{"id":399884,"date":"2024-10-20T04:46:03","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T04:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-4-1995-2\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T08:34:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T08:34:00","slug":"ieee-4-1995-2","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-4-1995-2\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE 4-1995"},"content":{"rendered":"

Revision Standard – Superseded. This standard establishes standard methods to measure high-voltage and basic testing techniques, so far as they are generally applicable, to all types of apparatus for alternating voltages, direct voltages, lightning impulse voltags, switching impulse voltages, and impulse currents. This revision implements many new procedures to improve accuracy, provide greater flexibility, and address practical problems associated with high-voltage measurements.<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nTitle page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nForeword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nIntroduction
Participants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Application <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n2. References
3. Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\n4. General requirements
4.1 Arrangement of the test object <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n4.2 Interpretation of discharges in high-voltage tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n5. Tests with direct voltage
5.1 Test voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n5.2 Test procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n6. Tests with alternating voltage
6.1 Test voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n6.2 Test procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n7. Tests with lightning impulse voltage
7.1 Terms used to characterize full lightning impulses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n7.2 Terms used to characterize chopped lightning impulses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n7.3 Special lightning impulses
7.4 Voltage\/time curves
7.5 Tolerances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n7.6 Generation of the test voltage
7.7 Measurement of the test voltage and shape <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n7.8 Test procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\n8. Tests with switching impulse voltage
8.1 Terms used to characterize switching impulses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\n8.2 Tolerances
8.3 Generation of the test voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n9. Tests with impulse current
8.4 Measurements of the test voltage and determination of the impulse shape
8.5 Test procedures
9.1 Terms used to characterize impulse currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n9.2 Tolerances
9.3 Measurement of the test current <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n10. Combined voltage tests
9.4 Measurement of voltage during tests with impulse currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n11. Composite tests
12. Measurement procedures
12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n12.2 Principles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\n12.3 Terms related to measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n12.4 General requirements on measuring systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n12.5 Measuring systems for direct voltage
12.6 Measuring systems for alternating voltages
12.7 Measuring systems for lightning and switching impulse voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n13. Procedures to ensure accuracy in high-voltage measurements
13.1 General
12.8 Measuring systems for impulse currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n13.2 Measurement of direct voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n13.3 Measurement of alternating voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n13.4 Measurement of impulse voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n13.5 Measurement of impulse currents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\n13.6 Evaluation of measurement accuracies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n14. Tests in different ambient conditions
14.1 Dry tests
14.2 Wet tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n15. Artificial contamination tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n15.1 Preparation of test object <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n15.2 General test procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n15.3 Power supply requirements for alternating voltage artificial contamination tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n15.4 Power supply requirements for direct-voltage artificial contamination tests
15.5 The clean fog test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\n15.6 The salt fog test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n16. Atmospheric correction
16.1 Atmospheric conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\n16.2 Atmospheric correction factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\n16.3 Measurement of humidity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n16.4 Conflicting requirements for testing internal and external insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n17. Voltage measurement by means of sphere gaps and rod gaps
17.1 Overview <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\n17.2 Standard sphere gap <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n17.3 Connections of the sphere gap <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\n17.4 The use of the sphere gap <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\n17.5 Sphere-gap disruptive-discharge voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
119<\/td>\n17.6 Use of a rod-rod gap for measuring direct voltage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\n17.7 Rod-rod gap sparkover data for impulse voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\n18. Reference voltage divider
18.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\n18.2 Overall design
18.3 Assembly <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n19. Statistical treatment of test results
18.4 Measuring cable
18.5 High-voltage lead
18.6 Response parameters
19.1 Classification of tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\n19.2 Statistical behavior of disruptive discharge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\n19.3 Analysis of test results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\n19.4 Application of likelihood methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\n20. Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n1995<\/td>\n137<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":399889,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-399884","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/399884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/399889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=399884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=399884"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=399884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}