{"id":445356,"date":"2024-10-20T08:41:23","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T08:41:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bs-en-iec-62477-12023\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T16:10:00","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T16:10:00","slug":"bs-en-iec-62477-12023","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bs-en-iec-62477-12023\/","title":{"rendered":"BS EN IEC 62477-1:2023"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>IEC 62477-1:2022 applies to <em>power electronic converter<\/em> <em>systems<\/em> (<em>PECS<\/em>), any specified <em>accessories<\/em>, and their <em>component<\/em>s for <em>electronic power conversion<\/em> and electronic power switching, including the means for their control, protection, monitoring and measurement, such as with the main purpose of converting electric power, with rated system <em>voltage<\/em>s not exceeding 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC. This document also applies to <em>PECS<\/em> which intentionally emit or receive radio waves for the purpose of radio communication. This document can also be used as a reference standard for product committees producing product standards for: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">adjustable speed electric power drive systems (PDS);<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">standalone uninterruptible power systems (UPS);<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>low voltage<\/em> stabilized DC power supplies;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">bidirectional power converters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For <em>PECS<\/em> and their specified <em>accessories<\/em> for which no product standard exists, this document provides minimum requirements for safety aspects. This document has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 for <em>power electronic converter<\/em> <em>systems<\/em> for solar, wind, tidal, wave, fuel cell or similar energy sources. According to IEC Guide 104, one of the responsibilities of technical committees is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications and\/or group safety publications in the preparation of their product standards. Guidance for use of this group safety publication for product committees is given in Annex S. This document <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">establishes a common terminology for safety aspects relating to <em>PECS<\/em>,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">establishes minimum requirements for the coordination of safety aspects of interrelated parts within a <em>PECS<\/em>,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">establishes a common basis for minimum safety requirements for the <em>PECS<\/em> portion of products that contain <em>PECS<\/em>,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">specifies requirements to reduce risks of fire, electric shock, thermal, energy and mechanical hazards, during use and operation and, where specifically stated, during service and maintenance, and<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">specifies minimum requirements to reduce risks with respect to <em>PECS<\/em> designed as pluggable and <em>permanently connected equipment<\/em>, whether it consists of a system of interconnected units or independent units, subject to installing, operating and maintaining the <em>PECS<\/em> in the manner prescribed by the manufacturer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This document does not cover <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">telecommunications apparatus other than power supplies to such apparatus,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">functional safety aspects as covered by, for example, IEC 61508 (all parts), and<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align:justify\">electrical equipment and systems for railways applications and electr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n<table border=\"1px\" class=\"des-table\">\n<tr>\n<th>PDF Pages<\/th>\n<th>PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>2<b><\/td>\n<td>undefined  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>7<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>11<b><\/td>\n<td>English <br \/> CONTENTS  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>20<b><\/td>\n<td>FOREWORD  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>23<b><\/td>\n<td>INTRODUCTION  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>25<b><\/td>\n<td>1 Scope  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>26<b><\/td>\n<td>2 Normative references  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>29<b><\/td>\n<td>3 Terms and definitions <br \/> Tables <br \/> Table 1 \u2013 Alphabetical list of terms  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>42<b><\/td>\n<td>4 Protection against hazards <br \/> 4.1 General <br \/> 4.2 Single fault conditions and abnormal operating conditions   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>43<b><\/td>\n<td>4.3 Short-circuit and overload protection  <br \/> 4.3.1 General   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>45<b><\/td>\n<td>4.3.2 Input short-circuit withstand strength and output short-circuit current ability  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>46<b><\/td>\n<td>4.3.3 Short-circuit coordination (backup protection) <br \/> 4.3.4 Protection by several devices <br \/> 4.4 Protection against electric shock  <br \/> 4.4.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>48<b><\/td>\n<td>Figures <br \/> Figure 1 \u2013 Protective means for protection against electric shock considering Class I equipment and Class II equipment  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>49<b><\/td>\n<td>4.4.2 Decisive voltage class <br \/> Figure 2 \u2013 Protective means for protection against electric shock considering Class III equipment or accessible circuits of DVC As  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>51<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 2 \u2013 Voltage limits for the decisive voltage classes DVC  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>52<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 3 \u2013 Minimum protection requirements for circuit under consideration  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>53<b><\/td>\n<td>4.4.3 Means for basic protection (protection against direct contact)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>54<b><\/td>\n<td>4.4.4 Means for fault protection (protection against indirect contact)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>56<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 3 \u2013 Example of a PECS assembly and itsassociated protective equipotential bonding  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>57<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 4 \u2013 Example of a PECS assembly and itsassociated protective equipotential bonding through direct metallic contact  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>58<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 4 \u2013 PE conductor cross-sectional area  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>61<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 5 \u2013 Time-voltage zones for accessible circuits of DVC As and DVC B \u2013DC during single fault conditions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>62<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 6 \u2013 Time-voltage zones for accessible circuits of DVC As and DVC B \u2013AC peak during single fault conditions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>63<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 7 \u2013 Time-voltage zones for conductive accessible partsduring single fault conditions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>64<b><\/td>\n<td>4.4.5 Means for enhanced protection  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>65<b><\/td>\n<td>4.4.6 Protective means for equipment classes <br \/> Table 5 \u2013 Limits for access of touch current  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>67<b><\/td>\n<td>4.4.7 Insulation  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>68<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 6 \u2013 Definitions of pollution degrees  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>70<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 7 \u2013 Impulse withstand voltage and temporary overvoltage versus system voltage   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>75<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 8 \u2013 Clearances for functional insulation, basic insulation or supplementary insulation for inhomogeneous fields  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>78<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 9 \u2013 Creepage distances  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>80<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 10 \u2013 Generic materials for the direct support of uninsulated live parts  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>81<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 11 \u2013 Thin sheet material thickness through insulation requirements  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>84<b><\/td>\n<td>4.4.8 Compatibility with residual current-operated protective devices (RCD)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>85<b><\/td>\n<td>4.4.9 Capacitor discharge <br \/> 4.5 Protection against electrical energy hazards   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>86<b><\/td>\n<td>4.6 Protection against fire and thermal hazards <br \/> 4.6.1 Circuits representing a fire hazard <br \/> 4.6.2 Components representing a fire hazard  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>87<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 12 \u2013 Flammability classes and classification standards  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>88<b><\/td>\n<td>4.6.3 Fire enclosures  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>90<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 8 \u2013 Fire enclosure bottom openings below anunenclosed or partially enclosed fire-hazardous component   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>91<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 9 \u2013 Fire enclosure baffle construction <br \/> Table 13 \u2013 Permitted openings in fire enclosure bottoms  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>92<b><\/td>\n<td>4.6.4 Temperature limits  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>93<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 14 \u2013 Maximum measured temperatures for internal materials and components  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>95<b><\/td>\n<td>4.6.5 Limited power sources <br \/> Table 15 \u2013 Maximum measured temperatures for accessible parts of the PECS  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>96<b><\/td>\n<td>4.7 Protection against mechanical hazards <br \/> 4.7.1 General <br \/> Table 16 \u2013 Limits for sources without an overcurrent protective device <br \/> Table 17 \u2013 Limits for power sources with an overcurrent protective device  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>97<b><\/td>\n<td>4.7.2 Specific requirements for liquid cooled PECS  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>98<b><\/td>\n<td>4.7.3 Mechanical hazards from rotating parts   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>99<b><\/td>\n<td>4.7.4 Sharp edges <br \/> 4.8 PECS with multiple sources of supply  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>100<b><\/td>\n<td>4.9 Protection against environmental stresses  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>101<b><\/td>\n<td>4.10 Protection against excessive acoustic noise hazards <br \/> Table 18 \u2013 Environmental service conditions  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>102<b><\/td>\n<td>4.11 Wiring and connections  <br \/> 4.11.1 General <br \/> 4.11.2 Insulation of conductors <br \/> Figure 10 \u2013 Example for interconnections within permanently connected PECS and between parts of them  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>103<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 11 \u2013 Example of cable as an arrangement of insulated conductors  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>104<b><\/td>\n<td>4.11.3 Stranded wire <br \/> 4.11.4 Routing and clamping <br \/> 4.11.5 Identification of conductors and terminals   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>105<b><\/td>\n<td>4.11.6 Splices and connections <br \/> 4.11.7 Accessible connections  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>106<b><\/td>\n<td>4.11.8 Interconnections between parts of the PECS <br \/> 4.11.9 Supply connections  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>107<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 12 \u2013 Detachable mains supply cords and connections  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>108<b><\/td>\n<td>4.11.10 Field wiring terminals and internal terminals  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>109<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 19 \u2013 Wire bending space from terminals to enclosure  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>110<b><\/td>\n<td>4.11.11 Means for shield connection of shielded wire or shielded cable <br \/> 4.12 Enclosures <br \/> 4.12.1 General <br \/> Figure 13 \u2013 Example for evaluation of wire bending space  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>111<b><\/td>\n<td>4.12.2 Handles and manual controls <br \/> 4.12.3 Cast metal  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>112<b><\/td>\n<td>4.12.4 Sheet metal <br \/> Figure 14 \u2013 Supported and unsupported enclosure parts  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>113<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 20 \u2013 Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: carbon steel or stainless steel  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>114<b><\/td>\n<td>4.12.5 Stability requirement for enclosure <br \/> Table 21 \u2013 Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: aluminium, copper or brass  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>115<b><\/td>\n<td>4.12.6 Strain relief  <br \/> 4.12.7 Polymeric enclosure stress relief <br \/> 4.12.8 Polymeric enclosure UV resistance <br \/> 4.13 Components <br \/> 4.13.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>116<b><\/td>\n<td>4.13.2 PTC thermistors <br \/> 4.13.3 Mains supply cords <br \/> 4.13.4 Capacitors and RC units bridging insulation <br \/> 4.13.5 Wound components  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>117<b><\/td>\n<td>4.13.6 Plug and socket-outlets <br \/> 4.14 Protection against electromagnetic fields <br \/> 5 Test requirements <br \/> 5.1 General <br \/> 5.1.1 Test objectives and classification <br \/> 5.1.2 Selection of test samples <br \/> 5.1.3 Sequence of tests  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>118<b><\/td>\n<td>5.1.4 Earthing conditions <br \/> 5.1.5 General conditions for tests <br \/> Table 22 \u2013 Environmental conditions for tests  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>119<b><\/td>\n<td>5.1.6 Compliance <br \/> 5.1.7 Test overview <br \/> Table 23 \u2013 Test overview  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>121<b><\/td>\n<td>5.2 Test specifications <br \/> 5.2.1 Visual inspection (type test and routine test) <br \/> 5.2.2 Mechanical tests  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>127<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 15 \u2013 Impact test using a steel ball  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>129<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 24 \u2013 Pull values for handles and manual control securement <br \/> Table 25 \u2013 Values for physical tests on strain relief of enclosure  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>130<b><\/td>\n<td>5.2.3 Electrical tests  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>131<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 26 \u2013 Impulse withstand voltage test procedure  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>132<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 27 \u2013 Impulse withstand voltage test  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>134<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 28 \u2013 AC or DC test voltage for circuits connecteddirectly to mains supply <br \/> Table 29 \u2013 AC or DC test voltage for circuits connected tonon-mains supply without temporary overvoltages  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>136<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 16 \u2013 Voltage test procedures  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>138<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 17 \u2013 Partial discharge test procedure <br \/> Table 30 \u2013 Partial discharge test  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>143<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 18 \u2013 Protective equipotential bonding impedance test for separate PECSwith power fed from the PECS with protection for the power cable  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>144<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 19 \u2013 Protective equipotential bonding impedance test for sub-assemblywith accessible parts and with power fed from the PECS  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>145<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 31 \u2013 Test duration for protective equipotential bonding test  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>147<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 20 \u2013 Electric strength test instrument  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>148<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 21 \u2013 Mandrel <br \/> Figure 22 \u2013 Initial position of mandrel <br \/> Figure 23 \u2013 Final position of mandrel  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>149<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 24 \u2013 Position of metal foil on insulating material  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>150<b><\/td>\n<td>5.2.4 Abnormal operation and simulated faults tests  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>154<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 32 \u2013 AC short-time withstand current test, minimum PECS requirements  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>157<b><\/td>\n<td>5.2.5 Material tests <br \/> Figure 25 \u2013 Circuit for high-current arcing test  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>159<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure 26 \u2013 Test fixture for hot-wire ignition test  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>162<b><\/td>\n<td>5.2.6 Environmental tests (type tests) <br \/> Table 33 \u2013 Environmental tests  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>163<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 34 \u2013 Dry heat test (steady state)   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>164<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 35 \u2013 Damp heat test (steady state)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>165<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 36 \u2013 Vibration test <br \/> Table 37 \u2013 Salt mist test  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>166<b><\/td>\n<td>5.2.7 Hydrostatic pressure test (type test, routine test) <br \/> Table 38 \u2013 Dust test <br \/> Table 39 \u2013 Sand test  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>167<b><\/td>\n<td>5.2.8 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) <br \/> 6 Information and marking requirements <br \/> 6.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>168<b><\/td>\n<td>Table 40 \u2013 Marking location  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>169<b><\/td>\n<td>6.2 Information for selection  <br \/> 6.2.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>171<b><\/td>\n<td>6.2.2 Instructions and markings pertaining to accessories <br \/> 6.3 Information for installation and commissioning <br \/> 6.3.1 General <br \/> 6.3.2 Mechanical considerations <br \/> 6.3.3 Environment <br \/> 6.3.4 Handling and mounting  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>172<b><\/td>\n<td>6.3.5 Enclosure temperature <br \/> 6.3.6 Open type PECS <br \/> 6.3.7 Connections  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>174<b><\/td>\n<td>6.3.8 Commissioning <br \/> 6.3.9 Protection requirements  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>176<b><\/td>\n<td>6.4 Information for intended use <br \/> 6.4.1 General <br \/> 6.4.2 Adjustment  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>177<b><\/td>\n<td>6.4.3 Labels, signs, symbols and signals  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>179<b><\/td>\n<td>6.4.4 Hot surfaces <br \/> 6.4.5 Control and device marking <br \/> 6.5 Supplementary information <br \/> 6.5.1 Maintenance  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>180<b><\/td>\n<td>6.5.2 Capacitor discharge <br \/> 6.5.3 Auto restart\/bypass connection <br \/> 6.5.4 Other hazards <br \/> 6.5.5 PECS with multiple sources of supply <br \/> 6.5.6 Replaceable fuses in neutral of single-phase PECS  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>182<b><\/td>\n<td>Annexes <br \/> Annex A (normative)Additional information for protection against electric shock <br \/> A.1 General <br \/> A.2 Protection by means of DVC As <br \/> A.3 Protection by means of protective impedance <br \/> Figure A.1 \u2013 Protection by DVC As with enhanced protection  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>183<b><\/td>\n<td>A.4 Protection by using limited voltages <br \/> Figure A.2 \u2013 Protection by means of protective impedance <br \/> Figure A.3 \u2013 Protection by using limited voltages  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>184<b><\/td>\n<td>A.5 Evaluation of the working voltage of circuits <br \/> A.5.1 General <br \/> A.5.2 Classification of the working voltage  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>185<b><\/td>\n<td>A.5.3 AC working voltage  <br \/> A.5.4 DC working voltage  <br \/> Figure A.4 \u2013 Typical waveform for AC working voltage <br \/> Figure A.5 \u2013 Typical waveform for DC working voltage  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>186<b><\/td>\n<td>A.5.5 Pulsating working voltage  <br \/> Figure A.6 \u2013 Typical waveform for pulsating working voltage  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>187<b><\/td>\n<td>A.6 The concept of protective means according to 4.4  <br \/> A.6.1 General <br \/> A.6.2 Examples of the use of elements of protective means  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>188<b><\/td>\n<td>Table A.1 \u2013 Examples for protection against electric shock  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>189<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex B (informative)Considerations for the reduction of the pollution degree <br \/> B.1 General <br \/> B.2 Factors influencing the pollution degree <br \/> B.3 Reduction of influencing factors  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>190<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex C (informative)Symbols referred to in this document <br \/> C.1 Symbols used <br \/> Table C.1 \u2013 Symbols used  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>191<b><\/td>\n<td>C.2 Determination of contrast  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>193<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex D (normative)Evaluation of clearance and creepage distances <br \/> D.1 Measurement <br \/> D.2 Relationship of measurement to pollution degree <br \/> Table D.1 \u2013 Width of grooves by pollution degree  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>194<b><\/td>\n<td>D.3 Examples <br \/> Figure D.1 \u2013 Example of measurements including a groove <br \/> Figure D.2 \u2013 Example of measurements including a groove <br \/> Figure D.3 \u2013 Example of measurements including a groove  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>195<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure D.4 \u2013 Example of measurements including a rib <br \/> Figure D.5 \u2013 Example of measurements providing protection of type 2 <br \/> Figure D.6 \u2013 Example of measurements providing protection of type 1  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>196<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure D.7 \u2013 Example of measurements providing protection of type 1 <br \/> Figure D.8 \u2013 Example of measurements providing protection of type 1 <br \/> Figure D.9 \u2013 Example of measurements including a barrier (cemented joint)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>197<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure D.10 \u2013 Example of measurements including a barrier <br \/> Figure D.11 \u2013 Example of measurements including a gap  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>198<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure D.12 \u2013 Example of measurements including a gap <br \/> Figure D.13 \u2013 Example of measurements including an isolated conductive part <br \/> Figure D.14 \u2013 Example of measurements in inner layer of PWB  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>199<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure D.15 \u2013 Example of measurements on enclosure of insulating material to a part inside  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>200<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex E (normative)Altitude correction for clearances <br \/> E.1 Correction factor for clearances at altitudes above 2 000 m <br \/> E.2 Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes <br \/> Table E.1 \u2013 Correction factor for clearances at altitudes between 2 000 m and 20 000 m  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>201<b><\/td>\n<td>Table E.2 \u2013 Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>202<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex F (normative)Clearance and creepage distance determination forfrequencies greater than 30 kHz <br \/> F.1 General influence of the frequency on the withstand characteristics <br \/> F.2 Clearance <br \/> F.2.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>203<b><\/td>\n<td>F.2.2 Clearance for inhomogenous fields <br \/> Figure F.1 \u2013 Diagram for dimensioning of clearances  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>204<b><\/td>\n<td>F.2.3 Clearance for approximately homogenous fields <br \/> Table F.1 \u2013 Minimum values of clearances in air at atmospheric pressure for inhomogeneous field conditions <br \/> Table F.2 \u2013 Multiplication factors for clearances in air at atmospheric pressurefor approximately homogeneous field conditions   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>205<b><\/td>\n<td>F.3 Creepage distance <br \/> Figure F.2 \u2013 Diagram for dimensioning of creepage distances  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>206<b><\/td>\n<td>F.4 Solid insulation <br \/> F.4.1 General <br \/> F.4.2 Approximately uniform field distribution without air gaps or voids <br \/> Table F.3 \u2013 Minimum values of creepage distances for different frequency ranges  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>207<b><\/td>\n<td>F.4.3 Other cases <br \/> Figure F.3 \u2013 Permissible field strength for dimensioning of solid insulationaccording to Formula (F.1)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>208<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex G (informative)Cross-sections of round conductors <br \/> Table G.1 \u2013 Standard cross-sections of round conductors  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>209<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex H (informative)Guidelines for RCD compatibility <br \/> H.1 Selection of RCD type <br \/> Figure H.1 \u2013 Flow chart leading to selection of the RCD type upstream of a PECS  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>210<b><\/td>\n<td>H.2 Fault current waveforms <br \/> Figure H.2 \u2013 Symbols for marking depending on the type of RCD  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>212<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure H.3 \u2013 Fault current waveforms in connectionswith power electronic converter devices  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>213<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex I (informative)Examples of overvoltage category reduction <br \/> I.1 General <br \/> I.2 Protection to the surroundings (see 4.4.7.2) <br \/> I.2.1 Circuits connected to mains supply (see 4.4.7.2.3) <br \/> Figure I.1 \u2013 Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the originof the installation mains supply  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>214<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure I.2 \u2013 Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supply  <br \/> Figure I.3 \u2013 Basic protection evaluation for single and three phase PECSnot permanently connected to the mains supply  <br \/> Figure I.4 \u2013 Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the originof the installation mains supply where internal SPDs are used  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>215<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure I.5 \u2013 Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supplywhere internal SPDs are used <br \/> Figure I.6 \u2013 Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used <br \/> Figure I.7 \u2013 Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>216<b><\/td>\n<td>I.2.2 Circuits connected to the non-mains supply (see 4.4.7.2.4) <br \/> I.2.3 Protection between circuits (see 4.4.7.2.7) <br \/> Figure I.8 \u2013Example of enhanced protection evaluation for circuits connectedto the mains supply where internal SPDs are used <br \/> Figure I.9 \u2013 Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the non-mains supply  <br \/> Figure I.10 \u2013 Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the the origin of the installation non-mains supply   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>217<b><\/td>\n<td>I.3 Functional insulation (see 4.4.7.3) <br \/> I.4 Further examples <br \/> Figure I.11 \u2013 Functional insulation evaluation within circuits affectedby external transients <br \/> Figure I.12 \u2013 Basic protection evaluation for circuits connected to the mains supply <br \/> Figure I.13 \u2013 Insulation evaluation for accessible circuit of DVC As  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>218<b><\/td>\n<td>I.5 Circuits with multiple supplies (see 4.4.7.2.1) <br \/> Figure I.14 \u2013 PEC with mains supply and non-mains supply without galvanic isolation <br \/> Figure I.15 \u2013 Transformer (basic protected) PEC inverter with SPD and transformerto reduce impulse voltage for functional and basic protection  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>219<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex J (informative)Burn thresholds for touchable surfaces <br \/> J.1 General <br \/> J.2 Burn thresholds <br \/> Figure J.1 \u2013 Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of bare (uncoated) metal  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>220<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure J.2 \u2013 Rise in the burn threshold spread from Figure J.1 for metalswhich are coated by shellac varnish <br \/> Figure J.3 \u2013 Rise in the burn threshold spread from Figure J.1for metals coated with the specific materials  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>221<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure J.4 \u2013 Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of ceramics, glass and stone materials  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>222<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure J.5 \u2013 Burn threshold spread when the skin is in contactwith a hot smooth surface made of plastics  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>223<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex K (informative)Table of electrochemical potentials <br \/> Table K.1 \u2013 Table of electrochemical potentials  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>224<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex L (informative)Measuring instrument for touch current measurements <br \/> L.1 Measuring instrument 1 <br \/> L.2 Measuring instrument 2 <br \/> Figure L.1 \u2013 Measuring instrument 1 <br \/> Figure L.2 \u2013 Measuring instrument 2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>225<b><\/td>\n<td>L.3 Measuring instrument 3  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>226<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex M (normative)Test probes for determining access <br \/> Figure M.1 \u2013 Sphere 50 mm probe according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe A  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>227<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure M.2 \u2013 Jointed test finger according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe B  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>228<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure M.3 \u2013 Test rod 2,5 mm according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe C <br \/> Figure M.4 \u2013 Sphere 12,5 mm test probe according to IEC 61032:1997, test probe 2  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>229<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex N (informative)Guidance regarding short-circuit current <br \/> N.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>230<b><\/td>\n<td>N.2 Coordination of short-circuit current <br \/> N.2.1 General <br \/> N.2.2 Conditional short-circuit current (Icc) and minimum required prospective short-circuit current (Icp, mr)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>231<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure N.1 \u2013 Example of short-circuit current curve under specification of Icc  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>232<b><\/td>\n<td>N.2.3 Short-time withstand current (Icw) <br \/> Figure N.2 \u2013 Example of tripping characteristic of a circuit breaker <br \/> Figure N.3 \u2013 Example of tripping characteristic of a current-limiting fuse  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>233<b><\/td>\n<td>N.3 Guidance for specification of short-circuit current and short-circuit protective device <br \/> N.3.1 General <br \/> Figure N.4 \u2013 Example of short-circuit current curve under specification of Icw  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>234<b><\/td>\n<td>N.3.2 Example 1: Two or more PECS with different ratings <br \/> Figure N.5 \u2013 Two PECS with different specifications  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>235<b><\/td>\n<td>N.3.3 Specification of Icc <br \/> N.3.4 Specification of Icw  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>236<b><\/td>\n<td>N.3.5 Example 2: One PECS with more than one rating <br \/> Figure N.6 \u2013 One PECS with different specification for each input mains supply port  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>237<b><\/td>\n<td>N.3.6 Additional explanation on terms, definitions and specifications  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>238<b><\/td>\n<td>N.4 Short-circuit rating and single fault conditions testing <br \/> N.4.1 General  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>239<b><\/td>\n<td>Figure N.7 \u2013 Flowchart for classification of Icc or Icw  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>240<b><\/td>\n<td>N.4.2 Exemption from short-time withstand current testing <br \/> N.5 Guideline for short-circuit analysis  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>241<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex O (informative)Guidelines for determination of clearance and creepage distances <br \/> O.1 Guideline for determination of clearances <br \/> Figure O.1 \u2013 Flowchart for determination of clearance  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>242<b><\/td>\n<td>O.2 Guideline for determination of creepage distances <br \/> O.3 Minimum spacings within solid insulation or similar <br \/> Figure O.2 \u2013 Flowchart for determination of creepage distance  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>243<b><\/td>\n<td>Table O.1 \u2013 Minimum spacings within solid insulation or similar  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>244<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex P (informative)Protection of persons against electromagnetic fieldsfor frequencies from 0 Hz up to 300 GHz <br \/> P.1 General influence of electromagnetic fields to persons <br \/> P.1.1 General <br \/> P.1.2 Low-frequency electric fields effects (1 Hz to 100 kHz) <br \/> P.1.3 Low-frequency magnetic fields effects (1 Hz to 100 kHz) <br \/> P.1.4 Low-frequency electric and magnetic fields effects <br \/> P.1.5 High-frequency electromagnetic fields effects (100 kHz to 300 GHz)  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>245<b><\/td>\n<td>P.1.6 Current knowledge on low-level effects <br \/> P.1.7 Biological effects versus adverse health effects <br \/> P.1.8 Influence of EMF on passive and active medical implants <br \/> P.2 Requirements from ICNIRP LF guidelines against exposure to EMF <br \/> P.2.1 Adoption of exposure limits from ICNIRP   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>246<b><\/td>\n<td>Table P.1 \u2013 Limits of EMF for general public exposure  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>247<b><\/td>\n<td>P.2.2 Limits of EMF exposure for transportation and storage <br \/> P.3 Protection of persons against exposure of EMF <br \/> P.3.1 General <br \/> Table P.2 \u2013 Limits of EMF for occupational exposure <br \/> Table P.3 \u2013 Limits for magnetic flux density of static magnetic fields (2013\/35\/EU)   <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>248<b><\/td>\n<td>P.3.2 EMF requirements for general public access areas <br \/> P.3.3 EMF requirements for general access areas, service access areas and restricted access areas <br \/> P.3.4 EMF requirements for transportation and storage  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>249<b><\/td>\n<td>P.4 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) test (type test) <br \/> P.4.1 General test set up for EMF <br \/> P.4.2 EMF test (type test) <br \/> P.5 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) marking <br \/> Table P.4 \u2013 EMF test overview  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>250<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex Q (informative)Maximum disconnection times <br \/> Table 41.1 \u2013 Maximum disconnection times  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>251<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex R (informative)Risk assessment according to IEC Guide 116 <br \/> R.1 General <br \/> R.2 Risk assessment <br \/> Table R.1 \u2013 Risk assessment  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>253<b><\/td>\n<td>Annex S (informative)Guidance to product technical committees  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>254<b><\/td>\n<td>Bibliography  <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><b>Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment &#8211; General<\/b><\/p>\n<table class=\"shortdes-table\" style=\"width: 100%\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Published By<\/td>\n<td>Publication Date<\/td>\n<td>Number of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product-category\/publishers\/bsi\/\"><b>BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td>2023<\/td>\n<td>260<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":445366,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-445356","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-bsi","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/445356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/445366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=445356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=445356"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=445356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}