This Technical Report describes the measurement of wet gas with differential pressure meters. It applies to two-phase flows of gas and liquid in which the flowing fluid mixture consists of gas in the region of 95 % volume fraction or more (the exact limits on the mixture are defined in 6.4.3, 6.4.5, 7.5.3 and 7.5.5). This Technical Report is an extension of ISO 5167. The ranges of gases and liquids from which the equations in this Technical Report were derived are given in 6.4.1 and 7.5.1. It is possible that the equations do not apply to liquids significantly different from those tested, particularly to highly viscous liquids.<\/p>\n
Although the over-reading equations presented in this Technical Report apply for a wide range of gases and liquids at appropriate gas-liquid density ratios, evaluating gas flowrates depends on information in addition to that required in single-phase flow: under certain conditions, a measurement of the pressure loss is sufficient; tracers can be used to measure the liquid flow; the total mass flowrate may be known (this is more likely in a wet-steam flow than in a natural gas\/liquid flow); in a wet-steam flow a throttling calorimeter can be used.<\/p>\n
Wet-gas measurement using Venturi tubes or orifice plates is covered in this Technical Report.<\/p>\n
This Technical Report is only applicable to wet gas flows with a single liquid and is not intended for the oil and gas industry.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions 4 Symbols and subscripts 5 Principle of the method of measurement and computation 5.1 Principle of the method of measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 5.2 Computation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 6 Venturi tubes 6.1 General 6.2 Design requirements 6.3 Pressure tappings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 6.4 Computation of gas flowrate 6.4.1 General 6.4.2 Discharge coefficient 6.4.3 Over-reading correction factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 6.4.4 Determination of X 6.4.5 Use of the pressure loss ratio to determine X <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 6.5 Uncertainties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 7 Orifice plates 7.1 General 7.2 Design requirements 7.3 Use of orifice plates with drain holes 7.4 Pressure tappings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 7.5 Computation of gas flowrate 7.5.1 General 7.5.2 Discharge coefficient 7.5.3 Over-reading correction factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 7.5.4 Determination of X 7.5.5 Use of the pressure loss ratio to determine X <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 7.6 Uncertainties 8 Tracer techniques 8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 8.2 Technique 8.3 Measuring the gas flowrate using tracer techniques <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 9 Comparison method 10 Total mass flowrate known <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 11 Using a throttling calorimeter 12 Installation 12.1 Flow conditioners 12.2 Insulation 12.3 Pressure tappings and impulse lines 12.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 12.3.2 Gas in condensing conditions, e.g. steam 12.3.3 Gas in non-condensing conditions 12.4 Gas composition 12.5 Densitometers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 13 Sampling 13.1 General 13.2 Sampling points at the wet-gas meter 13.3 Sampling points at test separators 13.3.1 General 13.3.2 Gas sampling 13.3.3 Liquid sampling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Measurement of wet gas flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits<\/b><\/p>\n |