In the analysis and measurement of residual stresses of materials, it has been noted that there are frequently differences in interpretation of the terms "macrostrain" and "microstrain." To assist communication among research personnel in this area, definitions for these two terms are suggested by the Fatigue Design and Evaluation Committee of SAE. Since "macrostress" is commonly computed from "macrostrain" in residual stress analysis, to be consistent, the definitions given are for "macrostrain" and "microstrain."

The scope of this SAE Information Report is to provide general information relative to the nature and use of infrared techniques for nondestructive testing. The document is not intended to provide detailed technical information, but will serve as an introduction to the theory and capabilities of infrared testing and as a guide to more extensive references.

This document should be used as guidance for non-handbook based reliability predictions conducted on automotive electronics products. It presents a method that utilizes warranty and field repair data to calculate the failure rates of individual electronic components and predict the reliability of the entire electronic system. It assumes that the user has access to a database containing field return data with classification of components, times to failure, and a total number of components operating in the field.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a set of test methods and practices for the characterization of lithium ion battery cathode active material.

It is beyond the scope of this document to establish criteria for the test results, as these are usually established between the vendor and customer. It should be noted that materials properties can vary substantially between classes of materials (e.g., LNO and LFP) and caution should be exercised when attempting to directly compare their chemical and physical properties. While these distinctions are important for the manufacturer, this document focuses on the techniques to measure the materials properties and not their absolute or relative values. Future materials such as solid-state batteries and sulfides are beyond the scope of this document.

It is beyond the scope of this document to examine the rheological properties of the cathode material dispersed in a coating slurry since such properties are influenced by the conductive additive, binder, and solvent, which are determined by the coating process.

It is beyond the scope of this document to examine the electrochemical properties of cathode materials since these are influenced by electrode and ultimately cell design. Due to the difference in electrical and electrochemical properties of the cathode material, it is unrealistic to establish an electrode and cell design that would justly compare different cathode active materials.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides guidelines for procedures and practices used to obtain and record measurements and to analyze the results of the critical speed method. It is for use at accident sites using manual or electronic measurements. The method allows for many unique factors and the recommended procedure will permit a consistent use of the method in order to reduce errors and uncertainty in the results. The results from the critical speed formula should always, when possible, be compared to other accident reconstruction methodologies. When different accident reconstruction methods are used, the uncertainty of each method should be analyzed and presented.

Provide previous stop light activation research into single document for future reference.

Relevant documents and interpretations noted in Table 1.

This standard specifies the system requirements for an on-board vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) safety communications system for light vehicles¹, including standards profiles, functional requirements, and performance requirements. The system is capable of transmitting and receiving the SAE J2735-defined basic safety message (BSM) [1] over a dedicated short range communications (DSRC) wireless communications link as defined in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1609 suite and IEEE 802.11 standards [2] to [6].

This recommended practice describes a process for testing the comprehension of static (i.e., fixed or non-dynamic) symbols for all ground vehicles, for both OEM and aftermarket products. With advancing display technology, it is now possible to display dynamic symbols (e.g., a spinning beach ball to show that a process is ongoing, or a diagram showing energy distribution in hybrid vehicles). Such graphics are outside of the scope of this recommended practice, though extensions of this process may be useful for testing them. However, several symbols which occupy the same space on a display may change state without movement (e.g. play/pause button); these are within the scope of this recommended practice.

The process described in this recommended practice includes criteria that are used to identify how well the perceived meaning matches the intended meaning for a representative sample of drivers. The data from this process are analyzed to determine the drivers’ comprehension of the symbol. These data provide guidance as to the symbols that can be improved and used. Although the process described in this recommended practice emphasizes a paper-and-pencil approach to administer the test, a computer could be used instead.

NOTE: This process was initially developed specifically for testing active safety symbols (e.g., collision avoidance functions), or other symbols that reflect some in-vehicle message (e.g., navigation, vehicle status, or infotainment functions). For that reason, many of the examples provided concern those systems.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for measuring the forces and moments generated at a spindle when a tire rolls over a rectangular obstacle, cleat, at very low speed. The cleat used in a particular test condition is configured with its crest either perpendicular, 90 degrees, to the path of the tire or optionally with its crest inclined at an angle to the path of the tire. The carriage to which the spindle is attached is rigidly constrained in position during each test condition so as to provide a good approximation to fixed loaded radius operation. The method discussed in this document provides cleat envelopment force and moment and tire angular position histories as functions of distance traveled. These histories are essentially free from variations due to tire non-uniformities. The method applies to any size tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development.

NOTE: Herein, road load models are models for predicting forces applied to the vehicle spindles during operation over irregular surfaces, paved or otherwise. Within the context of this document, forces applied to the road or terrain surface are not considered.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for measuring the forces and moments generated at a high frequency response spindle when a rolling tire impacts a cleat. The cleat is configured either with its crest perpendicular, 90 degrees, to the path of the tire or optionally with its crest inclined at an angle to the path of the tire. The carriage to which the spindle is attached is rigidly constrained in position during each test condition to provide a good approximation to fixed loaded radius operation. The method discussed in this document provides impact force and moment time histories essentially free from variations due to tire non-uniformities. The method applies to any size tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development.