 (I”P)
202 Table 7-3 Duct Sizing, Exhaust Air System ” Example 3 (I”P)
203 Table 7-3(a) Duct Sizing, Exhaust Air System ” Example 3 (I”P) (Continued)
204 7.6 RETURN AIR (EXHAUST AIR) DUCT SYSTEM-SIZING EXAMPLE 2
207 7.7 SUPPLY AIR DUCT SYSTEM SIZING EXAMPLE 3 (I-P)
209 FIGURE 7-2 SUPPLY AIR DUCT SYSTEM FOR SIZING EXAMPLE 3
212 7.8 EXTENDED PLENUM DUCT SIZING
213 FIGURE 7-3 SYSTEM “A” ” SIZED BY EQUAL FRICTION METHOD
214 Table 7-4 Semi-Extended Plenum Comparison
Table 7-5 Semi-Extended Plenum Installation Cost Comparison
FIGURE 7-4 SYSTEM “B” ” MODIFIED BY SEMI-EXTENDED PLENUM CONCEPT
215 FIGURE 7-5 DUCT SIZING WORK SHEET (I-P)
216 Table 7-6 Duct Sizing, Supply Air System ” Example 1
217 Table 7″6(a) Duct Sizing, Supply Air System ” Example 1 (Continued)
218 7.9 DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS (SI)
7.10 SUPPLY AIR DUCT SYSTEM ” SIZING EXAMPLE. 1 (SI)
219 FIGURE 7-6M DUCT SYSTEMS FOR DUCT SIZING EXAMPLES 1 AND 2 (SI)
226 7.11 RETURN AIR (EXHAUST AIR) DUCT SYSTEM-SIZING EXAMPLE 2 (SI)
230 Table 7-7 Duct Sizing, Exhaust Air System ” Example 2 (SI)
231 Table 7-8 Duct Sizing, Supply Air System ” Example 3
232 Table 7″8(a) Duct Sizing, Supply Air System ” Example 3 (Continued)
233 7.12 SUPPLY AIR DUCT SYSTEM SIZING EXAMPLE 3 (SI)
FIGURE 7-7M SUPPLY AIR DUCT SYSTEM FOR SIZING EXAMPLE 3
238 7.13 EXTENDED PLENUM DUCT SIZING
239 Table 7-9 Semi-Extended Plenum Comparison
Table 7-10 Semi-Extended Plenum Installation Cost Comparison
FIGURE 7-8M SYSTEMS “A” SIZED BY EQUAL FRICTION METHOD
240 FIGURE 7-9M “B” MODIFIED BY SEMI-EXTENDED PLENUM CONCEPT
241 FIGURE 7-10 DUCT SIZING WORK SHEET (I-P)
242 FIGURE 7-10M DUCT SIZING WORK SHEET (SI)
245 CHAPTER 8 PRESSURE LOSS OF SYSTEMS COMPONENTS
8.1 SCOPE
8.2 USE OF TABLES AND CHARTS
Table 8-1 Filter Pressure Loss Data
247 FIGURE 8-1 SYSTEM PRESSURE LOSS CHECK LIST
248 Table 8-2 Louver Free Area Chart 2 in. Blades at 45 Degree Angle
249 Table 8-3 Louver Free Area Chart 4 in. Blades at 45 Degree Angle
250 Table 8-4 Louver Free Area Chart 6 in. Blades at 45 Degree Angle
252 8.3 DAMPER CHARTS
FIGURE 8-2 VOLUME DAMPERS (*BASED UPON AMCA CERTIFIED VOLUME DAMPERS)
FIGURE 8-3 BACKDRAFT OR RELIEF DAMPERS
FIGURE 8-4 2-HOUR FIRE & SMOKE DAMPERS (BASED ON AMCA CERTIFIED FIRE DAMPERS)
253 8.4 DUCT SYSTEM APPARATUS CHARTS
FIGURE 8-5 HEATING COILS WITH 1 ROW
FIGURE 8-6 HEATING COILS WITH 2 ROWS
FIGURE 8-7 HEATING COILS WITH 3 ROWS
FIGURE 8-8 HEATING COILS WITH 4 ROWS
254 FIGURE 8-9 COOLING COILS (WET) 4 ROW
FIGURE 8-10 COOLING COILS (WET) 6 ROW
FIGURE 8-11 COOLING COILS (WET) 8 ROW
FIGURE 8-12 AIR MONITOR DEVICE
255 FIGURE 8-13 LOUVERS WITH 45 BLADE ANGLE (*BASED ON AMCA CERTIFIED LOUVERS)
FIGURE 8-14 3 RECTANGULAR SOUND TRAPS ” 3 FOOT (1M)
FIGURE 8-15 RECTANGULAR SOUND TRAPS ” 5 FOOT (1.5M)
FIGURE 8-16 RECTANGULAR SOUND TRAPS ” 7 FOOT (2M)
256 FIGURE 8-17 RECTANGULAR SOUND TRAPS ” 10 FOOT (3M)
FIGURE 8-18 ROUND SOUND TRAPS
FIGURE 8-19 ELIMINATORS THREE BEND
FIGURE 8-20 AIR WASHER
257 FIGURE 8-21 SCREENS
FIGURE 8-22 AIR-TO-AIR PLATE EXCHANGERS (MODULAR)
FIGURE 8-23 AIR-TO-AIR SINGLE TUBE EXCHANGERS
FIGURE 8-24 ROTARY WHEEL EXCHANGER
258 FIGURE 8-25 MULTIPLE TOWER ENERGY EXCHANGERS
FIGURE 8-26 DRY AIR EVAPORATIVE COOLER
259 8.5 ROOM AIR TERMINAL DEVICES
Table 8-5 Air Outlets & Diffusers ” Total Pressure Loss Average
Table 8-6 Supply Registers ” Total Pressure Loss Average
Table 8-7 Return Registers ” Total Pressure Loss Average
260 Table 8-8 Typical Design Velocities
261 8.6 LOUVER DESIGN DATA
FIGURE 8-27 RECOMMENDED CRITERIA FOR LOUVER SIZING
265 CHAPTER 9 PROVISIONS FOR TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING
9.1 SCOPE
9.2 TAB DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
266 FIGURE 9-1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR DIFFUSER LAYOUTS AND BALANCING DAMPER LOCATIONS
267 FIGURE 9-2 DUCT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SUGGESTED BALANCING DAMPER LOCATIONS
268 FIGURE 9-3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS TO MINIMIZE AIRFLOW TURBULENCE AND STRATIFICATION FROM TERMINAL BOXES
269 9.3 AIR MEASUREMENT DEVICES
9.4 BALANCING WITH ORIFICES
9.5 PROVISIONS FOR TAB IN SYSTEM DESIGN
270 9.6 LABORATORY TESTING
FIGURE 9-4 FAN RATING TEST
271 9.7 FIELD TESTING AND BALANCING
273 FIGURE 9-5 TYPICAL VELOCITY PROFILES ENCOUNTERED IN VELOCITY PRESSURE MEASUREMENT PLANES
274 9.8 TEST INSTRUMENTATION
275 Table 9-1 Airflow Measuring Instruments
279 CHAPTER 10 DESIGNING FOR SOUND AND VIBRATION
10.1 SCOPE
10.2 BUILDING NOISE
FIGURE 10-1 SOURCE, PATH, AND RECEIVER
280 10.3 HVAC NOISE
FIGURE 10-2 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM ADJACENT TO OFFICE AREA
281 FIGURE 10-3 ILLUSTRATION OF WELL- BALANCED HVAC SOUND SPECTRUM FOR OCCUPIED SPACES
282 FIGURE 10-4 FREQUENCY RANGES OF THE MOST LIKELY SOURCES OF ACOUSTICAL COMPLAINTS
FIGURE 10-5 FREQUENCY AT WHICH DIFFERENT TYPES OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT GENERALLY CONTROL SOUND SPECTRA
283 Table 10-1 Sound Sources, Transmission Paths, and Recommended Noise Reduction Methods
284 10.4 COMMON SOUND SOURCES
285 10.5 SOUND DATA STANDARDS
10.6 DUCT NOISE
286 10.7 DUCT SILENCERS
287 FIGURE 10-6 DISSIPATIVE PASSIVE DUCT SILENCERS
FIGURE 10-7 ACTIVE DUCT SILENCER
288 10.8 ACOUSTIC LAGGING
10.9 DUCT SOUND BREAKOUT
FIGURE 10-8 EXTERNAL DUCT LAGGING ON RECTANGULAR DUCTS
289 FIGURE 10-9 BREAKOUT AND BREAK-IN OF SOUND IN DUCTS
293 CHAPTER 11 DUCT SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION
11.1 SCOPE
11.2 DUCT SYSTEM SPECIFICATION CHECK LIST
11.3 DUCT CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
296 Table 11-1 Sheet Metal Properties
297 11.4 ASTM STANDARDS
301 CHAPTER 12 SPECIAL DUCT SYSTEMS
12.1 SCOPE
12.2 KITCHEN AND MOISTURE – LADEN SYSTEMS
12.3 SYSTEMS HANDLING SPECIAL GASES
12.4 INDUSTRIAL DUCT
307 APPENDIX A DUCT DESIGN TABLES AND CHARTS
308 FIGURE A-1 DUCT FRICTION LOSS CHART
309 FIGURE A-1M DUCT FRICTION LOSS CHART
310 Table A-1 Duct Material Roughness Factors
311 FIGURE A-2 DUCT FRICTION LOSS CORRECTION FACTORS
312 Table A-2 Circulation Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts for Equal Friction and Capacity Dimensions (I-P)
313 Table A-2 Circulation Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts for Equal Friction and Capacity Dimensions (I-P) (continued)
314 Table A-2M Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts for Equal Friction and Capacity Dimensions (SI)
316 Table A-3 Spiral Flat-Oval Duct (Nominal Sizes)
317 Table A-3M Spiral Flat-Oval Duct (Nominal Sizes)
318 Table A-4 Velocities/Velocity Pressures
FIGURE A-3 CORRECTION FACTOR FOR UNEXTENDED FLEXIBLE DUCT
319 Table A-4M Velocities/Velocity Pressures
Table A-5 Angular Conversion
320 Table A-6 Loss Coefficients for Straight-Through Flow
FIGURE A-4 AIR DENSITY FRICTION CHART CORRECTION FACTORS
321 FITTING LOSS COEFFICIENT TABLES
Table A-7 Loss Coefficients, Elbows
322 Table A-7 Loss Coefficients, Elbows (continued)
323 Table A-7 Loss Coefficients, Elbows (continued)
324 Table A-7 Loss Coefficients, Elbows (continued)
325 Table A-7 Loss Coefficients, Elbows (continued)
326 Table A-8 Loss Coefficients, Transitions (Diverging Flow)
327 Table A-8 Loss Coefficients, Transitions (Diverging Flow) (continued)
328 Table A-8 Loss Coefficients, Transitions (Diverging Flow) (continued)
329 Table A-9 Loss Coefficients, Transitions (Converging Flow)
330 Table A-9 Loss Coefficients, Transitions (Converging Flow) (continued)
Table A-10 Loss Coefficients, Converging Junctions (Tees, Wyes)
331 Table A-10 Loss Coefficients, Converging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (continued)
332 Table A-10 Loss Coefficients, Converging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (continued)
333 Table A-10 Loss Coefficients, Converging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (continued)
334 Table A-10 Loss Coefficients, Converging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (continued)
335 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Tees, Wyes)
336 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (Continued)
337 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (Continued)
338 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (Continued)
339 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (Continued)
340 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (Continued)
341 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (Continued)
342 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Tees, Wyes) (Continued)
343 Table A-11 Loss Coefficients, Diverging Junctions (Continued)
Table A-12 Loss Coefficients, Entries
344 Table A-12 Loss Coefficients, Entries (Continued)
345 Table A-12 Loss Coefficients, Entries (Continued)
346 Table A-12 Loss Coefficients, Entries (Continued)
Table A-13 Loss Coefficients, Exits
347 Table A-13 Loss Coefficients, Exits (Continued)
348 Table A-13 Loss Coefficients, Exits (Continued)
349 Table A-13 Loss Coefficients, Exits (Continued)
350 Table A-14 Loss Coefficients, Screens and Plates
351 Table A-15 Loss Coefficients, Obstructions (Constant Velocities)
352 Table A-15 Loss Coefficients, Obstructions (Continued)
353 Table A-15 Loss Coefficients, Obstructions (Continued)
354 Table A-15 Loss Coefficients, Obstructions (Continued)
355 FIGURE A-5 DUCT HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS
356 FIGURE A-5M DUCT HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS
357 HVAC EQUATIONS (I-P)
359 Table A-16 Converting Pressure In Inches of Mercury to Feet of Water at Various Water Temperatures
360 Table A-17 Air Density Correction Factors
361 Table A-17M Air Density Correction Factors
362 HVAC EQUATIONS (SI)
365 SI UNITS AND EQUIVALENTS
Table A-18 SI Units (Basic and Derived)
366 Table A-19 SI Equivalents
367 Table A-20 Recommended NC-RC Levels For Different Indoor Activity Areas
368 Table A-21 Listening Conditions And Telephone Use As A Function Of NC-RC Levels
Table A-22 Sound Sources, Transmission Paths, And Recommended Noise Reduction Methods
369 Table A-23 Specific Sound Power Levels, Kw, For Fan Total Sound Power
Table A-24 Blade Frequency Increments (BFI)
Table A-25 Correction Factor, C, For Off-Peak Operation
370 Table A-26 TLout vs. Frequency For Various Rectangular Ducts
Table A-27 TLin vs. Frequency For Various Rectangular Ducts
Table A-28 Experimentally Measured TLout vs. Frequency For Round Ducts
371 Table A-29 Calculated TLout vs. Frequency For Round Ducts
Table A-30 Experimentally Determined TLin vs. Frequency For Round Ducts
Table A-31 Calculated TLin vs. Frequency For Round Ducts
372 Table A-32 TLout vs. Frequency For Various Flat-Oval Ducts
Table A-33 TLin vs. Frequency For Various Flat-Oval Ducts
Table A-34 Absorption Coefficients For Selected Plenum Materials
Table A-35 Sound Attenuation In Unlined Rectangular Sheet Metal Ducts
373 Table A-36 Insertion Loss For Rectangular Ducts With 1 in. Of Fiberglass Lining
374 Table A-37 Insertion Loss For Rectangular Ducts With 2 in. Of Fiberglass Lining
375 Table A-38 Sound Attenuation In Straight Round Ducts
Table A-39 Insertion Loss For Acoustically Lined Round Ducts – 1 in. Lining
376 Table A-40 Insertion Loss For Acoustically Lined Round Ducts—2 in. Lining
377 Table A-41 Insertion Loss For Acoustically Lined Round Ducts—3 in. Lining
Table A-42 Insertion Loss Of Unlined And Lined Square Elbows Without Turning Vanes
378 Table A-43 Insertion Loss Of Round Elbows
Table A-44 Insertion Loss Of Unlined And Lined Square Elbows With Turning Vanes
Table A-45 7 ft, Rectangular, Standard Pressure Drop Duct Silencers
379 Table A-46 7 ft, Rectangular, Low Pressure Drop Duct Silencers
Table A-47 Round, High Pressure Drop Duct Silencers
380 Table A-48 Round, Low Pressure Drop Duct Silencers
Table A-49 Coefficients For Determining Static Pressure Drop Across Duct Silencers
Table A-50 Coefficient For System Component Effect On Duct Silencers
381 Table A-51 Transmission Loss Values For Ceiling Materials
Table A-52 Correction Coefficient “ ” For Different Types Of Ceilings
Table A-53 Average Sound Absorption Coefficients, , For Typical Receiving Rooms
382 Table A-54 Air Absorption Coefficients
Table A-55 Decibel Equivalents Of Numbers (N)
383 Table A-56 Five Place Logarithms
384 Table A-57 Natural Trigonometric Functions
387 INDEX
SMACNA HVACSystemsDuctDesign 2006 04E
$115.38