{"id":362777,"date":"2024-10-20T01:42:03","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T01:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-iso-214322020-2\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T02:41:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T02:41:10","slug":"bs-en-iso-214322020-2","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-iso-214322020-2\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN ISO 21432:2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This document describes the test method for determining residual stresses in polycrystalline materials by neutron diffraction. It is applicable to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials including those containing distinct phases.<\/p>\n<p>The principles of the neutron diffraction technique are outlined. Suggestions are provided on<b>:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>the selection of appropriate diffracting lattice planes on which measurements should be made for different categories of materials,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>the specimen directions in which the measurements should be performed, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>the volume of material examined in relation to the material grain size and the envisaged stress state.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Procedures are described for accurately positioning and aligning test pieces in a neutron beam and for precisely defining the volume of material sampled for the individual measurements.<\/p>\n<p>The precautions needed for calibrating neutron diffraction instruments are described. Techniques for obtaining a stress-free reference are presented.<\/p>\n<p>The methods of making individual measurements by neutron diffraction are described in detail. Procedures for analysing the results and for determining their statistical relevance are presented. Advice is provided on how to determine reliable estimates of residual stresses from the strain data and on how to estimate the uncertainty in the results.<\/p>\n<h4>PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n<table border=\"1px\" class=\"des-table\">\n<tr>\n<th>PDF Pages<\/th>\n<th>PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>2<b><\/td>\n<td>National foreword  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>4<b><\/td>\n<td>European foreword  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>7<b><\/td>\n<td>Foreword  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>9<b><\/td>\n<td>Introduction  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>11<b><\/td>\n<td>1 Scope <br \/> 2 Normative references <br \/> 3 Terms and definitions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>15<b><\/td>\n<td>4 Symbols and abbreviated terms <br \/> 4.1 Symbols and units  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>17<b><\/td>\n<td>4.2 Subscripts <br \/> 4.3 Abbreviated terms <br \/> 5 Summary of method <br \/> 5.1 General <br \/> 5.2 Outline of the principle \u2014 Bragg\u2019s law <br \/> 5.3 Neutron sources  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>18<b><\/td>\n<td>5.4 Strain determination <br \/> 5.4.1 General <br \/> 5.4.2 Monochromatic instrument <br \/> 5.4.3 TOF instrument  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>19<b><\/td>\n<td>5.5 Neutron diffractometers <br \/> 5.6 Stress determination  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>24<b><\/td>\n<td>6 Purpose, geometry and material <br \/> 6.1 General <br \/> 6.2 Purpose of the measurement <br \/> 6.3 Geometry <br \/> 6.4 Composition  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>25<b><\/td>\n<td>6.5 Thermal\/mechanical history <br \/> 6.6 Phases and crystal structures <br \/> 6.7 Homogeneity <br \/> 6.8 Microstructure <br \/> 6.9 Texture <br \/> 7 Preparations for measurements <br \/> 7.1 General <br \/> 7.2 Alignment and calibration of the instrument  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>26<b><\/td>\n<td>7.3 Choice of diffraction conditions <br \/> 7.3.1 Monochromatic instruments  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>28<b><\/td>\n<td>7.3.2 TOF instruments  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>29<b><\/td>\n<td>7.4 Positioning procedures <br \/> 7.5 Gauge volumes  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>30<b><\/td>\n<td>7.6 Methods for establishing the macroscopically stress-free or reference lattice spacing  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>32<b><\/td>\n<td>8 Measurement and recording requirements <br \/> 8.1 General <br \/> 8.2 Recording requirements <br \/> 8.2.1 General <br \/> 8.2.2 General information \u2014 instrument  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>33<b><\/td>\n<td>8.2.3 General information \u2014 specimen <br \/> 8.2.4 Specific information required for each diffraction measurement  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>34<b><\/td>\n<td>8.3 Specimen co-ordinates <br \/> 8.4 Positioning of the specimen <br \/> 8.5 Measurement directions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>35<b><\/td>\n<td>8.6 Number and location of measuring positions <br \/> 8.7 Gauge volume <br \/> 8.8 Gauge volume centroid considerations <br \/> 8.9 Temperature <br \/> 9 Calculation of stress <br \/> 9.1 General <br \/> 9.2 Normal stress determinations  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>36<b><\/td>\n<td>9.3 Stress state determinations <br \/> 9.3.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>37<b><\/td>\n<td>9.3.2 The sin2\u03c8 method <br \/> 9.4 Choice of elastic constants <br \/> 9.5 Diffraction data analysis <br \/> 9.5.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>38<b><\/td>\n<td>9.5.2 Peak fitting function <br \/> 9.5.3 Background function <br \/> 9.5.4 Peak to background ratio <br \/> 9.5.5 Distorted peak profiles  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>39<b><\/td>\n<td>10 Reliability  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>40<b><\/td>\n<td>11 Reporting <br \/> 11.1 General <br \/> 11.2 Strain or stress values <br \/> 11.2.1 General <br \/> 11.2.2 Stress-free or reference lattice spacing <br \/> 11.2.3 Conversion of strain to stress <br \/> 11.2.4 Elastic constants <br \/> 11.2.5 Positioning <br \/> 11.3 Neutron source and instrument  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>41<b><\/td>\n<td>11.4 General measurement procedures <br \/> 11.5 Specimens\/materials properties <br \/> 11.6 Original data <br \/> 11.7 Uncertainties and errors  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>42<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex A (informative) Measurement and analysis methodologies  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>51<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex B (informative) Determination of uncertainties in a measurand  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>54<b><\/td>\n<td>Bibliography  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><b>Non-destructive testing. Standard test method for determining residual stresses by neutron diffraction<\/b><\/p>\n<table class=\"shortdes-table\" style=\"width: 100%\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Published By<\/td>\n<td>Publication Date<\/td>\n<td>Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product-category\/publishers\/bsi\/\"><b>BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":362787,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-362777","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/362777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/362787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=362777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=362777"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=362777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}