{"id":79142,"date":"2024-10-17T18:31:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-17T18:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/asme-b31-1-2012\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T19:39:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T19:39:12","slug":"asme-b31-1-2012","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/asme\/asme-b31-1-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"ASME B31.1 2012"},"content":{"rendered":"

ASME B31.1 prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, inspection, operation, and maintenance of piping systems typically found in electric power generating stations, industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems. It also covers boiler-external piping for power boilers and high-temperature, high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 15 psig; and high temperature water is generated at pressures exceeding 160 psig and\/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees F. Key changes to this revision include the incorporation of cold forming rules from ASME Section I, PG-19, for austenitic materials as well as the addition of requirements regarding walkdowns and material degradation for Covered Piping Systems. B31.1 is one of ASME<\/p>\n

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nCOMMITTEE ROSTER
\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nINTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nSUMMARY OF CHANGES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\nChapter I Scope and Definitions
100 GENERAL
100.1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\nFigures
\n
Fig. 100.1.2( A. 1) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping \u2014 An Example of Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water Line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nFig. 100.1.2( A. 2) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping \u2014 An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam and Water Line <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\nFig. 100.1.2( B) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping \u2014 Drum- Type Boilers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
25<\/td>\nFig. 100.1.2( C) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping \u2014 Spray- Type Desuperheater <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n100.2 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nChapter II Design
101 DESIGN CONDITIONS
101.1 General
101.2 Pressure
101.3 Temperature
101.4 Ambient Influences
101.5 Dynamic Effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n101.6 Weight Effects
101.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads
102 DESIGN CRITERIA
102.1 General
102.2 Pressure\u2013 Temperature Ratings for Piping Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\n102.3 Allowable Stress Values and Other Stress Limits for Piping Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n102.4 Allowances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nTables
Table 102.4.3 Longitudinal Weld Joint Efficiency Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\nTable 102.4.5 Bend Thinning Allowance
Fig. 102.4.5 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nTable 102.4.6( B. 1.1) Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness 41\/
in. ( 114 mm) or Less
Table 102.4.6( B. 2.2) Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness Greater Than 41\/
in. ( 114 mm) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\n103 CRITERIA FOR PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
104 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
104.1 Straight Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nTable 102.4.7 Weld Strength Reduction Factors to Be Applied When Calculating the Minimum Wall Thickness or Allowable Design Pressure of Components Fabricated With a Longitudinal Seam Fusion Weld <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nTable 104.1.2( A) Values of
104.2 Curved Segments of Pipe
104.3 Intersections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nFig. 104.3.1( D) Reinforcement of Branch Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nFig. 104.3.1( D) Reinforcement of Branch Connections ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nFig. 104.3.1( G) Reinforced Extruded Outlets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n104.4 Closures
104.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nFig. 104.5.3 Types of Permanent Blanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n104.6 Reducers
104.7 Other Pressure- Containing Components
104.8 Analysis of Piping Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nFig. 104.8.4 Cross Section Resultant Moment Loading <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n105 PIPE
105.1 General
105.2 Metallic Pipe
105.3 Nonmetallic Pipe
106 FITTINGS, BENDS, AND INTERSECTIONS
106.1 Fittings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\n106.2 Bends and Intersections
106.3 Pipe Couplings and Unions
106.4 Flexible Metal Hose Assembly
107 VALVES
107.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n107.2 Marking
107.3 Ends
107.4 Stem Threads
107.5 Bonnet Joints
107.6 Bypasses
107.8 Pressure- Relieving Valves and Devices
108 PIPE FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, GASKETS, AND BOLTING
108.1 Flanges
108.2 Blanks
108.3 Flange Facings
108.4 Gaskets
108.5 U. S. Customary Bolting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\n108.6 Metric Bolting
110 PIPING JOINTS
111 WELDED JOINTS
111.1 General
111.2 Butt Welds <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n111.3 Socket Welds
111.4 Fillet Welds
111.5 Seal Welds
112 FLANGED JOINTS
113 EXPANDED OR ROLLED JOINTS
114 THREADED JOINTS
114.1
114.3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nTable 112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nTable 112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements ( Cont’ d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nTable 112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nTable 112 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nTable 114.2.1 Threaded Joints Limitations
115 FLARED, FLARELESS, AND COMPRESSION JOINTS, AND UNIONS
115.1 Compatibility
115.2 Pressure\u2013 Temperature Ratings
115.3 Threads
115.4 Fitting and Gripping
116 BELL END JOINTS
116.1 Elastomeric- Gasket Joints
116.2 Caulked Joints
117 BRAZED AND SOLDERED JOINTS
117.1 Brazed Joints
117.2 Soldered Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\n117.3 Limitations
118 SLEEVE COUPLED AND OTHER PROPRIETARY JOINTS
119 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY
119.1 General
119.2 Displacement Stress Range
119.3 Local Overstrain
119.5 Flexibility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\n119.6 Piping Properties
119.7 Flexibility Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\n119.8 Movements
119.9 Cold Spring
119.10 Reactions
120 LOADS ON PIPE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
120.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\n120.2 Supports, Anchors, and Guides
121 DESIGN OF PIPE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
121.1 General
121.2 Allowable Stress Values <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n121.3 Temperature Limitations
121.4 Hanger Adjustments
121.5 Hanger Spacing
Table 121.5 Suggested Pipe Support Spacing
121.6 Springs
121.7 Fixtures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n121.8 Structural Attachments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nTable 121.7.2( A) Carrying Capacity of Threaded ASTM A36, A575, and A576 Hot- Rolled Carbon Steel
121.9 Loads and Supporting Structures
121.10 Requirements for Fabricating Pipe Supports <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n122 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
122.1 Boiler External Piping; in Accordance With Para. 100.1.2( A) \u2014 Steam, Feedwater, Blowoff, and Drain Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nFig. 122.1.7( C) Typical Globe Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nTable 122.2 Design Pressure for Blowoff\/ Blowdown Piping Downstream of BEP Valves
122.2 Blowoff and Blowdown Piping in Nonboiler External Piping
122.3 Instrument, Control, and Sampling Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\n122.4 Spray- Type Desuperheater Piping for Use on Steam Generators, Main Steam, and Reheat Steam Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nFig. 122.4 Desuperheater Schematic Arrangement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n122.5 Pressure- Reducing Valves
122.6 Pressure Relief Piping
122.7 Piping for Flammable or Combustible Liquids <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\n122.8 Piping for Flammable Gases, Toxic Fluids ( Gases or Liquids), or Nonflammable Nontoxic Gases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nTable 122.8.2( B) Minimum Wall Thickness Requirements for Toxic Fluid Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\n122.9 Piping for Corrosive Liquids and Gases
122.10 Temporary Piping Systems
122.11 Steam Trap Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\n122.12 Exhaust and Pump Suction Piping
122.13 Pump Discharge Piping
122.14 District Heating and Steam Distribution Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nChapter III Materials
123 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
123.1 Materials and Specifications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\n123.2 Piping Components
123.3 Pipe- Supporting Elements
123.4 Longitudinal- Welded or Spiral- Welded Pipe With Filler Metal Added
124 LIMITATIONS ON MATERIALS
124.1 Temperature Limitations
124.2 Steel
124.4 Cast Gray Iron <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\n124.5 Malleable Iron
124.6 Ductile ( Nodular) Iron
124.7 Nonferrous Metals
124.8 Cladding and Lining Materials
124.9 Nonmetallic Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\n124.10 Deterioration of Materials in Service
125 MATERIALS APPLIED TO MISCELLANEOUS PARTS
125.1 Gaskets
125.2 Bolting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nChapter IV Dimensional Requirements
126 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS
126.1 Standard Piping Components
126.2 Nonstandard Piping Components
126.3 Referenced Documents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nTable 126.1 Specifications and Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nChapter V Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection
127 WELDING
127.1 General
127.2 Material
127.3 Preparation for Welding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\n127.4 Procedure
Fig. 127.3 Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nFig. 127.4.2 Welding End Transition \u2014 Maximum Envelope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nTable 127.4.2 Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal Butt Welds <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\nFig. 127.4.4( A) Fillet Weld Size <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\nFig. 127.4.4( B) Welding Details for Slip- On and Socket- Welding Flanges; Some Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds
Fig. 127.4.4( C) Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges
Fig. 127.4.8( A) Typical Welded Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement
Fig. 127.4.8( B) Typical Welded Branch Connection With Additional Reinforcement
Fig. 127.4.8( C) Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\nFig. 127.4.8( D) Some Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment Details Showing Minimum Acceptable Welds <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nFig. 127.4.8( E) Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nFig. 127.4.8( E) Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings ( Cont’d)
Fig. 127.4.8( F) Typical Full Penetration Weld Branch Connections for NPS 3 and Smaller Half Couplings or Adapters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nFig. 127.4.8( G) Typical Partial Penetration Weld Branch Connection for NPS 2 and Smaller Fittings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\n127.5 Qualification
127.6 Welding Records
128 BRAZING AND SOLDERING
128.1 General
128.2 Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n128.3 Preparation
128.4 Procedure
128.5 Brazing Qualification
128.6 Brazing Records
129 BENDING AND FORMING
129.1 Bending <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nTable 129.3.1 Approximate Lower Critical Temperatures
129.2 Forming
129.3 Heat Treatment of Bends and Formed Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\nTable 129.3.4.1 Post Cold- Forming Strain Limits and Heat- Treatment Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\n130 REQUIREMENTS FOR FABRICATING AND ATTACHING PIPE SUPPORTS
130.1 Pipe Supports
130.2 Alternate Pipe Supports
130.3 Pipe Support Welds
131 WELDING PREHEAT
131.1 Minimum Preheat Requirements
131.2 Different P- Number Materials
131.3 Preheat Temperature Verification
131.4 Preheat Temperature
131.6 Interruption of Welding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\n132 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
132.1 Minimum PWHT Requirements
132.2 Mandatory PWHT Requirements
132.3 Exemptions to Mandatory PWHT Requirements
132.4 Definition of Thickness Governing PWHT <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\nTable 132 Postweld Heat Treatment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nTable 132.1 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
121<\/td>\n132.5 PWHT Heating and Cooling Requirements
132.6 Furnace Heating
132.7 Local Heating
133 STAMPING
135 ASSEMBLY
135.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\n135.2 Alignment
135.3 Bolted Flanged Connections
135.4 Packed Joints and Caulked Joints
135.5 Threaded Piping
135.6 Tubing Joints
135.7 Ductile Iron Bell End Piping
Fig. 135.5.3 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\nChapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing
136 INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION
136.1 Inspection
136.2 Inspection and Qualification of Authorized Inspector for Boiler External Piping
136.3 Examination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\n136.4 Examination Methods of Welds <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
125<\/td>\nTable 136.4 Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure Welds or Welds to Pressure- Retaining Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\nTable 136.4.1 Weld Imperfections Indicated by Various Types of Examination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\n137 PRESSURE TESTS
137.1 General Requirements
137.2 Preparation for Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\n137.3 Requirements for Specific Piping Systems
137.4 Hydrostatic Testing
137.5 Pneumatic Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\n137.6 Mass- Spectrometer and Halide Testing
137.7 Initial Service Testing
137.8 Retesting After Repair or Additions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\nChapter VII Operation and Maintenance
138 GENERAL
139 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
140 CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF CPS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\n141 CPS RECORDS
144 CPS WALKDOWNS
145 MATERIAL DEGRADATION MECHANISMS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX A ALLOWABLE STRESS TABLES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
141<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
142<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\nTable A- 1 Carbon Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
147<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
148<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
149<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
150<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
152<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
153<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
155<\/td>\nTable A- 2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
157<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
158<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
159<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
161<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
163<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
166<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
167<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
168<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
171<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
172<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
173<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
174<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
175<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
176<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
177<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
178<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
179<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
184<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\nTable A- 3 Stainless Steels ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
186<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
187<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
188<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
189<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
190<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
191<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
192<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
193<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
195<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
196<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
197<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
198<\/td>\nTable A- 4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\nTable A- 5 Cast Iron <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
201<\/td>\nTable A- 5 Cast Iron <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
202<\/td>\nTable A- 6 Copper and Copper Alloys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\nTable A- 6 Copper and Copper Alloys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
204<\/td>\nTable A- 6 Copper and Copper Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\nTable A- 6 Copper and Copper Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
206<\/td>\nTable A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
207<\/td>\nTable A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
208<\/td>\nTable A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
209<\/td>\nTable A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\nTable A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\nTable A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
212<\/td>\nTable A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
213<\/td>\nTable A- 7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\nTable A- 8 Temperatures 1,200\u00b0 F and Above <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\nTable A- 8 Temperatures 1,200\u00b0 F and Above <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
216<\/td>\nTable A- 8 Temperatures 1,200\u00b0 F and Above ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\nTable A- 8 Temperatures 1,200\u00b0 F and Above ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\nTable A- 8 Temperatures 1,200\u00b0 F and Above ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
219<\/td>\nTable A- 8 Temperatures 1,200\u00b0 F and Above ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\nTable A- 9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
221<\/td>\nTable A- 9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
222<\/td>\nTable A- 9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
223<\/td>\nTable A- 9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
224<\/td>\nTable A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
225<\/td>\nTable A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\nTable A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\nTable A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\nTable A- 10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
229<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX B THERMAL EXPANSION DATA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\nTable B- 1 Thermal Expansion Data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
231<\/td>\nTable B- 1 Thermal Expansion Data ( Cont’ d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
232<\/td>\nTable B- 1 Thermal Expansion Data ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
234<\/td>\nTable B- 1 ( SI) Thermal Expansion Data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
235<\/td>\nTable B- 1 ( SI) Thermal Expansion Data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
236<\/td>\nTable B- 1 ( SI) Thermal Expansion Data ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\nTable B- 1 ( SI) Thermal Expansion Data ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
238<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX C MODULI OF ELASTICITY
Table C- 1 Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Material <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
239<\/td>\nTable C- 1 ( SI) Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Material <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\nTable C- 2 Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
241<\/td>\nTable C- 2 Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
242<\/td>\nTable C- 2 ( SI) Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
243<\/td>\nTable C- 2 ( SI) Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX D FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS
Table D- 1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
245<\/td>\nTable D- 1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
246<\/td>\nTable D- 1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\nTable D- 1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
248<\/td>\nChart D- 1 Flexibility Factor,
and Stress Intensification Factor, <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
249<\/td>\nChart D- 2 Correction Factor, <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
250<\/td>\nFig. D- 1 Branch Connection Dimensions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
251<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX F REFERENCED STANDARDS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
252<\/td>\nReferenced Standards ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
253<\/td>\nReferenced Standards ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
254<\/td>\nReferenced Standards ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
255<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX G
NOMENCLATURE <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
262<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX H PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES
H- 1 INTRODUCTION
H- 2 REQUIREMENTS
H- 3 SUBMITTAL <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
263<\/td>\nMANDATORY APPENDIX J QUALITY CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILER EXTERNAL PIPING ( BEP)
J- 1 QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM
J- 1.1 General
J- 1.2 Outline of Features to Be Included in the Written Description of the Quality Control System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
265<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX II RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF SAFETY VALVE INSTALLATIONS1
II- 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITION
II- 1.1 Scope
II- 1.2 Definitions ( Valve Descriptions Follow the Definitions Given in Section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
266<\/td>\nII- 2 LOADS
II- 2.1 Thermal Expansion
II- 2.2 Pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
267<\/td>\nFig. II- 1- 2( A) Safety Valve Installation ( Open Discharge System) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
268<\/td>\nFig. II- 1- 2( B) Safety Valve Installation ( Closed Discharge System) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
269<\/td>\nFig. II- 2- 1 Discharge Elbow ( Open Discharge Installation)
Table II- 2.2.1 Values of
and <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
270<\/td>\nChart II- 1 Compressible Flow Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
271<\/td>\nFig. II- 2- 2 Vent Pipe ( Open Discharge Installation)
II- 2.3 Reaction Forces From Valve Discharge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
272<\/td>\nII- 2.4 Other Mechanical Loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
273<\/td>\nII- 3 BENDING MOMENT COMPUTATIONS
II- 3.1 General
II- 3.2 Thermal Expansion Analysis
II- 3.3 Dead Weight Analysis
II- 3.4 Earthquake Analysis
II- 3.5 Analysis for Reaction Forces Due to Valve Discharge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
274<\/td>\nII- 4 LOADING CRITERIA AND STRESS COMPUTATION
II- 4.1 Loading Criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
275<\/td>\nFig. II- 3- 1 Safety Valve Installation ( Open Discharge System)
II- 4.2 Stress Calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
276<\/td>\nFig. II- 3- 2 Dynamic Load Factors for Open Discharge System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
277<\/td>\nII- 5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
II- 5.1 General
II- 5.2 Geometry
II- 5.3 Types of Valves and Installations
II- 5.4 Installation Branch Connections <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
278<\/td>\nII- 5.5 Water in Installation Piping
II- 5.6 Discharge Stacks
II- 5.7 Support Design
II- 5.8 Silencer Installation
II- 6 SAMPLE DESIGNS
II- 7 SAMPLE PROBLEM ( SEE FIGS. II- 7- 1 AND II- 7- 2)
II- 7.1 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
279<\/td>\nFig. II- 6- 1 Examples of Safety Valve Installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
280<\/td>\nFig. II- 7- 1 Sample Problem Figure 1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
281<\/td>\nFig. II- 7- 2 Sample Problem Figure 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
284<\/td>\nFig. II- 7- 3 Sample Problem Figure 3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
285<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX III RULES FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING AND PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS
III- 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITION
III- 1.1 General
III- 1.2 Scope
III- 1.3 Definitions and Abbreviations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
286<\/td>\nIII- 2 DESIGN III- 2.1 Conditions and Criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
288<\/td>\nIII- 2.2 Pressure Design of Piping Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\nIII- 2.3 Selection of Piping Components
III- 2.4 Selection of Piping Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
291<\/td>\nIII- 2.5 Expansion and Flexibility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
292<\/td>\nIII- 2.6 Design of Pipe Supporting Elements
III- 2.7 Burial of RTR Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
293<\/td>\nIII- 3 MATERIALS III- 3.1 General Requirements
III- 3.2 Materials and Specifications
III- 3.3 Temperature Limitations
III- 3.4 Fluid Service Limitations
III- 3.5 Piping Component Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
294<\/td>\nIII- 4 SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARD DATA
III- 4.1 Material Specifications and Standards
III- 4.2 Stress and Temperature Limits
III- 4.3 Standard Data
III- 5 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION
III- 5.1 Bonding Plastic Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
295<\/td>\nTable III- 4.1.1 Nonmetallic Material and Product Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
296<\/td>\nTable III- 4.1.1 Nonmetallic Material and Product Standards ( Cont’d) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
297<\/td>\nTable III- 4.2.1 Hydrostatic Design Stresses ( HDS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastic Piping Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
298<\/td>\nTable III- 4.2.2 Design Stresses ( DS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Laminated Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
299<\/td>\nTable III- 4.2.3 Hydrostatic Design Basis ( HDB) for Machine- Made Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
300<\/td>\nTable III- 4.3.1 Thermal Expansion Coefficients, Nonmetals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
301<\/td>\nTable III- 4.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity, Nonmetals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
302<\/td>\nFig. III- 5.1.3( A) Solvent- Cemented Joint <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
303<\/td>\nFig. III- 5.1.3( B) Heat Fusion Joints
Fig. III- 5.1.3( C) Thermoplastic Electrofusion Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
304<\/td>\nIII- 5.2 Bending
III- 5.3 Component Forming
III- 5.4 Assembly and Erection
III- 5.5 Fabrication of Metallic Piping Lined With Nonmetals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
305<\/td>\nIII- 6 EXAMINATION, INSPECTION, AND TESTING
III- 6.1 General
III- 6.2 Examination and Inspection
III- 6.3 Pressure Tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
306<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX IV CORROSION CONTROL FOR ASME B31.1 POWER PIPING SYSTEMS
IV- 1 GENERAL
IV- 1.1 Recommended Guidance
IV- 1.2 Protection of All Piping Systems
IV- 2 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES
IV- 2.1 General
IV- 2.2 Protective Coating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
307<\/td>\nIV- 2.3 Cathodic Protection System
IV- 2.4 Electrical Isolation
IV- 2.5 Electrical Interference
IV- 3 INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL
IV- 3.1 General
IV- 3.2 Inhibitors
IV- 3.3 Linings
IV- 3.4 Precautions at Hydrotesting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
308<\/td>\nIV- 4 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPING EXPOSED TO THE ATMOSPHERE
IV- 5 MONITORING OF PIPE WALL THINNING DUE TO EROSION\/ CORROSION
IV- 5.1 Definition
IV- 5.2 Systems and Components Susceptible to Erosion\/ Corrosion
Table IV- 5.2 Erosion\/ Corrosion Rates
IV- 5.3 Methods of Detection
IV- 5.4 Acceptance Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
309<\/td>\nIV- 5.5 Repair\/ Replacement Procedures
IV- 5.6 References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX V RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND MODIFICATION OF POWER PIPING SYSTEMS
V- 1 DEFINITIONS1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
311<\/td>\nV- 2 GENERAL
V- 2.1 Application
V- 2.2 Conformance
V- 2.3 Requirements
V- 3 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
V- 3.1 General
V- 3.2 Documentation
V- 4 REQUIREMENTS OF THE OPERATING, MAINTENANCE, AND MODIFICATION PROCEDURES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
312<\/td>\nV- 5 PIPING AND PIPE SUPPORT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM AND PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
V- 5.1 Maintenance Program
V- 5.2 Personnel
V- 6 MATERIAL HISTORY
V- 6.1 Records <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
313<\/td>\nV- 6.2 Failure Reports
V- 6.3 Restoration After Failure
V- 6.4 Weld Records
V- 6.5 Inspection Program for Materials With Adverse History
V- 6.6 Nondestructive Examination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
314<\/td>\nV- 7 CPS POSITION HISTORY
V- 7.1 General
V- 7.2 Visual Survey
V- 7.3 Piping Position Markers
V- 7.4 Pipe Supports on CPS
V- 7.5 CPS Records <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
318<\/td>\nV- 7.6 Recommendations
V- 8 PIPING CORROSION
V- 8.1 General
V- 8.2 Procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
319<\/td>\nV- 8.3 Records
V- 8.4 Examination of Records
V- 8.5 Frequency of Examination
V- 9 PIPING ADDITION TO EXISTING PLANTS
V- 9.1 Piping Classification
V- 9.2 Duplicate Components
V- 9.3 Replacement Piping and Piping Components
V- 10 SAFETY, SAFETY RELIEF, AND RELIEF VALVES
V- 10.1 General
V- 10.2 Testing and Adjustment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
320<\/td>\nV- 10.3 Operation
V- 11 DYNAMIC LOADING
V- 11.1 Water Hammer
V- 11.2 Steam Hammer
V- 12 CREEP
V- 12.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
321<\/td>\nFig. V- 12.1.2 Effect of Various Steady Operating Temperatures on Time to Failure Due to Creep
V- 12.2 Procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
322<\/td>\nV- 12.3 Records
V- 12.4 Examination of Records
V- 12.5 Frequency of Examination
V- 13 RERATING PIPING SYSTEMS
V- 13.1 Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
323<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX VI APPROVAL OF NEW MATERIALS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
324<\/td>\nNONMANDATORY APPENDIX VII PROCEDURES FOR THE DESIGN OF RESTRAINED UNDERGROUND PIPING
VII- 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
VII- 1.1 Scope
VII- 1.2 Definitions
VII- 1.3 Nomenclature <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
325<\/td>\nVII- 2 LOADS
VII- 2.1 Thermal Expansion
VII- 2.2 Pressure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
326<\/td>\nVII- 2.3 Earthquake
VII- 3 CALCULATIONS
VII- 3.1 Assembling the Data
VII- 3.2 Calculations of Intermediate Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
327<\/td>\nTable VII- 3.2.3 Approximate Safe Working Values of
for Use in Modified Marston Formula
VII- 3.3 Classification of the Pipe Runs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
328<\/td>\nFig. VII- 3.3.2- 1 Element Category A, Elbow or Bend
Fig. VII- 3.3.2- 2 Element Category B, Branch Pipe Joining the P Leg
Fig. VII- 3.3.2- 3 Element Category C, Tee on End of P Leg
Fig. VII- 3.3.2- 4 Element Category D, Straight Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
329<\/td>\nVII- 4 COMPUTER MODELING OF BURIED PIPING
VII- 4.1 Determination of Stresses
VII- 4.2 Determination of Element Lengths
VII- 4.3 Determination of Soil Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
330<\/td>\nVII- 4.4 Pipe With Expansion Joints
VII- 4.5 Pipe Stresses at Building Penetrations
VII- 5 ALLOWABLE STRESS IN BURIED PIPE
Fig. VII- 5 Plan of Example Buried Pipe
VII- 6 EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
VII- 6.1 Assemble the Data
VII- 6.2 Calculate the Intermediate Parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
331<\/td>\nVII- 6.3 Classification of Runs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
332<\/td>\nTable VII- 6.3 Equations for Calculating Effective Length
or
VII- 6.4 Computer Modeling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
333<\/td>\nFig. VII- 6.4.4 Computer Model of Example Pipe
VII- 6.5 Results of Analysis
VII- 6.6 Anchor Load Example
Fig. VII- 6.6 Example Plan of Element 1 as a Category D Element <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
334<\/td>\nVII- 7 REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
335<\/td>\nINDEX <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
343<\/td>\nASME B31.1 INTERPRETATIONS VOLUME 46 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
344<\/td>\nB31.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
349<\/td>\nB31.1 \u2014 Cases No. 36 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
351<\/td>\nTable 1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
353<\/td>\nTable 1 Maximum Allowable Stress Values
Table 1M Maximum Allowable Stress Values
Table 2 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment ( PWHT)
Table 2M Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment ( PWHT) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
355<\/td>\nTable 1 Chemical Requirements
Table 2 Mechanical Property Requirements
Table 3 Specifications
Table 4 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Tube and Pipe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ASME B31.1 Power Piping<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASME<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2012<\/td>\n360<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":79143,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2643],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-79142","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-asme","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/79142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=79142"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=79142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}