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ASME BPVC VIII 2 2010

ASME BPVC VIII 2 2010

$377.00

ASME BPVC – VIII – 2 -2010 BPVC Section VIII-Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 2-Alternative Rules

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2010 1010
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
5 CONTENTS
21 FOREWORD
23 STATEMENT OF POLICY
24 PERSONNEL
36 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
41 LIST OF CHANGES IN RECORD NUMBER ORDER
47 PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
48 1.1 General
1.1.1 Introduction
1.1.2 Organization
49 1.2 Scope
1.2.1 Overview
1.2.2 Additional Requirements for Very High Pressure Vessels
50 1.2.3 Geometric Scope of This Division
1.2.4 Classifications Outside the Scope of this Division
51 1.2.5 Combination Units
1.2.6 Field Assembly of Vessels
52 1.2.7 Pressure Relief Devices
1.3 Standards Referenced by This Division
1.4 Units of Measurement
53 1.5 Technical Inquires
54 1.6 Tables
56 ANNEX 1.A SUBMITTAL OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES TO THE BOILER ANDPRESSURE VESSEL STANDARDS COMMITTEE
1.A.1 Introduction
57 1.A.2 Inquiry Format
1.A.3 Code Revisions or Additions
1.A.4 Code Cases
58 1.A.5 Code Interpretations
1.A.6 Submittals
59 ANNEX 1.B DEFINITIONS
1.B.1 Introduction
1.B.2 Definition of Terms
61 ANNEX 1.C GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF US CUSTOMARY AND SI UNITS IN THEASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODES
1.C.1 Use of Units in Equations
1.C.2 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents
62 1.C.3 Soft Conversion Factors
63 1.C.4 Tables
69 PART 2 RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES
71 2.1 General
2.1.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Definitions
2.1.3 Code Reference
2.2 User Responsibilities
2.2.2 User’s Design Specification
74 2.3 Manufacturer’s Responsibilities
2.3.1 Code Compliance
2.3.2 Materials Selection
2.3.3 Manufacturer’s Design Report
75 2.3.4 Manufacturer’s Data Report
2.3.5 Manufacturer’s Construction Records
2.3.6 Quality Control System
76 2.3.7 Certification of Subcontracted Services
2.3.8 Inspection and Examination
2.3.9 Application of Code Stamp
2.4 The Inspector
2.4.1 Identification of Inspector
2.4.2 Inspector Qualification
77 2.4.3 Inspector’s Duties
78 ANNEX 2.A GUIDE FOR CERTIFYING A USER’S DESIGN SPECIFICATION
2.A.1 General
2.A.2 Certification of the User’s Design specification
80 2.A.3 Tables
81 ANNEX 2.B GUIDE FOR CERTIFYING A MANUFACTURER’S DESIGNREPORT
2.B.1 General
2.B.2 Certification of Manufacturer’s Design Report
83 2.B.3 Tables
84 ANNEX 2.C REPORT FORMS AND MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS
2.C.1 Manufacturer’s Data Reports
85 2.C.2 Partial Data Reports
2.C.3 Maintenance of Records
87 ANNEX 2.D GUIDE FOR PREPARING MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORTS
2.D.1 Introduction
88 2.D.2 Tables
97 ANNEX 2.E QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM
2.E.1 General
2.E.2 Outline of Features Included in the Quality Control System
98 2.E.3 Authority and Responsibility
2.E.4 Organization
2.E.5 Drawings, Design Calculations, and Specification Control
2.E.6 Material Control
2.E.7 Examination and Inspection Program
2.E.8 Correction of Nonconformities
2.E.9 Welding
2.E.10 Nondestructive Examination
99 2.E.11 Heat Treatment
2.E.12 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment
2.E.13 Records Retention
2.E.14 Sample Forms
2.E.15 Inspection of Vessels and Vessel Parts
2.E.16 Inspection of Pressure Relief Valves
101 ANNEX 2.F CONTENTS AND METHOD OF STAMPING
2.F.1 Required Marking for Vessels
2.F.2 Methods of Marking Vessels with Two or More Independent Chambers
102 2.F.3 Application of Stamp
2.F.4 Part Marking
2.F.5 Application of Markings
103 2.F.6 Duplicate Nameplate
104 2.F.7 Size and Arrangements of Characters for Nameplate and Direct Stamping of Vessels
2.F.8 Attachment of Nameplate or Tag
105 2.F.9 Figures
106 ANNEX 2.G OBTAINING AND USING CODE STAMPS
2.G.1 Code Stamps Bearing Official Symbol
2.G.2 Application for Authorization
2.G.3 Issuance of Authorization
107 2.G.4 Inspection Agreement
2.G.5 Quality Control System
2.G.6 Evaluation for Authorization and Reauthorization
108 2.G.7 Code Construction Before Receipt of Certificate of Authorization
109 ANNEX 2.H GUIDE TO INFORMATION APPEARING ON THE CERTIFICATEOF AUTHORIZATION
2.H.1 Introduction
110 2.H.2 Tables
111 2.H.3 Figures
113 PART 3 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS
116 3.1 General Requirements
3.2 Materials Permitted For Construction of Vessel Parts
3.2.1 Materials for Pressure Parts
3.2.2 Materials for Attachments to Pressure Parts
117 3.2.3 Welding Materials
3.2.4 Dissimilar Materials
3.2.5 Product Specifications
118 3.2.6 Certification
3.2.7 Product Identification and Traceability
119 3.2.8 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts
120 3.2.9 Definition of Product Form Thickness
121 3.2.10 Product Form Tolerances
3.3 Supplemental Requirements for Ferrous Materials
3.3.1 General
3.3.2 Chemistry Requirements
3.3.3 Ultrasonic Examination of Plates
3.3.4 Ultrasonic Examination of Forgings
122 3.3.5 Magnetic Particle and Liquid Penetrant Examination of Forgings
3.3.6 Integral and Weld Metal Overlay Clad Base Metal
123 3.4 Supplemental Requirements for Cr–Mo Steels
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Postweld Heat Treatment
3.4.3 Test Specimen Heat Treatment
3.4.4 Weld Procedure Qualifications and Weld Consumables Testing
124 3.4.5 Toughness Requirements
3.5 Supplemental Requirements for Q&T Steels with Enhanced Tensile Properties
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Parts for Which Q&T Steels May be Used
125 3.5.3 Structural Attachments
3.6 Supplemental Requirements for Nonferrous Materials
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Ultrasonic Examination of Plates
3.6.3 Ultrasonic Examination of Forgings
126 3.6.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination of Forgings
3.6.5 Clad Plate and Products
3.7 Supplemental Requirements for Bolting
3.7.1 General
3.7.2 Examination of Bolts, Studs, and Nuts
127 3.7.3 Threading and Machining of Studs
3.7.4 Use of Washers
3.7.5 Ferrous Bolting
128 3.7.6 Nonferrous Bolting
3.7.7 Materials for Ferrous and Nonferrous Nuts of Special Design
3.8 Supplemental Requirements for Castings
3.8.1 General
129 3.8.2 Requirements for Ferrous Castings
130 3.8.3 Requirements for Nonferrous Castings
131 3.9 Supplemental Requirements for Hubs Machined From Plate
3.9.1 General
3.9.2 Material Requirements
3.9.3 Examination Requirements
132 3.9.4 Data Reports and Marking
3.10 Material Test Requirements
3.10.1 General
3.10.2 Requirements for Sample Test Coupons
3.10.3 Exemptions from Requirement of Sample Test Coupons
133 3.10.4 Procedure for Obtaining Test Specimens and Coupons
134 3.10.5 Procedure for Heat Treating Test Specimens from Ferrous Materials
135 3.10.6 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for Nonferrous Materials
3.11 Material Toughness Requirements
3.11.1 General
3.11.2 Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Except Bolting
140 3.11.3 Quenched and Tempered Steels
141 3.11.4 High Alloy Steels Except Bolting
145 3.11.5 Non-Ferrous Alloys
3.11.6 Bolting Materials
3.11.7 Toughness Testing Procedures
147 3.11.8 Impact Testing Of Welding Procedures and Test Plates of Ferrous Materials
149 3.12 Allowable Design Stresses
3.13 Strength Parameters
3.14 Physical Properties
3.15 Design Fatigue Curves
3.16 Nomenclature
150 3.17 Definitions
151 3.18 Tables
161 3.19 Figures
183 ANNEX 3.A ALLOWABLE DESIGN STRESSES
3.A.1 Allowable Stress Basis – All Materials Except Bolting
3.A.2 Allowable Stress Basis – Bolting Materials
185 3.A.3 Tables
210 ANNEX 3.B REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIAL PROCUREMENT
211 ANNEX 3.C ISO MATERIAL GROUP NUMBERS
212 ANNEX 3.D STRENGTH PARAMETERS
3.D.1 Yield Strength
3.D.2 Ultimate Tensile Strength
3.D.3 Stress Strain Curve
213 3.D.4 Cyclic Stress Strain Curve
3.D.5 Tangent Modulus
215 3.D.6 Nomenclature
216 3.D.7 Tables
221 ANNEX 3.E PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
3.E.1 Young’s Modulus
3.E.2 Thermal Expansion Coefficient
3.E.3 Thermal Conductivity
3.E.4 Thermal Diffusivity
222 ANNEX 3.F DESIGN FATIGUE CURVES
3.F.1 Smooth Bar Design Fatigue Curves
223 3.F.2 Welded Joint Design Fatigue Curves
224 3.F.3 Nomenclature
225 3.F.4 Tables
237 PART 4 DESIGN BY RULE REQUIREMENTS
242 4.1 General Requirements
4.1.1 Scope
4.1.2 Minimum Thickness Requirements
243 4.1.3 Material Thickness Requirements
4.1.4 Corrosion Allowance in Design Equations
4.1.5 Design Basis
245 4.1.6 Design Allowable Stress
246 4.1.7 Materials in Combination
4.1.8 Combination Units
4.1.9 Cladding and Weld Overlay
247 4.1.10 Internal Linings
4.1.11 Flanges and Pipe Fittings
4.1.12 Nomenclature
249 4.1.13 Tables
250 4.2 Design Rules for Welded Joints
4.2.1 Scope
4.2.2 Weld Category
4.2.3 Weld Joint Type
4.2.4 Weld Joint Efficiency
4.2.5 Types of Joints Permitted
257 4.2.6 Nomenclature
258 4.2.7 Tables
279 4.2.8 Figures
283 4.3 Design Rules For Shells Under Internal Pressure
4.3.1 Scope
4.3.2 Shell Tolerances
284 4.3.3 Cylindrical Shells
4.3.4 Conical Shells
4.3.5 Spherical Shells and Hemispherical Heads
4.3.6 Torispherical Heads
287 4.3.7 Ellipsoidal Heads
4.3.8 Local Thin Areas
288 4.3.9 Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through the Vessel Wall
289 4.3.10 Combined Loadings and Allowable Stresses
290 4.3.11 Cylindrical-To-Conical Shell Transition Junctions Without a Knuckle
293 4.3.12 Cylindrical-To-Conical Shell Transition Junctions with a Knuckle
295 4.3.13 Nomenclature
300 4.3.14 Tables
310 4.3.15 Figures
317 4.4 Design of Shells Under External Pressure and Allowable Compressive Stresses
4.4.1 Scope
4.4.2 Design Factors
318 4.4.3 Material Properties
4.4.3 Material Properties
4.4.3 Material Properties
4.4.4 Shell Tolerances
320 4.4.5 Cylindrical Shell
324 4.4.6 Conical Shell
325 4.4.7 Spherical Shell and Hemispherical Head
326 4.4.8 Torispherical Head
4.4.9 Ellipsoidal Head
327 4.4.10 Local Thin Areas
4.4.11 Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through the Vessel WallDesign requirements for partially drilled holes that do not penetrate
4.4.12 Combined Loadings and Allowable Compressive Stresses
335 4.4.13 Cylindrical-To-Conical Shell Transition Junctions Without A Knuckle
4.4.14 Cylindrical-To-Conical Shell Transition Junctions With A Knuckle
4.4.15 Nomenclature
340 .4.16 Tables
341 4.4.17 Figures
348 4.5 Design Rules for Openings in Shells and Heads
4.5.1 Scope
4.5.2 Dimensions and Shape of Nozzles
4.5.3 Method of Nozzle Attachment
349 4.5.4 Nozzle Neck Minimum Thickness Requirements
4.5.5 Radial Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
353 4.5.6 Hillside Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell
4.5.7 Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell Oriented at an Angle from the Longitudinal Axis
354 4.5.8 Radial Nozzle in a Conical Shell
4.5.9 Nozzle in a Conical S
355 4.5.10 Radial Nozzle in a Spherical Shell or Formed Head
359 4.5.11 Hillside or Perpendicular Nozzle in a Formed Head
4.5.12 Circular Nozzles in a Flat Head
360 4.5.13 Spacing Requirements for Nozzles
361 4.5.14 Strength of Nozzle Attachment Welds
364 4.5.15 Local Stresses in Nozzles in Shells and Formed Heads from External Loads
365 4.5.16 Inspection Openings
366 4.5.17 Reinforcement of Openings Subject to Compressive Stress
367 4.5.18 Nomenclature
370 4.5.19 Tables
371 4.5.20 Figures
378 4.6 Design Rules for Flat Heads
4.6.1 Scope
4.6.2 Flat Unstayed Circular Heads
379 4.6.3 Flat Unstayed Non-Circular Heads
4.6.4 Integral Flat Head With A Centrally Located Opening
381 4.6.5 Nomenclature
383 4.6.6 Tables
389 4.6.7 Figures
390 4.7 Design Rules for Spherically Dished Bolted Covers
4.7.1 Scope
4.7.2 Type A Head Thickness Requirements
4.7.3 Type B Head Thickness Requirements
391 4.7.4 Type C Head Thickness Requirements
392 4.7.5 Type D Head Thickness Requirements
396 4.7.6 Nomenclature
398 4.7.7 Tables
399 4.7.8 Figures
402 4.8 Design Rules for Quick-Actuating (Quick Opening) Closures
4.8.1 Scope
4.8.2 Definitions
4.8.3 General Design Requirements
403 4.8.4 Specific Design Requirements
4.8.5 Alternative Designs for Manually Operated Closures
4.8.6 Supplementary Requirements for Quick-Actuating (Quick-Opening) Closures
404 4.9 Design Rules for Braced and Stayed Surfaces
4.9.1 Scope
4.9.2 Required Thickness of Braced and Stayed Surfaces
4.9.3 Required Dimensions and Layout of Staybolts and Stays
4.9.4 Requirements for Welded-in Staybolts and Welded Stays
405 4.9.5 Nomenclature
406 4.9.6 Tables
407 4.9.7 Figures
408 4.10 Design Rules for Ligaments
4.10.1 Scope
4.10.2 Ligament Efficiency
409 4.10.3 Ligament Efficiency and the Weld Joint Factor
4.10.4 Nomenclature
410 4.10.5 Figures
414 4.11 Design Rules for Jacketed Vessels
4.11.1 Scope
4.11.2 Design of Jacketed Shells and Jacketed Heads
415 4.11.3 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Vessel
4.11.4 Design of Penetrations Through Jackets
416 4.11.5 Design of Partial Jackets
4.11.6 Design of Half–Pipe Jackets
417 4.11.7 Nomenclature
418 4.11.8 Tables
429 4-1934.11.9 Figures
432 4.12 Design Rules for NonCircular Vessels
4.12.1 Scope
4.12.2 General Design Requirements
433 4.12.3 Requirements for Vessels With Reinforcement
435 4.12.4 Requirements for Vessels With Stays
436 4.12.5 Requirements for Rectangular Vessels With Small Aspect Ratios
4.12.6 Weld Joint Factors and Ligament Efficiency
439 4.12.7 Design Procedure
440 4.12.8 Noncircular Vessels Subject to External Pressure
441 4.12.9 Rectangular Vessels With Two or More Compartments of Unequal Size
442 4.12.10 Fabrication
4.12.11 Nomenclature
445 4.12.12 Tables
482 4.12.13 Figures
497 4.13 Design Rules for Layered Vessels
4.13.1 Scope
4.13.2 Definiti
4.13.3 General
4.13.4 Design for Internal Pressure
498 4.13.5 Design for External Pressure
4.13.6 Design of Welded Joints
499 4.13.7 Nozzles and Nozzle Reinforcement
500 4.13.8 Flat Heads
4.13.9 Bolted and Studded Connections
4.13.10 Attachments and Supports
501 4.13.11 Vent Holes
4.13.12 Shell Tolerances
503 4.13.13 Nomenclature
505 4.13.14 Figures
518 4.14 Evaluation of Vessels Outside of Tolerance
4.14.1 Shell Tolerances
4.14.2 Local Thin Areas
4.14.3 Marking and Reports
519 4.14.4 Figures
520 4.15 Design Rules for Supports and Attachments
4.15.1 Scop
4.15.2 Design of Supports
4.15.3 Saddle Supports for Horizontal Vessels
527 4.15.4 Skirt Supports for Vertical Vessels
528 4.15.5 Lug And Leg Supports
529 4.15.6 Nomenclature
531 4.15.7 Tables
533 4.15.8 Figures
541 4.16 Design Rules for Flanged Joints
4.16.1 Scope
4.16.2 Design Considerations
542 4.16.3 Flange Types
4.16.4 Flange Materials
543 4.16.5 Gasket Materials
4.16.6 Design Bolt Loads
544 4.16.7 Flange Design Procedure
546 4.16.8 Split Loose Type Flanges
4.16.9 Noncircular Shaped Flanges with a Circular Bore
4.16.10 Flanges with Nut Stops
4.16.11 Joint Assembly Procedures
547 4.16.12 Nomenclature
550 4.16.13 Tables
563 4.16.14 Figures
571 4.17 Design Rules for Clamped Connections
4.17.1 Scope
4.17.2 Design Considerations
4.17.3 Flange Materials
572 4.17.4 Design Bolt Loads
573 4.17.5 Flange and Clamp Design Procedure
576 4.17.6 Nomenclature
579 4.17.7 Tables
581 4.17.8 Figures
583 4.18 Design Rules for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
4.18.1 Scope
4.18.2 Terminology
4.18.3 General Design Considerations
4.18.4 General Conditions of Applicability for Tubesheets
584 4.18.5 Tubesheet Flanged Extension
4.18.6 Tubesheet Characteristics
586 4.18.7 Rules for the Design of U-Tube Tubesheets
593 4.18.8 Rules for the Design of Fixed Tubesheets
608 4.18.9 Rules for the Design of Floating Tubesheets
622 4.18.10 Tube-to-Tubesheet Welds
624 4.18.11 Bellows Expansion Joints
4.18.12 Flanged-and-Flued or Flanged-Only Expansion Joints
626 4.18.13 Pressure Test Requirements
4.18.14 Heat Exchanger Marking and Reports
627 4.18.15 Nomenclature
633 4.18.16 Tables
638 4.18.17 Figures
703 PART 5 DESIGN BY ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS
705 5.1 General Requirements
5.1.1 Scope
5.1.2 Numerical Analysis
706 5.1.3 Loading Conditions
5.2 Protection Against Plastic Collapse
5.2.1 Overview
707 5.2.2 Elastic Stress Analysis Method
710 5.2.3 Limit-Load Analysis Method
711 5.2.4 Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis Method
713 5.3 Protection Against Local Failure
5.3.1 Overview
5.3.2 Elastic Analysis
5.3.3 Elastic-Plastic Analysis
714 5.4 Protection Against Collapse From Buckling
5.4.1 Design Factors
715 5.4.2 Numerical Analysis
5.5 Protection Against Failure From Cyclic Loading
5.5.1 Overview
716 5.5.2 Screening Criteria for Fatigue Analysis
719 5.5.3 Fatigue Assessment – Elastic Stress Analysis and Equivalent Stresses
723 5.5.4 Fatigue Assessment – Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis and Equivalent Strains
724 5.5.5 Fatigue Assessment of Welds – Elastic Analysis and Structural Stress
729 5.5.6 Ratcheting Assessment – Elastic Stress Analysis
731 5.5.7 Ratcheting Assessment – Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis5.5.7.1 OverviewTo evaluate protection against ratcheting using elastic-plastic analysis, an assessment
5.6 Supplemental Requirements for Stress Classification in Nozzle Necks
732 5.7 Supplemental Requirements for Bolts
5.7.1 Design Requirements
5.7.2 Service Stress Requirements
733 5.7.3 Fatigue Assessment Of Bolts
5.8 Supplemental Requirements for Perforated Plates
5.9 Supplemental Requirements for Layered Vessels
734 5.10 Experimental Stress Analysis
5.11 Fracture Mechanic Evaluations
5.12 Definitions
736 5.13 Nomenclature
743 5.14 Tables
756 5.15 Figures
759 ANNEX 5.A LINEARIZATION OF STRESS RESULTS FOR STRESSCLASSIFICATION
5.A.1 Scope
5.A.2 General
5.A.3 Selection of Stress Classification Lines
760 5.A.4 Stress Integration Method
762 5.A.5 Structural Stress Method Based on Nodal Forces
763 5.A.6 Structural Stress Method Based on Stress Integration
5.A.7 Nomenclature
765 5.A.8 Tables
767 5.A.9 Figures
778 ANNEX 5.B HISTOGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND CYCLE COUNTING FORFATIGUE ANALYSIS
5.B.1 General
5.B.2 Definitions
5.B.3 Histogram Development
779 5.B.4 Cycle Counting Using the Rainflow Method
5.B.5 Cycle Counting Using Max-Min Cycle Counting Method
781 5.B.6 Nomenclature
782 ANNEX 5.C ALTERNATIVE PLASTICITY ADJUSTMENT FACTORS ANDEFFECTIVE ALTERNATING STRESS FOR ELASTIC FATIGUE ANALYSIS
5.C.1 Scope
5.C.2 Definitions
5.C.3 Effective Alternating Stress for Elastic Fatigue Analysis
787 5.C.4 Nomenclature
789 ANNEX 5.D STRESS INDICES
5.D.1 General
5.D.2 Stress Indices for Radial Nozzles
791 5.D.3 Stress Indices for Laterals
792 5.D.4 Nomenclature
793 5.D.5 Tables
795 5.D.6 Figures
798 ANNEX 5.E DESIGN METHODS FOR PERFORATED PLATES BASED ONELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS
5.E.1 Overview
5.E.2 Stress Analysis of the Equivalent Solid Plate
799 5.E.3 Stiffness Effects of the Tubes
5.E.4 Effective Material Properties for the Equivalent Solid Plate
801 5.E.5 Pressure Effects in Tubesheet Perforations
5.E.6 Protection Against Plastic Collapse
802 5.E.7 Protection Against Cyclic Loading
805 5.E.8 Nomenclature
809 5.E.9 Tables
836 5.E.10 Figures
841 ANNEX 5.F EXPERIMENTAL STRESS AND FATIGUE ANALYSIS
5.F.1 Overview
5.F.2 Strain Measurement Test Procedure for Stress Components
842 5.F.3 Protection Against Cyclic Loading
845 5.F.4 Nomenclature
847 5.F.5 Figures
849 PART 6 FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
851 6.1 General Fabrication Requirements
6.1.1 Materials
852 6.1.2 Forming
854 6.1.3 Base Metal Preparation
855 6.1.4 Fitting and Alignment
856 6.1.5 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Welded
6.1.6 Alignment Tolerances for Edges to Be Butt Welded
857 6.2 Welding Fabrication Requirements
6.2.1 Welding Processes
6.2.2 Welding Qualifications and Records
859 6.2.3 Precautions to Be Taken Before Welding
6.2.4 Specific Requirements for Welded Joints
861 6.2.5 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements
862 6.2.6 Summary of Joints Permitted and Their Examination
6.2.7 Repair of Weld Defects
863 6.2.8 Special Requirements for Welding Test Plates for Titanium Materials
6.3 Special Requirements for Tube-To-Tubesheet Welds
6.3.1 Material Requirements
6.3.2 Holes in Tubesheets
6.3.3 Weld Design and Joint Preparation
6.3.4 Qualification of Welding Procedure
6.4 Preheating and Heat Treatment of Weldments
6.4.1 Requirements for Preheating of Welds
864 6.4.2 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment
865 6.4.3 Procedures for Postweld Heat Treatment
867 6.4.4 Operation of Postweld Heat Treatment
6.4.5 Postweld Heat Treatment after Repairs
868 6.4.6 Postweld Heat Treatment of Nonferrous Materials
869 6.5 Special Requirements For Clad or Weld Overlay Linings, and Lined Parts
6.5.1 Materials
870 6.5.2 Joints In Corrosion Resistant Clad or Weld Metal Overlay Linings
6.5.3 Welding Procedures
6.5.4 Methods to Be Used In Attaching Applied Linings
6.5.5 Postweld Heat Treatment of Clad and Lined Weldments
6.5.6 Requirements for Base Material With Corrosion Resistant Integral or Weld Metal OverlayCladding
871 6.5.7 Examination Requirements
6.5.8 Inspection and Tests
6.5.9 Stamping and Reports
6.6 Special Requirements for Tensile Property Enhanced Q and T Ferritic Steels
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Marking on Plates and Other Materi
6.6.3 Requirements for Heat Treating After Fo
6.6.4 Minimum Thickness after Forming
872 6.6.5 Welding Requirements
874 6.6.6 Postweld Heat Treatment
875 6.6.7 Heat Treatment Certification Tests
876 6.6.8 Examination Requirements
6.6.9 Inspection and Tests
6.6.10 Stamping and Reports
6.7 Special Requirements for Forged Fabrication
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Ultrasonic Examination
6.7.3 Toughness Requirements
6.7.4 Tolerances on Cylindrical Forgings
877 6.7.5 Methods of Forming Forged Heads
6.7.6 Heat Treatment Requirements for Forged Fabrication
878 6.7.7 Welding For Fabrication
879 6.7.8 Repair of Defects in Material
880 6.7.9 Threaded Connections to Vessel Walls, Forged Necks, and Heads
6.7.10 Inspection, Examination, and Testing
881 6.7.11 Stamping and Reports for Forged Vessels
6.7.12 Pressure Relief Devices
6.8 Special Fabrication Requirements for Layered Vessels
6.8.1 General
6.8.2 General Fabrication Requirements
6.8.3 Welding Fabrication Requirements
6.8.4 Welding Qualification and Records
882 6.8.5 Specific Requirements for Welded Joints
883 6.8.6 Nondestructive Examination of Welded Joints
6.8.7 Welded Joint Efficiency
6.8.8 Contact between Layers
6.8.9 Vent Holes
884 6.8.10 Heat Treatment of Weldments
885 6.9 Nomenclature
886 6.10 Tables
910 6.11 Figures
915 PART 7 INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS
917 7.1 General
7.2 Responsibilities and Duties
7.2.1 Responsibilities and Duties of the Manufacturer and Inspector
7.2.2 Access for Inspector
7.2.3 Notification of Work Progress
7.3 Verification and Examination Prior To Welding
7.3.1 Compliance of Material with Requirements and Marking
7.3.2 Check of Component Parts
7.3.3 Verification of Heat Treatment Practice
7.3.4 Verification of Welding Procedure Specification
918 7.3.5 Verification of Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualification
7.3.6 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel
7.4 Examination of Welded Joints
7.4.1 Nondestructive Examination Requirements
7.4.2 Examination Groups for Pressure Vessels
919 7.4.3 Extent of Nondestructive Examination
920 7.4.4 Selection of Examination Method for Internal (Volumetric) Flaws
7.4.5 Selection of Examination Method for Surface Flaws
7.4.6 Surface Condition and Preparation
7.4.7 Supplemental Examination for Cyclic Service
7.4.8 Examination and Inspection of Vessels with Protective Linings and Cladding
921 7.4.9 Examination and Inspection of Tensile Property Enhanced Q and T Vessels
922 7.4.10 Examination and Inspection of Integrally Forged Vessels
923 7.4.11 Examination and Inspection of Fabricated Layered Vessels
925 7.5 Examination Method and Acceptance Criteria
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Visual Examination
926 7.5.3 Radiographic Examination
928 7.5.4 Ultrasonic Examination
929 7.5.5 Ultrasonic Examination Used in Lieu of Radiographic Examination
930 7.5.6 Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)
931 7.5.7 Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT)
932 7.5.8 Eddy Current Surface Examination Procedure Requirements (ET)
934 7.5.9 Evaluation and Retest for Partial Examination
935 7.6 Final Examination of Vessel
7.6.1 Surface Examination after Hydrotest
7.6.2 Inspection of Lined Vessel Interior after Hydrotest
7.7 Leak Testing
7.8 Acoustic Emission
936 7.9 Tables
948 7.10 Figures
964 ANNEX 7.A RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES FOR INSPECTION ANDEXAMINATION ACTIVITIES
7.A.1 General
7.A.2 Manufacturer’s Responsibility
7.A.2.1 The Manufacturer
7.A.2.2 Inspection and Examination Duties
965 7.A.3 Inspector’s Responsibility
7.A.3.1 The Inspector
7.A.3.2 Inspection and Examination Duties
7.A.3.2.1 General
967 7.A.4 Tables
969 PART 8 PRESSURE TESTING REQUIREMENTS
970 8.1 General Requirements
8.1.1 Selection of Pressure Test Methods
8.1.2 Precautions
971 8.1.3 Requirements for Vessels of Specific Construction
972 8.1.4 Pressure Gages
8.2 Hydrostatic Testing
8.2.1 Test Pressure
973 8.2.2 Preparation for Testing
8.2.3 Test Fluid
8.2.4 Test Procedures
8.2.5 Test Examination and Acceptance Criteria
974 8.3 Pneumatic Testing
8.3.1 Test Pressure
8.3.2 Preparation for Testing
8.3.3 Test Flu
8.3.4 Test Procedures
8.3.5 Test Examination and Acceptance Criteria
975 8.4 Alternative Pressure Tes
8.4.1 Hydrostatic–Pneumatic Tests
8.4.2 Leak Tightness Testing
8.5 Documentation
8.6 Nomenclature
977 PART 9 PRESSURE VESSEL OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION
978 9.1 General Requirements
9.1.1 Protection Against Overpressure
9.1.2 Types of Overpressure Protection
979 9.1.3 Required Relieving Capacity and Allowable Overpre
9.1.4 Pressure Setting of Pressure Relief Devices
9.2 Pressure Relief Valves
9.3 Non-Reclosing Pressure Relief Devices
9.3.1 Rupture Disk Devices
9.3.2 Breaking Pin Devices
9.3.3 Spring Loaded Non-Reclosing Pressure Relief Devices
9.4 Calculation Of Rated Capacity For Different Relieving Pressures And/Or Fluids
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Prorating of Certified Capacity for Different Pressures
980 9.4.3 Conversion of Certified Capacity for Different In-Service Flu
9.5 Marking and Stamping
9.6 Provisions for Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Inlet Piping for Pressure Relief Devices
9.6.3 Discharge Lines from Pressure Relief Devices
9.6.4 Pressure Drop, Non-Reclosing Pressure Relief Devices
9.7 Overpressure Protection by Design
981 ANNEX 9.A BEST PRACTICES FOR THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATIONOF PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
9.A.1 Introduction
9.A.2 Provisions for the Installation of Stop Valves in the Relief Path
984 9.A.3 Inlet Piping Pressure Drop for Pressure Relief Valves
9.A.4 Discharge Lines from Pressure Relief Devices
985 9.A.5 Cautions Regarding Pressure Relief Device Discharge into a Common Header
9.A.6 Pressure Differentials (Operating Margin) for Pressure Relief Valves
987 9.A.7 Pressure Relief Valve Orientation
9.A.8 Reaction Forces and Externally Applied Piping Loads
9.A.9 Sizing of Pressure Relief Devices for Fire Conditions
988 9.A.10 Use of Pressure Indicating Devices to Monitor Pressure Differential
997 INTERPRETATIONS Volume 60

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