This part of ISO\/IEC 30140 provides a general overview of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASN). It describes their main characteristics in terms of the effects of propagation variability and analyses the main differences with respect to terrestrial networks. It further identifies the specificities of UWASN and derives some specific and general requirements for these networks.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 4 Abbreviated terms 5 UWASN overview and applications 5.1 Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Overview of a UWASN <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 5.2 Application domain of UWASN Tables Table 1 \u2013 UWASN market segments and their current and future applications list <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 6 Characteristics of UWASN in terms of the effects of propagation variability 6.1 Underwater acoustic communication 6.2 Acoustic signal strength attenuation 6.3 High propagation delay <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 6.4 Multipath 6.5 Propagation loss <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 6.6 Noise 7 Differences between UWASN and terrestrial sensor network 7.1 Types of underwater communication technologies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Table 2 \u2013 Summary of the features of acoustic, radio,and optical waves in seawater environments Table 3 \u2013 Differences between underwater communication technologies [10][12] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 7.2 Housing case 7.3 Costs associated with sensor nodes 7.4 Omni-directional and directional transducers for data transmission and reception <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 7.5 Underwater object and event localization and 3D relay node Figure 2 \u2013 Omni-directional and directional transducersfor data transmission and reception <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 7.6 Energy harvesting technology for UWASN 8 Specificities of UWASN and related requirements 8.1 Three structural scales of UWASN network Figure 3 \u2013 Underwater cluster network <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2013 Underwater ad-hoc network Figure 5 \u2013 UWA-UN communication network <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | Figure 6 \u2013 UWA-UN communication network using fixed gateway <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 8.2 Deployments of 2D and 3D topology 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 Two-dimensional UWASN architecture Figure 7 \u2013 UWA-EUN communication network <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 8.2.3 Three-dimensional UWASN architecture Figure 8 \u2013 Two-dimensional UWASN architecture <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Figure 9 \u2013 Three-dimensional UWASN architecture <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 8.3 Cross layering Table 4 \u2013 Comparison between 2D and 3D UWASNs. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 8.4 Underwater acoustic modem 8.5 Doppler spread Figure 10 \u2013 UWA-cross layer protocol stack <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 8.6 Deployment considering water depths 8.7 Underwater wired and wireless communication <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 8.8 Time synchronization Figure 11 \u2013 Underwater wired and wireless communication <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 8.9 Data transmission period for energy saving Figure 12 \u2013 Time synchronization for data transmission <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 8.10 Routing Figure 13 \u2013 Using active and sleep modes for energy saving <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Figure 14 \u2013 UWASN routing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 8.11 Network coding 8.12 Data compression 8.13 Delay and disruption tolerant network (DTN) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 9 UWASN further general requirements 9.1 General 9.2 General requirements for UWASN \u2013 Cross layering 9.3 General requirements for the UWASN \u2013 Communication technology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 9.4 General requirements for the UWASN \u2013 Other system requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Selected applications of UWASN A.1 Environmental monitoring \u2013 Chemical and biological changes A.1.1 Description Figure A.1 \u2013 Illustration of the environmental monitoring use case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | A.1.2 Physical entities A.1.3 Normal flow A.1.4 Conditions A.2 Detection of pipeline leakages A.2.1 Description <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | A.2.2 Physical entities A.2.3 Normal flow Figure A.2 \u2013 Oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring use case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | A.2.4 Conditions A.3 Exploration of natural resources A.3.1 Description Figure A.3 \u2013 Flow \u2013 Oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | A.3.2 Physical entities A.3.3 Normal flow Figure A.4 \u2013 Underwater resource exploration use case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | A.3.4 Conditions A.4 Fish farming A.4.1 Description Figure A.5 \u2013 Fish farming and monitoring use case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | A.4.2 Physical entities A.4.3 Normal flow A.4.4 Conditions A.5 Harbour security A.5.1 Description <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | A.5.2 Physical entities A.5.3 Normal flow Figure A.6 \u2013 Harbour security monitoring use case <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | A.5.4 Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Information technology. Underwater acoustic sensor network (UWASN) – Overview and requirements<\/b><\/p>\n |