{"id":160617,"date":"2024-10-19T09:38:56","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T09:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/aci-221-1r-98\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T01:57:35","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T01:57:35","slug":"aci-221-1r-98","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/aci\/aci-221-1r-98\/","title":{"rendered":"ACI 221.1R 98"},"content":{"rendered":"

Information that is currently available on alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR), including alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) and alkali-carbonate reactivity (ACR) is summarized in the report. Chapters are included that provide an overview of the nature of ASR and ACR reactions, means to avoid the deleterious effects of each reaction, methods of testing for potential expansion of aggregates and cement-aggregate combinations, measures to prevent deleterious reactions, and recommendations for evaluation and repair of existing structures. Keywords: aggregates; alkali-aggregate reactivity; alkali-carbonate reactivity; alkali-silica reactivity; concrete; concrete distress; concrete durability.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nCONTENTS\t <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nCHAPTER 1\u2014 INTRODUCTION
1.1\u2014Historical perspective
1.1.1 Alkali-silica reactivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n1.1.2 Alkali-carbonate reactivity
1.2\u2014Scope of report
CHAPTER 2\u2014 MANIFESTATIONS OF DISTRESS DUE TO ALKALI- SILICA REACTIVITY
2.1\u2014 Introduction
2.2\u2014Cracking mechanisms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n2.3\u2014Expansion and other indicators of alkali- silica reactivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n2.4\u2014Alkali-silica reactivity reaction factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n2.5\u2014Microscopic evidence of alkali-silica reactivity
CHAPTER 3\u2014 ALKALI-SILICA REACTIVITY MECHANISMS
3.1\u2014 Factors influencing the reaction
3.1.1 Cement alkali levels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n3.1.2 Moisture
3.1.3 Reactive silica
3.1.4 Temperature
3.2\u2014Basic mechanisms of reaction and expansion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nCHAPTER 4\u2014 PETROGRAPHY OF ALKALI-SILICA REACTIVE AGGREGATE
4.1\u2014Introduction
4.2\u2014Potentially reactive natural silica constituents
4.2.1 Opal
4.2.2 Chalcedony
4.2.3 Quartz
4.2.4 Cristobalite <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n4.2.5 Tridymite
4.2.6 Volcanic glasses
4.2.7 Chert
4.2.8 Volcanic rocks
4.2.9 Argillites, meta-graywackes, phyllites, and slates
4.3\u2014Potentially reactive synthetic materials
4.3.1 Silica brick
4.3.2 Synthetic glasses
4.3.3 Coatings
CHAPTER 5\u2014 MEASURES TO PREVENT ALKALI- SILICA REACTIVITY
5.1\u2014 Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n5.2\u2014Limiting moisture
5.3\u2014Aggregate selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n5.4\u2014Minimizing alkalies
5.5\u2014Cement selection
5.6\u2014Finely divided materials other than portland cement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n5.6.1 Fly ash
5.6.2 Ground granulated iron blast-furnace slag
5.6.3 Natural pozzolans <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n5.6.4 Silica fume
5.6.5 Blended hydraulic cements
5.7\u2014Testing for effectiveness of pozzolans or slags
5.8\u2014Alkali content of concrete
5.9\u2014Chemical admixtures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n5.10\u2014Other methods
CHAPTER 6\u2014 METHODS TO EVALUATE POTENTIAL FOR EXPANSIVE ALKALI- SILICA REACTIVITY
6.1\u2014 Introduction
6.2\u2014Field service record
6.3\u2014Common tests to evaluate potential alkali- silica reactivity of aggregates
6.3.1 Petrographic examination of aggregate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n6.3.2 Mortar-bar expansion test
6.3.3 Accelerated mortar-bar expansion test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n6.3.4 Quick chemical method
6.3.5 Concrete prism test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n6.4\u2014Less common tests to evaluate potential alkali- silica reactivity of aggregates
6.4.1 Potential volume change of cement-aggregatecombinations
6.4.2 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers modified mortar bartest
6.4.3 Concrete cube test
6.4.4 Nordtest accelerated alkali-silica reactivity test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n6.4.5 Gel pat test
6.4.6 Autoclave mortar bar test
6.5\u2014Tests to evaluate alkali-silica reactivity in hardened concrete
6.5.1 Uranyl acetate gel fluorescence test
6.5.2 Methods of evaluation of the state of alkali-silicareactivity in hardened concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n6.6\u2014Summary of testing
CHAPTER 7\u2014 MANIFESTATIONS OF DISTRESS DUE TO ALKALI- CARBONATE REACTIVITY
7.1\u2014 Overview
7.2\u2014Field indicators
7.3\u2014Microscopic indicators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n7.4\u2014Role of environment, structure geometry, and restraint on distress development
CHAPTER 8\u2014 ALKALI-CARBONATE REACTIVITY MECHANISMS
8.1\u2014 Overview
8.2\u2014Characteristics of alkali-carbonate reactive rocks
8.2.1 Texture and composition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n8.3\u2014Mechanism of reaction and expansion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nCHAPTER 9\u2014 MEASURES TO PREVENT ALKALI-CARBONATE REACTIVITY
9.1\u2014 Introduction
9.2\u2014Aggregate selection
9.3\u2014Cement
9.4\u2014Pozzolans
9.5\u2014Moisture
CHAPTER 10\u2014 METHODS TO EVALUATE POTENTIAL FOR EXPANSIVE ALKALI- CARBONATE REACTIVITY
10.1\u2014 Introduction
10.2\u2014Field service record <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n10.2.1 Factors to consider
10.2.1.1 Aggregate particle size
10.2.1.2 Aggregate proportion
10.2.1.3 Alkali content
10.2.1.4 Moisture content
10.3\u2014Petrographic examination
10.4\u2014Rock cylinder test
10.5\u2014Concrete prism tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n10.6\u2014Other procedures
10.7\u2014Evaluation of new aggregate sources
CHAPTER 11\u2014 EVALUATION AND REPAIR OF STRUCTURES AFFECTED BY ALKALI- AGGREGATE REACTIVITY
11.1\u2014Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n11.2\u2014Evaluation
11.3\u2014Repair methods and materials
11.3.1 Structural distress
11.3.2 Non-structural distress <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\nCHAPTER 12\u2014 REFERENCES
12.1\u2014 Referenced standards and reports
12.2\u2014Cited references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

221.1R-98: Report on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity (Reapproved 2008)<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n1998<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":160618,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2650],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-160617","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-aci","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/160617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/160618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=160617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=160617"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=160617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}