{"id":194586,"date":"2024-10-19T12:20:52","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T12:20:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-56-2016\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T04:51:52","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T04:51:52","slug":"ieee-56-2016","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-56-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE 56 2016"},"content":{"rendered":"

New IEEE Standard – Active. This insulation maintenance guide is applicable to rotating electric machines rated from 35 kVA and higher. The procedures detailed herein may also be useful for insulation maintenance of otherre types of machines.<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nIEEE Std 56-2016 Front Cover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nTitle page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nImportant Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nParticipants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nIntroduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nContents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nImportant Notice
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
2. Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n3. Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n4. Safety
4.1 General
4.2 Machine rotation
4.3 Solvents
4.4 Asbestos, lead, and other hazardous materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n5. Significance of maintenance
6. Insulation systems in general use
6.1 Insulating materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n6.2 Armature winding insulation
6.2.1 Strand insulation
6.2.2 Turn insulation
6.2.3 Groundwall insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n6.2.4 Semiconducting slot coating
6.2.5 Stress control coating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n6.2.6 Stator slot tightening systems
6.2.7 Support insulation
6.2.8 Circuit ring (also known as parallel ring) insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n6.2.9 Commutator insulation
6.3 Wound rotor windings (three-phase induction machines)
6.3.1 Partially closed slots\u2014strap or bar windings (generally used on high-speed machines)
6.3.2 Open or semi-enclosed slots
6.3.3 Strand (wire) insulation
6.3.4 Groundwall insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n6.3.5 Winding support wedges
6.3.6 Collector rings
6.4 Field winding insulation
6.4.1 Field windings
6.4.2 Turn (conductor) insulation
6.4.3 Ground insulation
6.4.4 Collector insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\n6.4.5 Brush rigging insulation
6.5 Core and frame-assembly insulation
6.5.1 Stator core interlaminar insulation (core plate insulation)
6.5.2 Insulation punchings
6.5.3 Core tightening through bolt insulation
6.5.4 Other insulating parts
7. Service conditions affecting insulation life <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n7.1 Aging mechanisms
7.2 AC Stationary armature winding aging mechanisms
7.2.1 Thermal deterioration
7.2.2 Thermal cycling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\n7.2.3 Internal water leaks
7.2.4 Poor impregnation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n7.2.5 Loose coils or bars in the slot
7.2.6 Semiconducting coating degradation
7.2.7 Electrical\/mechanical (contact) erosion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n7.2.8 Semiconducting\/stress control coating interface failure
7.2.9 Electrical stresses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n7.2.10 Electrical tracking due to contamination
7.2.11 Voltage surges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n7.2.12 Environmental factors
7.2.12.1 Chemical attack <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n7.2.12.2 Abrasive particles
7.2.12.3 Ionizing radiation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n7.2.12.4 Magnetic material (termites)
7.2.13 End-winding vibration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n7.3 Cylindrical (round rotor) field winding aging mechanisms
7.3.1 Thermal aging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n7.3.2 Thermal cycling
7.3.3 Abrasion due to imbalance or turning gear operation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n7.3.4 Electrical tracking from contamination
7.3.5 Repetitive voltage surges
7.3.6 Rotational force <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n7.4 Salient pole rotating field winding aging mechanisms
7.4.1 Thermal aging
7.4.2 Thermal cycling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n7.4.3 Pollution (tracking and moisture absorption)
7.4.4 Abrasive particles
7.4.5 Rotational force
7.4.6 Repetitive voltage surges <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n7.5 Wound rotor winding aging mechanisms
7.5.1 Thermal aging
7.5.2 Transient overvoltages
7.5.3 Unbalanced stator voltages
7.5.4 High resistance connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n7.5.5 End-winding banding failures
7.5.6 Slip ring insulation shorting and grounding
7.5.7 Pollution (tracking and moisture absorption)
7.6 DC motor and generator field winding aging mechanisms
7.6.1 Thermal aging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n7.6.2 Thermal cycling
7.6.3 Abrasive particles
7.6.4 Pollution (tracking and moisture adsorption) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n7.7 DC motor and generator armature winding aging mechanisms
7.7.1 Thermal aging
7.7.2 High resistance connections
7.7.3 End-winding banding failures
7.7.4 Pollution (tracking and moisture adsorption)
7.8 DC motor and generator commutator aging mechanisms
7.8.1 Glass band contamination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n7.8.2 Electrical tracking
7.8.3 Commutator wear
7.8.4 Commutator eccentricity
7.8.5 Commutator brush wear
7.9 Stator core insulation aging mechanisms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n7.9.1 Thermal aging
7.9.2 Electrical aging
7.9.2.1 Stator core end overheating due to under excitation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n7.9.2.2 Overheating of back-of-stator core due to over excitation
7.9.2.3 Stator winding ground faults in core slots
7.9.2.4 Stator core faults from through-bolt insulation damage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n7.9.3 Mechanical aging
7.9.3.1 Core looseness
7.9.3.2 Stator core relaxation, fretting, and failure\u2014turbine generators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n7.9.3.3 Stator core vibration\u2014turbine generators
7.9.3.4 Stator core fretting, relaxation, and failure\u2014hydrogenerators
7.9.3.5 Back-of-stator core overheating and burning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n7.9.3.6 Stator-to-rotor rubs
7.9.3.7 Loose metal components entering the air gap
8. Visual inspection methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n8.1 Visual inspection safety
8.2 Armature winding
8.2.1 Thermal aging
8.2.2 Cracking
8.2.3 Girth cracking
8.2.4 Contamination
8.2.5 Carbon deposits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n8.2.6 Abrasion
8.2.7 Loose slot wedges or slot fillers
8.2.8 Erosion
8.2.9 Corrosion\/chemical attack
8.2.10 Erosion by partial discharge
8.2.11 Rotational forces
8.2.12 Commutator condition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n8.3 Field windings
8.3.1 Coil distortion
8.3.2 Loose collars or coils
8.3.3 Rotor coil tightness <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n8.3.4 Brush rigging
8.3.5 Collector
8.4 Core and frame assembly
8.4.1 Stator (armature) core <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n8.4.2 Core insulated through bolts
8.4.3 Bearing, hydrogen seal, and other insulation
9. Insulation maintenance testing
9.1 Principles of maintenance testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n9.2 Tests conducted on the field winding
9.2.1 Insulation resistance
9.2.2 Dielectric absorption
9.2.3 Winding resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n9.2.4 Field winding voltage drop tests
9.2.5 Impedance test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n9.2.6 Flux distribution tests
9.2.7 Recurrent surge oscillography (RSO) test
9.3 Tests conducted on the armature (stator)
9.3.1 Insulation resistance test at low voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n9.3.2 Dielectric absorption test
9.3.3 Over voltage tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n9.3.4 Controlled overvoltage test (dc)
9.3.5 Alternative method of controlled overvoltage test
9.3.6 Other overvoltage methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n9.3.7 Insulation power-factor test or dissipation factor test
9.3.8 Slot discharge and corona probe tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n9.3.9 Partial-discharge tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n9.3.9.1 Test instrumentation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\n9.3.9.2 Noise reduction
9.3.9.3 Test procedure for individual phases with other two grounded
9.3.9.4 Test procedure of individual phases with all energized
9.3.9.5 Test interpretation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\n9.3.10 Turn-to-turn insulation test
9.3.11 Coil-to-core contact resistance
9.3.12 Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\n9.3.13 Insulation resistance test of embedded temperature detectors
9.3.14 Insulation resistance test of insulated stator through bolts
9.3.15 Winding resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n9.3.16 Stator core (interlaminar insulation) high flux test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n9.3.16.1 Safety considerations for high flux core insulation test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n9.3.16.2 General considerations for high flux core insulation test
9.3.17 Stator core low energy test
9.3.18 Stator core testing with alternate frequency
10. Cleaning
10.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n10.2 Cleaning techniques
10.2.1 Vacuum cleaning
10.2.2 Air lance cleaning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n10.2.3 Solvent cleaning
10.2.4 Abrasive blasting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n10.2.5 CO2 blasting
10.2.6 Steam cleaning
10.2.7 Cleaning by water immersion or water hose
10.2.8 Drying and treatment considerations after cleaning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Thermosetting resins used in insulation systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Stator core interlaminar insulation (high flux) test procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Stator core low energy (EL CID) test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) Machine condition visual inspection appraisal–Checklist <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nBack Cover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Guide for Insulation Maintenance of Electric Machines<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2016<\/td>\n87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":194592,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-194586","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/194586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/194592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=194586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=194586"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=194586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}